Elephant Man Dzhozef Merrik: Indaba Yokuphila

Ukuzwa le nkulumo ethi "man", abaningi ngokushesha zikhunjulwe ifilimu ngoJosefa Merrick, ehlushwa isifo esibi. Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umuntu onjalo - hhayi umlingiswa oqanjiwe, ungumuntu ongokoqobo. Wayengubani, uyini umlando wokuphila kwakhe?

umndeni

Wazalwa Dzhozef Keri Merrick (Joseph Carey Merrick) kule nguqulo yesiNgisi emzini Leicester ngo-1862. Lapho ubheka ikusasa, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi ukuphila kwakhe bebumfishane kakhulu - iminyaka engu-27 kuphela ubudala, njengoba waze washona ngo-1890.

Merrick Family wayengumuntu kakhulu ukuthi akekho kuyinto evamile, weza abazali kusuka amakilasi aphansi: uyise wayesebenzela coachman nonina - uyinceku. Bashada ngo-1861 futhi ngokushesha wazalwa yabo izibulo - Dzhozef Keri Merrick. njengoba ingane, futhi indodakazi kukaMarion ngahlushwa isithuthwane, okwaholela ekufeni kwakhe kungakabi yisikhathi lapho eseneminyaka engu-24.-1866 futhi 1867 uvele umndeni unezingane ezimbili, kodwa Indodana yabashadikazi omncane Merrick wabulawa scarlet fever. Ngo-1873, wafa, umama yena kaJosefa ukuvuvukala amaphaphu bronchi. ngokushesha Uyise ashade, kodwa hhayi vzljubili endodaneni nosingamama ngenxa kungamboza ububi bayo yaqala ukusinda aphume endlini.

ukubukeka

Okokuqala, akukho lutho ingaphandle umfana zimpawu enkingeni, kodwa lapho ngineminyaka engu-ezinhlanu, kwaqala ukuvela izimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Isikhumba kwezinye izindawo isibe flabby, futhi abanye - a anolaka, anolaka. Waqala ukushintsha umbala walo, sesiye ngempela zifane ebusweni isikhumba sendlovu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Dzhozef Merrik njengoba ingane elimele ethangeni lakhe ekwindla, kunzima sokucasuka izinyonga kusukela ahlupheka kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku.

ukugula kwakhe uthuthuka kahle, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokufa ikhanda lika Merrick sibukeke njengalokhu: engxenyeni frontal wethambo kuye kwaba omkhulu Ukwakha-up kanye nelungelo futhi emva kwesikhumba elenga emphethweni anolaka, cishe ukuvala zonke iso langakwesokunene. Kwakufana isimila omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, ikhanda kwaba 92 cm ububanzi. I ebusweni isikhumba ukuze ukuthungwa yayo lalifana florets cauliflower. Izinwele cishe wayengekho. Ukuvuvukala ohlangothini kwesokudla ikhanda futhi udonse isikhathi ekhaleni, nezindebe kwaba kabi likhubazeke. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwathiwa kuJosefa egwinya.

Kusukela emuva, isikhumba emangelengele nayo hung emphethweni omkhulu. Isandla sokunene lalilikhulu ukwedlula kwesokunxele izikhathi eziningana: kuphela esihlakaleni cm 30 selilonke, kanye isithupha - 12 cm Sam Merrick wabhala ukuthi lesi sijame njengebhoksi isiqu i wendlovu .. Wayengase isebenze kuphela nama-sobunxele, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ilungelo isibe yaphela indaba yalo. On izinyawo zakhe zazinjengethusi futhi neziqu kanye isikhumba emphethweni.

Okusanda anatomists wenze umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo computer yokubukeka kwakhe. Yileyo indlela abanye ngabe unjani Dzhozef Merrik, uma wazalwa enempilo.

Kungani Merrick wabiza "Elephant Man"?

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 babesaphila, ubandlululo abaningi, ikakhulukazi, abantu bakholwa ukuthi ukucindezeleka abanye ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungathinta ukubukeka ingane. Futhi njengoba unina Dzhozefa Merrika, ekubeni sesimweni bethukile indlovu esasithukuthele kungamboza ububi bayo sathathwa ngokunembile yalesi sizathu. Ngeshwa, ngaleso sikhathi sasingazi lutho mayelana nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo, ngakho odokotela kanye Merrick wakholwa kule nguqulo.

Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi kule ukuhlupheka lokhu ngeshwa?

uphethwe

odokotela banamuhla baye ezikhonjwe izifo eziningana yofuzo, okusho wayonakalisiwe ukubukeka Dzhozefa Merrika. Okokuqala, neurofibromatosis uthayiphe (noma Recklinghausen isifo). It libhekene isimila-isikhwama emise, zokwakheka uhlanganyela futhi khona izindawo esikhunjeni makhulu. Futhi, izimpawu neurofibromatosis zihlanganisa asymmetry yezingalo nemilenze futhi izingxenye ubuso, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ebonwe Merrick. Ngamagama alula, kuba zokugula ezivamile isikhumba, amathambo nesimiso sezinzwa. Ngeshwa, imithi futhi manje cishe akukho izimali ikwazi ukulwa nalesi sifo, kodwa bazalwa "Elephant Man" Dzhozef Merrik esikhathini sethu, ngisho noma ayengase ukususa zonke Ukwakha-up kanye ekwakhekeni isikhumba isaka-surgically.

Eyesibili isifo - a Proteus syndrome. Uchazwa ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka ivelakancane zofuzo libhekene overgrowth kanye ukukhula okungavamile amathambo isikhumba. Lesisifo aselapheki, kodwa odokotela namuhla usengakwazi isikhathi ekuphileni iziguli nale uphethwe.

Ukuthola umsebenzi

akazange le Merrick abampofu kwaba kanjani ukwazi ukuze uthole isinkwa sakhe, ngoba khona-ke sasingekho izinzuzo ukukhubazeka? Ngenxa yokuhlukumeza nokuhlekwa uJosefa washiya izifundo zakhe esikoleni iminyaka engu-13. Uyise wamnika ngabadayisa emgwaqeni kodwa abedlula ngendlela zibuye zesabe ukubukeka kwayo. Ngakho-ke, Merrick waya ifektri ugwayi, kodwa ngokushesha kwadingeka zihambe, futhi lo msebenzi, ngoba uhlobo sesandla sakhe sokunene wamvimbela ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Bobabili ubaba nosingamama njalo ululazekile futhi wayehlale uJosefa, ngakho yahamba ekhaya ineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-17.

"Cirque Du Freak"

Ukhathele indlela Vagabond wokuphila, ngo-1884 waya ukwenza embukisweni Tom Norman. It kwakuwukuphela kwendlela ngandlela-thile baziphilise ngabantu abanjengawe Merrick. Kulesi show esasiboniswa ezihlukahlukene ukulimala. Ngo inkampani waphathwa kahle, ikakhulukazi ngoba kulelo kamu wahlangana nabantu kube senkingeni efanayo.

Lo msebenzi wawuhilela ukusebenza masonto onke. izilaleli sokwazi njalo kufanele sibheke deformity womuntu, ikakhulu, futhi "Elephant Man". indima yakhe siqu kwakumelwe abonise emzimbeni wakhe ngaphansi ukukhala nokwesabekayo isixuku. It kwakuthobisa, kodwa ngenye indlela ukuze bazisekele abekho. Dzhozef Merrik ngisho ephethwe ukulondoloza imali enhle - esingamakhilogremu 50. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngabe waphila kahle iminyaka engaba ngu-2 ku imali.

Kodwa ngokushesha umbukiso freak wawuvinjelwe e-England, kanti uTom Norman waphoqeleka ukuba adayise umnikazi isekisi Dzhozefa Merrika wase-Austria. Kodwa wayenesihe indoda yokungathembeki futhi wasesusa zonke imali zanqwabelana Merrick. Ngaphandle penny ephaketheni lakhe, uJosefa waphindela kwelakubo. Wayefanele indawo lapho engaya khona.

Ajwayelane udokotela Mnumzane Frederick Treves

Kwesokudla omunye iziteshi London Underground uJosefa waphupha ngokuhlasela somoya. Abedlula ngendlela okuthiwa udokotela, ikhadi lakhe ibhizinisi ngephutha walala phezu ephaketheni Merrick sika. Kwakuyisikhathi umelaphi, ilungu London Society for sokugembula Mnumzane Frederick Treves umndeni, obani wahlangana noJosefa, ukukhuluma esekisini. Yena, yebo, weza futhi elihunyushwa ngokuthi ngosizo oludingekayo. Kamuva, baba abangane noJosefa.

Ngo Umlando wakhe, uDkt Frederik Trivz lithi lapho kuqala wabona "Elephant Man" esiteji, ngacabanga ukuthi cishe moronic futhi, ngenhlanhla, akukhona uyazi zonke usizi aba nalo lapho isimo sakhe. Kodwa-ke kwakungenjalo. UJosefa waphuma waba ngumlindi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-jacket kwesabeka Mnumzane Frederick Treves wakwazi cabanga onomusa ebucayi.

Kusukela ngesikhathi Dzhozef Merrik isivele edinga ukunakekelwa, Mnumzane Frederick Treves alamule, nokuthi kunqunywe Royal London Isibhedlela. Kube wanikwa ekamelweni elihlukile, lapho ayengathola khona ukuphila. Abahlengikazi, okokuqala phakathi nesineke emazweni nastrozhenno, ngokushesha wathandana uJosefa ngenxa isimo sokuthobeka futhi ethobekile.

