Fort Krasnaya Gorka: umlando, amabalazwe, amashadi, izithombe, izinkambo, indlela ukuya Museum

Fort Krasnaya Gorka - isakhiwo ukuzivikela ogwini eGulf of Finland, okuyinto iminyaka engaphezu kuka-100. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inqaba esikhathini Lomonosov esifundeni Leningrad esifundeni omé izimpi ezine, kodwa ngo-1960 uyekile isetshenziswe njengoba ukuqinisa ukuvikelwa kolwandle Saint-Petersburg olwandle. Abahlanganyeli imiphakathi zomlando lempi, abasebenzi Museum esungulwe endaweni nqaba yesikhumbuzo. Ungathatha indawo, futhi sakujabulela sikhungo, iziteleka ukwesaba ku abahlaseli.

Ukuqokwa isakhiwo ukuzivikela

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule ukuqinisa lo Kronstadt Fortress izinqaba ezimbili kwakhiwa - Eno Red Hill - izakhiwo yakhelwe ungalahlekelwa imikhumbi isitha ukuze Petersburg. Ukuqala ukwakhiwa ngomhla 1909, futhi ekupheleni kwalo - 1915. Kuhle Russian ochwepheshe asolwandle bekwi-design futhi beqondisa ukwakhiwa waleyo nqaba. Igama kwavela ngawodwana, njengoba bamukeleke amagama - ngegama edolobhaneni eliseduze.

Ngakho indawo entsha ukuzivikela - Fort Krasnaya Gorka. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, wabizwa ngokuthi Alekseevskii Krasnoflotskaya waba isikhungo eqinile yokuzivikela oluseningizimu-Gulf njengengxenye inqaba Kronstadt. Wezikhali amabhethri ngokuphephile evikelwe Petersburg yi okungazelelwe ndima nasekuhlaselweni yizitha. Kuphela kanye izikebhe British ehlaselwa imikhumbi Russian kumi imigwaqo (1918).

Imephu eGulf of Finland, okuyinto kwasho edolobhaneni Fort, kunikeza umbono walokho indawo isakhiwo zokuzivikela. Amasosha akhona ukuthi inabasebenzi ngo-1914 futhi baba izinkulungwane 4.5. Amasosha (Gunners, amasosha, amatilosi).

I inqaba olwandle Okokuqala Umhlaba futhi kulwiwa

Fort Krasnaya Gorka kuze 1919 akazange iqhaza ukulwa imisebenzi. Kodwa isimo emhlabeni "iwumthombo inguquko" - Petrograd - laliya amasosha ehlasela eziyingozi kakhudlwana Yudenich. Ngo-1918, nqaba sasithathwa, engazange efika isitha, kodwa igalelo akazange abe isikhundla. Ngawo lowo nyaka, futhi kamuva ezintathu isikaniso esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi isitha ezweni eGulf of Finland. Ehlobo lika-1919 waqala kokubhikisha kwango-anti-kwamaBolshevik amatilosi ngubani aye akhipha imikhumbi umlilo Baltic Fleet.

Fort Krasnaya Gorka ngesikhathi belofinskoy futhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

IRed Army 30 Novemba 1939 lasungula ukusebenza ukuze ifohle iye kahle enezivikelo eziqinile futhi kubhekwe ngaleso sikhathi ungenakunqotshwa yesimiso sokuzivikela eFinland - "Mannerheim Line". Amabhethri waleyo nqaba ixoshe on izikhundla Finnish, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa izinqaba esikhathini yokuvikela Oranienbaum bridgehead amabutho amaNazi. Kwakungesinye izikhathi ezinzima kakhulu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ikampu Fort kabavumelanga amaNazi eduze kuka ababengase bakuthole wezikhali imizuliswano.

Ngemva kwamashumi amabili ngemva Victory Omkhulu ngo-1945 we izibhamu bathunyelwa ukuba elicibilikile phansi, futhi ngo-1975 kwakunophawu olwaluthi yesikhumbuzo omunye amabhethri. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, kwakungekho muntu ukuvikela inqaba zasolwandle izikhali asele lapha kwaba inyamazane "abazingeli sensimbi." Izazi-mlando sezempi baye bazama ukugcina Fort Krasnaya Gorka. Izithombe eminyakeni yamuva - kuba umkhosi, ukushaya londoloza lesikhumbuzo ekubhujisweni futhi ishabalale.

Dala yesikhumbuzo

Point imibhalo mlando sezempi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi 60 m ² endaweni nqaba kwakukhona Itshe egwadle, efakwe endaweni lokungcwatshwa bobuzalwane amatilosi efile kubabulali abathathu, eyayibonakala Ngishoné phezu tindlelanchubo Kronstadt. Kwakukhona zingcwecwe nge amagama alabo ababulawayo futhi wangcwatshwa ethuneni. Ngo 1974-1975 kuya iminyaka engu-30 Izitha yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe izakhiwo walondoloza waleyo nqaba sinqume ukubeka ukuze, ukusebenzisa olubanzi lesikhumbuzo ukuze imfundo kwezempi-yokushisekela izwe. Ingabe isenzo uhlelo ukusungula lesikhumbuzo e Fort "Sea Inkazimulo" futhi igatsha Museum oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, imi indima wezikhali kogu ekumeleleni Leningrad futhi Oranienbaum bridgehead.

