Ezolimo: ezolimo umkhakha. Amagatsha Ezolimo Russia

Ezolimo kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile umsebenzi okuhloswe ngaso ukutshala, ukucubungula yokukhiqiza, kanye nokunikeza izinsizakalo ezihlobene. Izimboni zayo eziyinhloko ukukhiqizwa imfuyo nezitshalo. On kwakhiwa kanjani kuyinto kwezolimo njengoba igatsha ukukhiqizwa ezweni kuncike kakhulu nenhlalakahle yabantu baso.

izici Isici nokukhiqiza izitshalo eRussia

Land ezweni lethu kakhulu futhi, kubonakala, zonke izimfanelo sokuthuthukisa ngempumelelo kule ndawo wezolimo lapho. Ngeshwa, eRussia ngokwendawo ngendlela yokuthi izimo zezulu bese ezihlukahlukene izici zemvelo amathuba kule ndaba kakhulu nomkhawulo sina. Nqampuna njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni kwezolimo ezweni lakithi isiqondiso ngempela ethembisa, kodwa kuncike ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kuphela inhlonipho imvelo.

35% kuphela ezweni Russian itholakala endaweni sezulu esipholile, ezinhle efanelekayo ukutshala izitshalo ezifana rye, ukolweni, oats, nokunye okufana nokolweni kanye nokunye. D. ndawo enkulukazi ye-Arctic Circle ngokuphelele engafanele nokukhiqiza izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni eziningi ezweni lethu kudinga ehlathini, lapho ukutshala inhlabathi - inqubo okuyinto kuhlobene nokuba nezinduna eziningi nobunzima.

Nciphisa njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni kwezolimo: iziqondiso main

Njengamanje, ezindaweni eziyinhloko wezolimo eRussia zihlanganisa:

• Grain ukulima. Lokhu isiqondiso ibalulekile labantu yiliphi izwe emhlabeni, kuhlanganise izwe lethu. Isinkwa kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha umkhiqizo oyinhloko umsoco womuntu. Ukuphakelwa labaluleke kakhulu nemfuyo Futhi enziwa kusukela izitshalo.
• Grassland. Ngakho ngokuthi uhlelo wezinyathelo letehlukahlukene lokuhloswe ngato ekwenteni ukukhiqizwa, ukuvuna kanye processing isilwane izifunzo. Kulokhu, ezweni isetshenziselwa izitshalo ezikhulayo ikakhulu edlelweni, izimpande, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, amakhabe kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. N.
• Ukutshala izitshalo ezimbonini. Lezi zihlanganisa ukotini, yefilakisi, ubhekilanga, ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi, ugwayi nokunye. D.
• Zemifino amazambane.
• Viticulture kanye ukulima.

kwezitshalo Geography eRussia

Ngakho, i-main legatsha lunye kwezolimo ezweni lethu - ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi kanye nezolimo. Ayisebenzi, Russia itholakala zokuzamazama eziningana zezulu. Ekukhiqizeni isivuno, futhi ikakhulukazi ezihlukahlukene izingoma ziyafuywa izitshalo yalesi sizathu amathonya ngokuyinhloko.

Ngakho, ukolo, lifuna umbuso ezishisayo, ayethanda yokudla okunempilo loamy umhlabathi izitshalo ngokwanele nesomiso ukumelana etshalwa ikakhulu asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi ezindaweni. Le ndawo yokukhula rye ngaphansi fastidious has imingcele ebanzi. Ibhali kuvamile cishe zonke izindawo zolimo yezwe - ezindaweni ezibandayo enyakatho kuya eningizimu eyomile kusuka.

Imihlobo ehlukeneko izitshalo zezimboni luvamile ezindaweni ezahlukene. Sunflower, isibonelo, ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile. Into kuphela - ukuthola le isiko izitshalo ezinhle kufanele itshalwe kuphela kwi nenhlabathi sasivumela evundile. Khulisa ubhekilanga okungenani kule asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi-asemaqeleni izifunda ingxenye European yezwe. Sugar beet, kunalokho, ke efunwa kakhulu ngemibandela nomswakama. Ngakho-ke, sandile ikakhulukazi kuphela ezindaweni ezimaphakathi kanye western zone ihlathi asemaqeleni.

