GEF - kuyini? Izidingo Sikhungo Standard

Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu ufuna ukunikeza ingane yabo abantu bangayithola imfundo esezingeni. Kodwa indlela ukunquma izinga lokuqeqeshwa uma ungenayo ukwenzani pedagogy? Yiqiniso, ngosizo we GEF.

Uyini GEF

Ngayinye ohlelweni lwezemfundo kanye nezikhungo zemfundo evunyiwe uhlu nezidingo ayimpoqo okuhloswe ngaso incazelo ngalinye ezingeni zokuba umuntu aqeqeshelwe amakhono, ikhethelo. Lezi zimfuneko ehlangana njengengxenye amazinga isimo federal zemfundo (GEF), okuyinto evunywe iziphathimandla amandla lokulawula inqubomgomo imfundo.

Implementation nemiphumela izinhlelo zentuthuko ezikoleni zomphakathi kungase kungabi ngaphansana licaciswe ku GEF.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo Russian kusikisela ukuthi ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga ngeke kutholakale imibhalo isimo. GEF - uhlobo isizinda, ngale ndaba lo mfundi unethuba asuka kwelinye izinga lemfundo komunye, efana izitebhisi.

imigomo

amazinga isimo Federal zemfundo zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho isikhala zemfundo Russia; ngokuqhubeka izinhlelo eyinhloko pre-school, lokuqala, lesibili, amakhono kanye imfundo ephakeme.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, GEF unesibopho izici ukuthuthukiswa ngokomoya nangokuziphatha, futhi imfundo.

Izidingo ejwayelekile zemfundo zihlanganisa zokukhokha okuqinile imfundo esabalele zokuba umuntu aqeqeshelwe amakhono, ikhumbula zonke izinhlobo zemfundo nobuchwepheshe zemfundo.

Isisekelo nekutfutfukiswa kwetinhlelo Indlela zemfundo; izihloko izinhlelo, izifundo, izincwadi kanye inkomba izinto; amazinga ukunikezela zezimali imisebenzi zemfundo yezinhlaka ezikhethiwe ukuthi ukwenza ihlelo zemfundo iyona GEF.

Iyini indinganiso imfundo yomphakathi? Okokuqala, kuba izimiso lenhlangano yenqubo ezemfundo izikhungo (izinkulisa, izikole, amakolishi, amanyuvesi, njll). Ngaphandle GEF Akunakwenzeka ukuzivocavoca ukulawula ngokugcinwa komthetho Russian emkhakheni wezemfundo, kanye ukufeza isitifiketi sokugcina futhi Lesisemkhatsini abafundi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenye yezinjongo ukuba GEF yangaphakathi ukuqapha ikhwalithi yefundo. Nge inhlangano imisebenzi kwenzekani namazinga ochwepheshe methodological, kanye nezitifiketi othisha kanye nabanye abasebenzi zezikhungo zemfundo.

Ukuqeqeshwa, ukuphinda uqeqesho kanye ukuqeqeshwa kwezinga eliphakeme lezisebenzi lemfundo basesivumelwaneni ihogela ithonya namazinga isimo.

Isakhiwo kanye nokuqaliswa

umthetho Federal yanquma ukuthi ejwayelekile ngamunye kumelwe nakanjani zihlanganisa ezintathu izinhlobo izidingo.

Okokuqala, izidingo zemfundo Uhlelo isakhiwo (ratio izingxenye Uhlelo main nevolumu isilinganiso ngibopha isabelo sabo nokuthi leyongxenye esenzelwa abahlanganyeli inqubo yemfundo).

Okwesibili, nemibandela Ukuqaphela futhi kuncike nezidingo elawula (kuhlanganise womuntu, ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe).

Okwesithathu, umphumela. Uhlelo lonke zemfundo kufanele balolonge izincazelo abafundi '(kuhlanganise professional) zamakhono. Umsebenzi we GEF senzelwe ukuqeqesha ukusebenzisa zonke amakhono nolwazi ukuze ziphumelele futhi isisekelo yabo.

