FTTx ubuchwepheshe - noxhumano lwe-Inthanethi

Izinkampani eziningi waqala kancane kancane ukuthuthela usebenzisa FTTx ubuchwepheshe njengoba isisekelo nokuhlinzekwa Ukufinyelela i-Inthanethi amasevisi. Manje-ke akuyona njengoba kunzima futhi kuyabiza njengoba kwakunjalo eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Yingakho umkhiqizo abafanele ngenkuthalo ethuthuka emakethe.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ukusebenzisa FTTx ubuchwepheshe kuhilela ekhangayo fibre optic izixazululo ukwakhiwa kwe-broadband amanethiwekhi. Kufanele uchaze ukuthi kushiwoni lokhu umqondo omusha.

FTTx - a term echaza indlela jikelele ekwakhekeni nengqalasizinda ikhebula inethiwekhi, lapho ukuxhumana kusuka engeyokuqala endaweni ethize, ukubizwa ngokuthi «x», iza yokukhanya, bese ngqo ababhalisile, ikhebula zethusi selibekiwe. Kungenzeka badedele yokukhanya ngqo kudivayisi isikhokhelo sika. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ukusetshenziswa FTTx ubuchwepheshe kuhilela kuphela ungqimba ngokomzimba. Kodwa ngaphansi kwalesi umqondo ubalekela futhi inani elikhulu kwenethiwekhi ubuchwepheshe kanye nedatha ukuxhumanisa ungqimba. Broadband kusivumela ukunikeza izinkonzo eziningi ezintsha.

Isithakazelo amanethiwekhi ezifana

Okwamanje, njengoba main injini FTTx emakethe ngokuthi funa mass sokufinyelela broadband, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukufeza, uma kuphela ukusebenzisa ADSL. izixazululo Optical zithinta imbulunga linamathele emadolobheni amakhulu, futhi kukhona ukuthambekela ecacile ukuze uhlangane opharetha kancane ezinkulu, okuyinto ukusebenza ezingeni sikahulumeni. FTTx ubuchwepheshe kabanzi kakhulu elisetshenziswa emadolobhaneni, lapho ingqalasizinda ekuqaleni eyakhelwe ngesisekelo indlela optical.

amathemba emakethe

FTTx ukuthuthukiswa emakethe on ensimini Russian akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni ukufuneka okuqukethwe ephezulu, kodwa futhi ngenani emikhulukazi ukwakhiwa, kanye lokuncintisana phakathi nabahlinzeka ngemisebenzi broadband. Ngenxa ukwakhiwa othakazelisayo emafulethini abami FTTx amanethiwekhi kuba ngokushesha kakhulu begodu kufaneleko imigomo kwezomnotho, kanye umncintiswano senzani, ukuze izindleko ukufinyelela ku-intanethi siya aphansi. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukunakwa opharetha 'wayalwa ukuba ikhasimende yenkampani, futhi manje, kubhekwe ababhalisile evamile.

esakhiwe ngokukhethekile

FTTx ubuchwepheshe kuze kube muva esetshenziswa opharetha ababengenawo isizukulwane endala ingqalasizinda zabo, ukuthi wazenza ngethusi, futhi lokhu kwaba ngenxa yezindleko anda kumiswa isakhiwo se-fibre. Nokho, kule minyaka embalwa edlule, isithakazelo amanethiwekhi entsha ekhulayo. Esinye sezizathu lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthi nokunwetshwa kwemisebenzi, ukunwetshwa yokwenziwa amanethiwekhi optical (Pon) nokusatshalaliswa Metro-Ethernet, ukunciphisa izindleko imikhiqizo optical fibre, kanye impumelelo ezinye opharetha ekwakhiweni amanethiwekhi enjalo.

izinhlobo okusha okuqukethwe

Xhuma ku FTTx ubuchwepheshe iyaduma ngaphezulu ukukhanya kweqiniso lokuthi abasebenzisi lanamuhla kuba nesithakazelo izinhlobo ezintsha mayelana nokuqukethwe isiqophi kanye eliphezulu ihluzo. I kulethe esiyinhloko koHlelo fiber-optic, isibe banda abantu abanesithakazelo kuyi-video amasevisi. Ukuhambisa maphakathi gravity kanye yokusakaza ababhalisile ngamunye kudingeka ukwanda labelwe i-bandwidth, maduze nje kakhulu kube megabits-100 yesibili yasendlini ngamunye.

Ukudayiswa LCD HDTV abazenzi usheshise, okubonisa ukuthi ikhasimende idinga lokusakaza amasevisi izinhlelo zethelevishini ungcono yini okwenza ikwazi ukunikeza ithelevishini analog. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-IP-TV obonwa ochwepheshe abaningi ukuba inkambo nenengqondo izenzakalo. Yileyo ndlela kuphela umsebenzisi angakhetha ukudluliswa amafilimu, kanye nesikhathi ukuwabuka. Ngakho kubhekwe ukuthi mass lixhumene FTTx ubuchwepheshe xPON kuzoba umbuzo hhayi kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo, futhi kuphela ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Njalo-inthanethi okwamanje uyaqonda ukuthi utshalomali e yokukhanya amelela ukutshalwa amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi, inzuzo okuyinto kuzodlula umkhawulo izindleko by amashumi izikhathi. Lokhu kungase kuchaze lesi ukuthenga asebenzayo lemigqa optical, kanye eziningi amaphrojekthi wendiza, kuhlanganise laying futhi yokukhanya ngqo imishini umsebenzisi.