Linikeza ukwakhiwa yokupaka for uhambo amabhasi, yokuhambahamba ezindaweni zokubuka, emnyuziyamu ezivulekile ndawo. Memorial lavulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoMeyi 9, 1975, kodwa kuleyo minyaka ungazange ekhishwe imibhalo zetayitela kuya Isiqinti esibiza kanye passport into samasosha zomlando. Ngemva 1990, isimo ushintshe setepolitiki uhlelo kanye ngokufaneleka kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo umsebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yesikhumbuzo ngemibuzo. indawo lawo kwathiwa adiliza izibhamu, kodwa amazinga sibonga abathanda ukulondolozwa lesikhumbuzo.

Museum of eFort edume

Cishe eminyakeni engu-100 ngemva kokuqala ukwakhiwa isibhamu emplacements amatilosi wakhalaza kuziphathimandla kamasipala Lomonosov esifundeni Leningrad esifundeni ngesicelo ukubuyisela eziyinkimbinkimbi isikhumbuzo Museum "Fort Krasnaya Gorka." Legendary ulwandle inqaba ukuthi evikelwe Petersburg, kufanele walondoloza futhi zivuleleke ekutheni zihlonzwe. Nomthelela isixazululo omuhle umbuzo aqhubekisela inkumbulo isithakazelo izivakashi into ogwini eGulf of Finland. It sangakithi ngaqhubeka nomsebenzi Museum nokuchaza yayo agcwaliswa izinto ekuqaleni futhi phakathi XX leminyaka, atholakala emihumeni inqaba ulwandle. Ezibekwe bangaphambili ishede kanye elihamba zokukhosela.

Kanjani ukuze uthole endaweni ka-Fort

Ekuhambeleni zensimu kubalulekile ukuze uvumelane kusengaphambili ku ukuvakasha, ephelezelwa nobuholi kwenhlangano samasosha zomlando "Fort Krasnaya Gorka." Kanjani ukuze uthole ifuna umuntu mlando sezempi futhi tour guide, izakhamuzi zendawo izivakashi ehlobo, okuyinto ehlobo ngokuvamile hamba bebheke "Swan Lake Fort Krasnaya Gorka." Ibalazwe lendawo edingekayo kulabo izihambi ngubani ngeke ngebhasi endleleni "Lomonosov-Red Hill", noma sebenzisa isitimela "Saint Petersburg-Krasnoflotsk", okuyinto isuka aseBaltic Station, inhlokodolobha enyakatho. Ngemoto ukuba nqaba engafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa Swan Lake.

Uhambo eFort ukuchitha ubuke Leningrad esifundeni kanye Petersburg Amahhovisi. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe futhi indawo yesikhumbuzo ihlanganisa indawo amahektheli angu-20. Trip ku Fort sithatha amahora 8-9. Ukuvakashela yesikhumbuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi Museum Pay (ruble 800-1000). Bekufanele flashlight izohlola izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba.

The izinto ezisemqoka Museum and eziyinkimbinkimbi ayisikhumbuzo "Fort Krasnaya Gorka":

• isikhundla eziphathekako ibhethri;
• isikhumbuzo amatilosi futhi Gunners;
• Izinsalela amabhethri casemates;
• Wezikhali wesitimela zokuthutha;
• Fort Museum.

Fort Krasnaya Gorka (Leningrad esifundeni). Isiphetho lesikhumbuzo

I umbono wokuqala ukuvakashela leli sayithi ogwini eGulf of Finland ku Lomonosov isifunda ezicindezelayo. Utshani kanye nezihlahla ebonakalayo ukhonkolo slabs, embozwe ungqimba moss futhi ulele. Bunkers futhi komzila igcwele sezihlahla. Fans of "Stalker" by Strugatsky abazalwane kungase kubonakale ukuthi lapha kukhona "indawo" efanayo. doti Ukhonkolo ehlathini - ke ulandelela ukuqhuma nezinhlamvu ngo-1918.

Ngokwezazi-mlando, ezweni hhayi Ususe amagobolondo, hhayi ezimayini neutralized wabeka Kudala kulwiwa. Ensimini ka Ngokuqhubeka Kwamabhomu, okuyizinto onjiniyela okhokhelwayo. abasebenzi Museum Ngethemba ukuthi emva kokuphothulwa zokuhlala izivakashi e Fort kuyoba ephephile, kanye Museum izokwengeza zobuciko ezintsha by sappers.