Yiqiniso, le ndinganiso akuyona umthethosisekelo zonke izikhungo zemfundo. Lena kuphela ekuqaleni mpo, nezikhundla oyinhloko sokweluleka. Ezingeni federal ngokusebenzisa GEF uhlelo anolaka zemfundo kuthambekele ekufezeni imininingwane yendawo. A iqhubekisele phambili imfundo ukuletha uhlelo ekupheleleni (enqubeni yokugcina ongabamba iqhaza ngisho abazali nesithakazelo ukuthi kulawulwa umthetho). Ngakho, imfundo Russian kusukela iphuzu methodological umbono kungenziwa emelelwa isikimu:

Standard - ezingeni eseduze zohlelo federal - uhlelo lesikhungo.

Into yokugcina kuhlanganisa izici ezifana:

• kukharikhulamu;
• schedule;
• tinhlelo temisebenti;
• izinto ukuhlolwa;
• ngemihlahlandlela izinto.

Izizukulwane futhi umehluko GEF

Iyini indinganiso kazwelonke, owaziwa kwamaSoviet njengoba imithetho eqinile owawukhona ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa kwafika le dokhumenti ethile wangena force kuphela kowezi-2000.

GEF wabizwa ngokuthi amazinga ngaphambili nje kwezemfundo. Okubizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sokuqala Waqala ukusebenza ngo-2004. Isizukulwane sesibili yasungulwa ngo 2009 (i imfundo yamabanga aphansi), ngo-2010 (for ingqikithi eyinhloko) ngo-2012 (Ukuze konemimoya ephelele).

Ukuze imfundo ephakeme nezindinganiso isimo ezakhiwa ngo-2000. Isizukulwane sesibili, elaba amandla ngo-2005, ibilokhu igxile ekutholeni abafundi zooms. Kusukela 2009 sisungule amazinga amasha, kuhloswe asathuthuka ngamakhono ezivamile kwamasiko futhi professional.

Ngaphambi 2000, i-okukhethekile ngamunye kwachazwa okungenani esibheka ulwazi kanye namakhono ngokuthi umuntu othile kumelwe ifa ukukhulula eyunivesithi. Kamuva, lezi zidingo babe obuqinile.

Yesimanje imfundo yomphakathi ligcinwe kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngo-2013, i-mthetho "Kwezemfundo", owawuthi izinhlelo ezintsha isakhiwa for ephakeme sokufundela futhi imfundo pre-school. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona usimisé saqina wangena into ukulungiswa abasebenzi yesayensi nokufundisa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi amazinga ubudala kusukela GEF? Uyini isizukulwane esisha amazinga?

The main lolwehlukanisa wukuthi emfundweni zanamuhla ephambili ekuthuthukiseni abafundi ibekwe umuntu (abafundi). Wanyamalala umbhalo idokhumenti generalizing imiqondo (Skills, amakhono, ulwazi), ukuba kubekwe izidingo olucacile, ezifana imisebenzi yangempela ziye zavela, okuyinto kufanele bayazi kahle umfundi ngamunye. ukunakwa Omkhulu ikhokhelwa isihloko, imiphumela inter-ndaba futhi siqu.

Kute kufezeke letinhloso abangu elibuyekeziwe amafomu pre-ekhona futhi izinhlobo zemfundo, inikwa amandla yi-ezinobuhlakani zezemfundo isikhala ekilasini (sifundo Yiqiniso).

Ngokwethulwa izinguquko, isizukulwane esisha abafundi - kungcono ukucabanga khulula ngabanye, akwazi ukuzibekela imigomo, uxazulule izinkinga ezibalulekile, ukuthuthukiswa zokudala futhi ikhono ngokwanele ezihlobene ngokoqobo.

Ngubani ehilelekile ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga

Amazinga kufakwe amasha okungenani kanye eminyakeni eyishumi.