Mnumzane Frederick Treves kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuba uJosefa wahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. He tapa akhe e ukuthutha amafasitela evaliwe kuleli zwe, lapho wayekuthanda ukuchitha isikhathi. Merrick balithanda lokuqoqa herbarium. Waba futhi yaseshashalazini njalo. Anakho umbuthano omusha abangane, iningi lawo lalingabantu abantu esiphakeme.

Iqiniso ukuthi "man" kwaba entree angena umphakathi elite, ngoba sezwa ngalokho wonke yaseLondon ngenxa cindezela. Ezalotshwa ngaye, futhi abaningi babefuna mathupha sibheke futhi ukhuluma nobani indoda babonakala ngempela. Ngisho iPrincess Uelskaya Aleksandra wayevame Merrick esibhedlela. Yiqiniso, konke lokhu ukuhlukahluka ukhona okuncane.

ingaphakathi

Ngokuvamile, abantu abakuphila kwabo kufana isiphetho "Elephant Man", iyogcwala amanzi pissed kuNkulunkulu, lalababantu, lawo wonke emhlabeni. Merrik Dzhozef, ogama biography akamnikelanga yisiphi isizathu sokuba nethemba, ngakho, okumangalisayo ukuthi kwakungenjalo. Nakuba impilo yakhe yonke ubelokhu isihloko amahlaya nesihluku, akasizondi amadoda noma Nkulunkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye waqhubeka isithunzi sabo. Omunye wabangane bakhe abaseduze Mnumzane Frederick Treves bamangele uhlobo, onozwela, ngisho umuntu kancane romantic kwaba Merrick.

UJosefa wayeneminyaka onobuqambi o-creative. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwangaleso ezingokomoya, waveza izinkondlo kanye temibhalo yephrozi. Futhi banyathelisa incwajana nge ibhuku ngempilo yakhe. Nakuba Merrick wakwazi ukuthi isebenze kuphela nama isandla sakhe sokhohlo, wayekuthanda ukwakha umfuziselo elincane lombhishobhi, kuyilapho Isibhedlela Royal.

ukufa

Nasi Biography emfushane. Dzhozef Merrik wafa esemncane: ngesikhathi kushona uye ngisho neminyaka engu-28 ubudala. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1890 eRoyal London Isibhedlela.

Ngo zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina, uJosefa akakwazanga ukulala phezu umcamelo, ihlezi nje, ngoba liphazamisa izimila kanye neziqu ekhanda. Kodwa ngolunye usuku wayefuna ukuya ubuthongo zilale phansi, futhi sengathi bonke abantu evamile. Ukuhlolwa kushabalele: uJosefa wafa ka asphyxia, ngoba ikhanda bahamba kakhulu entanyeni yakhe enhle. Ukufa kwakhe njengoba imidlalo ebanga usizi, njengoba zonke ekuphileni.

Dzhozef Merrik ( "man"): izingcaphuno, aphorisms

Ethandwa kakhulu kuba enkondlweni wabhala Merrick yena. Lapha ukhuluma kwansuku zabo:

Yebo, ngiyazi ukuthi ngiyakuhlala, bheka ezingaphezu kuka ongaziwa,

Kodwa abangimangalela lokhu, futhi basola uNkulunkulu.

Uma ngangingeke ngikwazi ukwakha ngokwabo kabusha,

Bengingeke akudumaza.

Uma Ngaya kusukela pole ukuze isigxobo,

Uma esisesandleni uhambe phezulu nolwandle,

Yibe usunikeza emphefumulweni wami

Futhi umqondo umuntu ovamile.

Omunye amazwi edume kakhulu kuJosefa: "Ungalokothi ... qha, neze ... lutho ubalekela umoya emoyeni, emvuleni amafu amhlophe, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ... Lutho izokufa .." Ukuba wazibonela babekezelela kuhlukaniswa womuntu, Merrick wagoqa e umusho owodwa: "Abantu bayesaba ukuthi bangaqondi."

Okulandelayo ebhayisikobho

Dzhozef Keri Merrick, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "Elephant Man", waba iqhawe films eziningana. In the movie "Kusukela isihogo" ngo-2001, yena Luvela ngezikhathi ezithile kumagazini British ewuchungechunge yethelevishini "Ripper Street" Mnumzane Frederick Treves futhi Merrick waqala uchungechunge eziningana izinhlamvu. Kodwa indaba ephelele yokuphila kwakhe, iboniswe David Lynch ifilimu "Elephant Man", lapho umlingisi losemcoka eyadlalwa Dzhon noHort, futhi umngane wakhe Doctor - Anthony Hopkins.

Kuyishwa ukuthi ukuphila Dzhozefa Merrika luthuthukiswe ukuze hhayi ngenye indlela, kodwa wababekela isibonelo olukhulu kanjani ungahlala ukuhlala abantu.