Vegetable kuhlanganisa inqwaba yamasiko, ezibangelwa zinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, it is kahle cishe zonke izindawo zolimo yeRussia. Izitshalo ezivamile evulekile-kwezolimo zihlanganisa iklabishi, utamatisi, ithanga, u-anyanisi, beet kanye izaqathi. Bona etshalwa ngendlela yezomnotho uvame ezindaweni lapho kukhona ukufinyelela emanzini - ogwini emachibini, emifuleni kanye amadamu. Izizinda elikhulu ukulima kwakheka sifinyelela engezansi iVolga kanye Don neNorth eCaucasus.

Ingadi - futhi i isiqondiso esibalulekile ezindaweni efana nezolimo. Imikhakha kwezolimo, elihlobene ne ukutshala izitshalo nezithelo berry, futhi got a ukusabalala omkhulu eRussia, ikakhulu eYurophu eyayiyingxenye ngakho (eVolga esifundeni, Krasnodar esifundeni). Izinhlobonhlobo esikhulu kunazo zonke izithelo izitshalo siyenzeka eNorth Caucasus. Baningi izingadi nazo yakhulela Bashkiria futhi Altai.

izici Isici imfuyo

Imboni futhi izwe lethu laphakade liyathembisa. Engingakusho nje ukhumbule ukuthi kwaba omunye eziholela kokuqala zokugcina crisis leminyaka. Izimpawu emkhakheni wezolimo kuleli cala kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye uhambo olufushane ku umlando. ESoviet Union, ukunakekela izilwane izinkomo ikakhulukazi, yasungulwa kahle. Nokho, bomnotho zeminyaka kuye kwadingeka kule ndawo isikhathi esingaphezu nomthelela ongemuhle. Kuphela kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku 2005, isibalo izinkomo kwehle kusuka 54,7 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingama 21.4. Ngokusho imiphumela efanayo ngo-2005, ukukhiqizwa imfuyo ezweni lethu sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ezingenanzuzo. Ngakho-ke, kube khona ukwanda sokungena kwalo mkhiqizo.

Nokho, kuze kube manje njengoba ezolimo wemboni komnotho (okubalwa imfuyo) ezweni lethu angabhekwa ucishe inzuzo. Ngokwezinga elithile lokhu kungenxa ukuthuthukiswa amapulazi yangasese.

izimboni Key

Ngakho yiziphi izinkomba main okwethulwa Kulokhu ezolimo? abakhiqizi bezolimo imfuyo elandelayo:

• Izinkomo zizalela. Ngokuzalanisa izinkomo, kanye ukutshala okusanhlamvu kugcilwa ezinkulu production / v.
• Porcine. Lona igatsha lesibili kubaluleke. Okusho liphinde kunzima overestimate. Lokhu isiqondiso libhekwa ku inyama, ubhekeni polusalnoe.
• Imbuzi nezimvu zizalela. Idatha esetshenziswa kakhulu etholwe isiqondiso esishintshashintshayo asemaqeleni, kanye kwezifunda zezintaba.
• Equine. Lokhu legatsha iklanyelwe ukunikeza emnothweni kazwelonke purebred yokuzalanisa izilwane, ezemidlalo kanye ithele.
• Camel. Lokhu isiqondiso lithole ukuthuthukiswa okubanzi e Ezindaweni ezinesomiso futhi esalugwadule yeRussia. Futhi, lezi zilwane high kakhulu uboya ubisi.
• Reindeer ukunakekela. Lokhu umkhakha kuyinto izindawo lunye etholakala emathafeni ase (Magadan, Archangelsk futhi t. D.).
• Izilwane zasekhaya. Enye legatsha ebalulekile nemfuyo.
• Farming. Injongo eyinhloko yale ndawo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umnotho izikhumba zezilwane ezincane noboya-ebizwa kazwelonke.
• Ukufuywa. Imboni obangela ukukhiqizwa eziningi imikhiqizo eyigugu - honey, ngengcina yezinyosi, jelly royal, bee Isihlungu, njll ...