GEF imfundo jikelele akhiwa kwimikhakha yemfundo, professional imfundo GEF ingaphinda akhiwa umsebenzi, umsebenzi kanye nokuqeqeshwa izindawo.

ukuthuthukiswa GEF Kwenziwa ikhumbula:

• izidingo oyingozi futhi eside yomuntu;
• ukuthuthukiswa kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi;
• imfundo;
• isiko;
• isayensi;
• ubuchwepheshe;
• sphere umnotfo kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo.

inhlangano Sikhungo futhi methodical emanyuvesi ekuthuthukiseni GEF emfundo ephakeme. project yabo ithunyelwa Ministry of Education, lapho kukhona ingxoxo, sokwenza ushintsho futhi balungise, bese kunikezwa uchwepheshe othile ozimele isikhathi hhayi engaphezu kwemibili amasonto.

umbono Isazi ebuyiselwa Ministry. Futhi waphinda waqala negagasi izingxoxo GEF Council, enquma ukuthi ukuvuma iphrojekthi, nibuyise kubukezwe noma enqatshelwe.

Uma idokhumenti kuzodingeka ukuthi wenze izinguquko, iya ngendlela efanayo zisuka.

imfundo yamabanga aphansi

GEF iqoqo izidingo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza imfundo yamabanga aphansi. Ezintathu ezinkulu - lawa Imiphumela: Design Nokwenziwa. Bonke zibangelwa ezihlobene nokukhula futhi ngabanye izici, futhi saxoxa ngokuya sibeka isisekelo zonke imfundo.

Engxenyeni yokuqala esezingeni ecacisiwe eside ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo eziyisisekelo kokuqala. He is iminyaka emine.

Ngalo, inqobo:

• ithuba ngokulingana imfundo;
• imfundo nesimilo abafundi;
• phambili izinhlelo nemfundo pre-school;
• ukulondolozwa, ukuthuthukiswa kanye kahle isiko sezizwe zonke kuleli zwe;
• yeningi kumiswa;
• kumiswa zindlela yokuhlaziya ukusebenza abafundi 'futhi pedrabotnikov4
• nemibandela ukuthuthukiswa ngabanye ubuntu nokumiswa kwemibandela olukhethekile imfundo (izingane onekhono, nezingane ezikhubazekile).

Emongweni izifundo engabiza indlela isimiso umsebenzi. Kodwa uhlelo imfundo yamabanga aphansi athuthukile umkhandlu methodical lesikhungo.

Engxenyeni GEF yesibili ngesineke kuze kufike ngenxa yemfundo izidingo inqubo. Ikakhulukazi, siqu, meta-ndaba futhi into imiphumela yocwaningo.

Izincomo yokufunda lemiselwe izifundo ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, GEF ku isiRashiya (abaluncela) kwenza nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukwakheka imibono mayelana ukuhlukahluka isikhala ngokolimi yezwe.
2. Ukuqonda lolo limi - kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko kazwelonke.
3. Owenza isimo sengqondo esiqondile sokulungisa amazwi (nekubhala), njengengxenye isiko jikelele.
4. Ukuba yingcweti imithetho ebalulekile ulimi.

Ingxenye yesithathu ichaza isakhiwo imfundo yamabanga aphansi (lwezifundo, imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole, izinhlelo zezikhonzi ngabanye, okubandakanya thematic GEF yokuhlela).

Ingxenye yesine iqukethe izimfuneko ukuqaliswa inqubo yemfundo (kwabasebenzi, ezezimali, Logistics ohlangothini).

Isilinganiso (inani) kumiswa

Ingxenye yokuqala nezidingo standard kancane okuphindaphindiwe wenanela GEF ku imfundo yamabanga aphansi. umehluko omkhulu avele esigabeni sesibili, elibhekene nomse- imiphumela yekufundza. Futhi zibonisa kwezinkambiso ezidingekayo ekukhuleni izinto ezithile, kuhlanganise isiRashiya, izincwadi, olunye ulimi, umlando, wesifundo sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, geography kanye nabanye.