Ziyini izingozi?

Eminyakeni ezayo-intanethi FTTx ubuchwepheshe ngeke VO ukuthi uyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa ukufinyelela broadband, kodwa ingqalasizinda fibre optic has a engaba sezingeni eliphezulu, elikuvumela ukuba bathembele nokubuyiselwa zonke ukutshalwa kwezimali. Okwamanje, iningi msebenzi ejwayelekile ye sesimanje backbone amanethiwekhi kanye nobuchwepheshe emakethe FTTx namanje ngaphansi cwaningo, umklamo nokuhlolwa. Nokho, manje kukhona isithakazelo opharetha izakhi WDM futhi Passive Optical Splitter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula okulindeleke yokuthengisa optical engu- obunamandla elisetshenziswa FTTx izixazululo.

izinhlobo architectures

FTTx (Rostelecom) ubuchwepheshe kuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana architectures:

- FTTN (Fibre kuya Node) - fiber ifinyelela engeyokuqala inethiwekhi;

- FTTC (Fibre kuya Lomgwaqo) - fiber ifinyelela komakhelwane, ikota noma izindlu ezingaphezu;

- FTTB (Fibre kuya Isakhiwo) - fiber ifinyelela isakhiwo;

- FTTH (Fibre Lwasekhaya) - fiber ukufinyelela yokuhlala.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo iseduze indlela ye-fiber-optic kufanelekile ukugcina umsebenzisi. Okokuqala sengathi izinqumo babe FTTN futhi FTTC. Isixazululo lokuqala kuze kube manje isetshenziswa kuphela njengendlela esheshayo nokusebenzisa isabelomali lapho kukhona ingqalasizinda ukusatshalaliswa yethusi laying ka yokukhanya kumane ezingenanzuzo. Ubunzima elihlobene ne isinqumo esinjalo, zaziwa kubo bonke: ikhwalithi embi namasevisi ahlobene izinkinga ezithile izintambo zethusi ezisebusweni indle, imincele abalulekile ngesivinini futhi nenombolo yokuxhumana endaweni ikhebula olulodwa. FTTC kuyinto uhlobo FTTN ethuthukisiwe, engewona nokho nemiphumela ethile engathandeki esingokwemvelo lakamuva. Endabeni FTTC ukusetshenziswa izintambo zethusi ziphathwa kuphela ezakhiweni, okusho ukuthi bangaveziwe izici elimazayo, futhi akudingeki elide umugqa, ukubaluleka has futhi babashayeli zethusi izinga, lasetshenziswa kule ndaba. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele ngesivinini kule ndawo ngaphandle fibre. Lo mnikelo isebenza uma uxhuma ngu FTTx Pon ubuchwepheshe. Lokhu izakhiwo kuhloswe opharetha labo lasebavele ngenkuthalo usebenzisa XDSL ubuchwepheshe, kanye ikhebula opharetha. Ngokusebenzisa ukufaka ekusebenzeni le izakhiwo, abakwazi kuphela ukwehlisa izindleko kodwa futhi ukwandisa isibalo abasebenzisi ixhunyiwe, futhi-bandwidth zabelwe ngamunye wabo. Lolu hlobo uxhumano opharetha Russian amancane-Ethernet-amanethiwekhi kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe, ngenxa yezindleko eliphansi izixazululo zethusi, kanye nesidingo umculi onekhono kakhulu ukufakwa ikhebula optical.

izici

Imibuzo imishini zokubekwa evala ingxenye optical we zokuxhumana ulayini FTTx xPON ubuchwepheshe encike ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

- ukutholakala sizinda okunye noma ukungezwakali kwawo;

- umthamo engaphakathi endlini imishini esebenzayo;

- inani lababhalisile exhunywe;

- nezinye.

Ochwepheshe bathi kukhona ngezigaba kudivayisi ethile kakhulu FTTx-esibulalayo, ehambisana iphuzu "x". Isethi ezihlongozwayo amasevisi kuncike uhlobo kanye nenani interface asetshenziswe idivayisi esibulalayo, futhi indlela ukulawula traffic. Lapho isidingo sokulondoloza ingqalasizinda ekhona kufanele aqondiswe FTTC / FTTB izinhlelo kokuba optical uplink-interface. izinhlelo ezinjalo ezifanele ukusebenzisa amabhizinisi ezinkulu, izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye izikhungo ibhizinisi, lapho kukhona ingqalasizinda zethusi ekhona.

okutholakele

Senethiwekhi ngoba FTTx ubuchwepheshe buyafaneleka kakhulu ngokuya kwezomnotho uma kwenzeka lokuhlushwa abalulekile amakhasimende ukukhokha noma ukwakhiwa entsha, lapho inhlangano cabling nezindaba lusesesigabeni design. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inethiwekhi Kuye kwahlelwa ukuze iphuzu "x" wabekwa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ikhasimende, okungukuthi party. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa izifunda entsha engcono ulilethe kuze isakhiwo, kuyoba ukhululekile futhi lapho besanda kuqala, futhi esikhathini esizayo. Lo mnikelo isebenza uma uxhuma ngu FTTx xpon ubuchwepheshe.