Industries Lezokulima zixhumene nomunye ngqo. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, yebo, okubalwa imfuyo. Ngaphandle evuthiwe ingulube nezinkomo zizalela, isibonelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba inzuzo ikakhulukazi embonini yezokudla. Uma isimo ngeke banake izimboni ezifana ukulima nezimvu zizalela, labantu Russia oluyosala ngaphandle izingubo zabo efudumele.

Geography bemfuyo eRussia

Ukubekwa nesiqondiso lunye zinqunywa ikakhulu khona ifolishi iqembu ethile izilwane. Okungukuthi, njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni bemfuyo ukulima, nakuba esingaphansi isivuno, ngezinga elithile, kodwa futhi kuncike ezicini zemvelo kanye sezulu.

Fundzisisa avalele izinkomo ekuthuthukiseni wezwe lakithi ngaleso kakhulu European okuyingxenye - e sifinyelela engenhla iVolga futhi Dnieper. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu eMoscow Yaroslavl izifunda. Umkhuba ofanayo esivamile ngoba eningizimu endaweni Petersburg. Ukwenza Izinkomo zizalela kanye kwezinye izifunda wengxenye European yezwe, kanye ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye eSiberia, esifundeni esise-Ural. Nokho, kulesi simo sikhuluma ikakhulukazi mayelana inyama nezinkomo yobisi zizalela isiqondiso. Zahlakazeka zahlala nasenyakatho - ezingxenyeni eziningi eSiberia, kodwa kulezi zindawo kuba uhlamvu yakhula kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezibandayo is kabanzi athuthukile ezaziphila ngokufuya. Izinkomo Iningi ezifuywa esifundeni esise-Ural, iVolga nezifunda Central, kanye eNorth Caucasus.

ukutshalwa yande kakhulu izinkomo ezincane ezweni lethu lithole ku iVolga esifundeni, North-Caucasus, esise-Ural, East eSiberia. Ovchinnoshubnoe evuthiwe ukukhiqizwa futhi ezindaweni ezimaphakathi wengxenye European yeRussia. Pig, cishe kulo lonke izwe. Ngezinga elincane, lena indlela yokuthuthuka eliseMpumalanga Ekude.

Lokho kunemtselela ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo

Ngaphezu izimo zezulu bese sezulu ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza imfuyo nezitshalo e kunoma isiphi isimo zingathonywa yilabo lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• I degree of ukuxhaswa okuvela embusweni. Imali engaphezu iyitshalwa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuze inzuzo engaphezu kuka-ezolimo. abakhiqizi Agricultural ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi kakhulu incike inani izibonelelo. Lezi zimali ikakhulukazi ukuya ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza ezintsha, ukuthengwa imishini, kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.
• Izinyathelo ukubuyisela umhlaba zisetshenziswe kabi izindawo nokukhiqiza izitshalo olunzulu. Izwe ukuncintisana namanye izizwe ezimakethe zomhlaba wezolimo insimu yalo kuyakuba yizwe okuningi elikhiqizayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Esinye isici esibalulekile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezwe imibandela ethize emakethe kuba phambi lenemphilo ukuncintisana. Amagatsha eyinhloko ezolimo kulesi sici akuzona ngaphandle.
• Isimo isayensi nobuchwepheshe. Innovations more luzoqala, ukukhiqizwa imfuyo nezitshalo oholela kangcono. inqubekela-phambili yesayensi - lokhu ingenye yezinto eziyinhloko banciphise izindleko ukudla.

izinkinga Nature Management

Wonke amagatsha e-wezolimo eRussia, ngaphezu ukuthola la maqiniso angenhla, encike ngqo kwi zezemvelo. Ngeshwa, ezweni lethu, isimo sengqondo okuzingela ukuze ingcebo yemvelo nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezimali kuyi kwaholela ziwohloke abalulekile isimo kule ndaba.

Esikhathini asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo of ukuzinza kwemvelo kabi kahle ikakhulu ngenxa namanzi ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, nakho yokudala namathafa baye imvelo yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 V. Dokuchaevym ku Voronezh esifundeni kule asemaqeleni itshe ipheshana. Manje nansi Agricultural Research Institute. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kufanele nakanjani zisebenzisa namuhla.