It ligxile ukuthuthukiswa siqu abafundi, ukugqamisa amaphuzu ayinhloko ezifana:

• ukugqugquzela izwe, sigxilisa amagugu yezwe sezizwe ezihlukahlukene;
• kumiswa nemibono, elihambisana ezingeni ngempela;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkambiso kokuphila komphakathi;
• ukuthuthukiswa ukuqonda yobuhle zomhlaba nokunye.

ukuze imisebenzi wokufundisa izidingo isakhiwo nazo ukushintshwa. Kodwa ezigabeni azishintshile: target, eningi futhi yenhlangano.

ezingeni eliphakeme

GEF for yesibili sokufundela imfundo ephakeme lusekelwe izimiso ezifanayo. umehluko obonakalayo yabo, isakhiwo, imigomo kanye nokudingekile Imiphumela ukuqaliswa zingase zingabi abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene emfundo okufanayo.

Ngesisekelo imfundo professional isilinganiso kunguJesu esikwazi zamakhono, isb abantu akuzona ulwazi nje, kodwa lolu lwazi ikhono lokulawula. Ngesikhathi ophumayo abaphothule kufanele azikhulumi "ukwazi ukuthi" futhi "wazi kanjani".

Ngesisekelo GEF ngokuvamile esamukelekile isikhungo ngasinye eba noHlelo, ukugxila ekolishi yabo core noma inyuvesi, khona amakhono athile yokudla, njll

Methodological UMkhandlu ikhumbule zonke izincomo eMnyango Wezemfundo kanye usebenza ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe. Nokho, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-ze izinhlelo ezithile, izikole ngawezakhamizi neziphathimandla zendawo kanye noMnyango ensimini Ezemfundo (republic, indawo).

Institutions kufanele inake nekusebentisa izincomo mayelana izinto ukuqeqeshwa (isib, izincwadi GEF wathatha endaweni yalo efanele imitapo), ukuhlela thematic, njll

ukugxekwa

Endleleni eya imvume GEF esiye sabhekana izibuyekezo eziningi, kodwa ngisho njengoba injalo manje, izinguquko imfundo wathola ayethule omningi ukugxekwa, futhi wathola nakakhulu.

Eqinisweni, ezingqondweni Onjiniyela we standard, uzoholela ekutheni ubunye zonke ukwakheka Russian. Kwathi okuphambene. Othile ezitholakala kule dokhumenti elithola, abanye bawo. Abafundisi nezazi eziningi ngubani zisetshenziselwa kudala, inguquko nzima nemithetho emisha. GEF izincwadi liphakamisa imibuzo. Nokho, zonke kungatholakala izinto ezinhle. Umphakathi wanamuhla akuyona esikhundleni, imfundo kumele ushintshe, futhi ushintshe kuye ngezidingo zakhe.

Omunye izikhalazo main mayelana GEF bebelokhu okubekwe ngayo elikhulu, ukuntula imigomo ecacile futhi izidingo zangempela, okuyinto ndawonye kwethulwa phambi abafundi. Uvele lonke iqembu. GEF kwakufanele afunde yonke into, kodwa ukucaciseleka njengoba ukukwenza, njalo kwakungelamuntu oyinika. Futhi nalezi othisha kanye nochwepheshe methodological kwadingeka ukuba asingathe emkhakheni, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo semfundo zonke kunesidingo.

Izihloko wakhuliswa GEF futhi uzovuka njengoba izisekelo ubudala, lapho ikakhulukazi kumiswa ulwazi bezimi impela emphilweni ngamunye. amazinga okusha efanayo linqobe abaluthole professional kanye nomphakathi kuyoba isikhathi eside ukuthola indlela abaphikisi babo.

yi

Ukuthuthukisa GEF sasingagwemeki. Njengazo zonke izinto zibe zintsha, standard uye wabangela eziningi izingxabano. Nokho, izinguquko zenzeka. Ukuze uqonde kuba yimpumelelo noma cha, okungenani, kufanele ulinde ukuba kukhululwe lokuqala abafundi. Imiphumela wesiKhashana kukhona uninformative kule ndaba.

Okwamanje, yebo, eyodwa kuphela - umsebenzi kathisha liye lenyuka.