Ukwephula ukuzinza kwemvelo kule esinezimila ehlathini lesotaezhnoy izindawo ngokuvamile ehambisana ne-nkinga we emaxhaphozini nokususa isiteshi engalawuliwe.

Njengoba izinkinga zemvelo eRussia yesimanje zingaxazululwa

Ngenhlanhla, isimo samanje ezweni lethu kule uhlelo iqala ukushintsha kakhulu. Umsebenzi obaluleke kunayo yonke isayensi muva esungulwe - ezomnotho kwemvelo - akuyona kuphela lokongiwa kwemvelo ekukhanyeni kungenzeka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kodwa futhi ukubikezela of izimiso zokusebenza kwemvelo, ezama ukubikezela ikusasa futhi ikhono lokuphatha namuhla. Yiqiniso, ngale ndlela egatsheni eyinhloko kwezolimo kuyokwesekwa abangaphezu nomphumela ozuzisayo.

Izindlela eyinhloko Ukuvuselela Uhlaza Lwehlathi yokusetshenziswa komhlaba yesimanje okwamanje yilezi kulondolozwe eziphilayo begazi ukudalwa umquba wemvelo organic esekelwe isikhunta, ama-bacterium, ulwelwe. Isayensi okhuluma biology humus - kukusasa ezolimo.

Intuthuko yamuva nje kule ndawo ezisetshenziswa kuyo yonke imikhakha ezolimo eRussia namuhla indlela. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Krasnodar esifundeni esetshenziswa bezgerbitsidnye irayisi nommbila ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe. Kwezinye amapulazi we Omsk esifundeni renunciation ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ukulima ziye zaholela nokwanda okuphawulekayo umkhiqizo.

Phakathi amasu amasha zihlanganisa, isibonelo:

• Iconsa wokunisela ukuba zamukele hhayi kuphela amapulazi amakhulu, kodwa abanikazi abaningi izingadi.
• Ukulima Moldboard.
• Engokwemvelo yezinkathi ezithile kwezitshalo.

Ukuze izinhlelo abalindele ukugcwaliseka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, singasho sithi ukwethulwa i ukuqapha okudidiyelwe futhi olubanzi kwemvelo. Oqaphela impendulo yayo izenzo zabantu futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu kwezolimo. Imikhakha wezolimo - nemfuyo kanye nokukhiqiza izitshalo - baba inzuzo futhi elizimele.

Ezolimo Germany

Uvuselela ukukhiqizwa imfuyo nezitshalo eRussia, yebo, kufanele sinake Okwenzeka kulawo mazwe lapho idatha wemboni ithuthukiswe kahle. Isibonelo zivame ukuliveza eJalimane. Njengamanje, ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo kulelizwe okhokhela kakhulu ukunakwa. Inzuzo zonke izinhlaka zayo ngokwezinga elikhulu kuthonywa inhlangano ephelele kakhulu futhi ezicatshangwe kahle, kanye ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo futhi ngokucophelela imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile.

Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi Germany futhi eningizimu yezwe bekwi kwemikhiqizo yezolimo kakhulu abanikazi lamapulazi amancane. Lesi simo iba imbangela ukuncintisana okunempilo, umfutho ukwethulwa amasu amasha anamandla. Amagatsha Ezolimo German - ukukhiqizwa imfuyo nezitshalo - ukuletha izwe inzuzo enkulu.

Kepha thina kuleli zwe amaphrojekthi kakhulu futhi kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe e nemfuyo kanye nezolimo ngeke kakhulu zincike ukuphelela base zomthetho esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. ukuphathwa kwezomnotho abahlakaniphile kanye nokongiwa kwemithombo yemvelo kufanele kuze kuqala umbuso. Mhlawumbe esikhathini isakhiwo ikusasa emkhakheni wezolimo e-Russia lizofana a German. Nokho, okwamanje kwenqwaba ukudla ezweni lethu ukukhiqiza mikhulu nge / s inhlangano.