Herman Melville "i-Moby Dick noma White Whale": isifinyezo. "I-Moby Dick" - inoveli esekelwe endabeni yeqiniso

Namuhla sibheka edume kakhulu wakhetha umbhali American Herman Melville, noma kunalokho isifinyezo yakhe. "I-Moby Dick noma White Whale" - inoveli esekelwe nezenzakalo zangempela. Wawuthi ngonyaka 19651.

Mayelana nebhuku

"I-Moby Dick noma White Whale" (isifinyezo Uyoletha ngezansi) isibe umkhiqizo main we H. Melville, ummeleli we-American Romanticism. Lokhu inoveli igcwele inkulumo eziningi lyrical, has izinkomba izifundo zeBhayibheli, iwuphawu ngokuchichimayo. Mhlawumbe yilesi sizathu esenza ukuba ayizange yamukelwe ngu besikhathi sakhe. Ngiphakathi baxgeki noma abafundi aliqondi umsebenzi ukujula. Kuphela 20s noveli kwekhulu lama-20, uma isivuliwe, ekhokha intela kwabase-ithalenta umlobi.

Umlando sokudalwa

Le noveli yayisekelwe nezenzakalo zangempela ukuthi kokuvuma umthole oyoxoxa emfushane. Herman Melville ( "i-Moby Dick" kwaba esiqongweni lakhe lokusungula) wathatha njengoba isisekelo imisebenzi esenzeka kanye umkhumbi "Essex". Lokhu umkhumbi wafika ukudoba 1819 e Massachusetts. Njengoba abaningi njengoba ingxenye crew eyingoduso e Whaling, kwaze kwaba ngosuku oluthile awusebenzi abuqede elikhulu isidoda whale. Novemba 20, 1820 umkhumbi rammed ngu umkhomo izikhathi ezimbalwa.

Ngemva umkhumbi ngasinda 20 amatilosi, ngubani ephethwe izikebhe ukufinyelela isiqhingi Henderson, okwakukhona ngaleso sikhathi lingenamuntu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abanye abasindile waya beyofuna ezwekazini, la ukuphumula Kwasala. Abavakashi yonke izinsuku 95 ezulazula kolwandle. Basinda ezimbili kuphela - induna nomunye crewman. Bona wacosha whaler. Babekhuluma ngalokho okwakwenzekile kubo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emakhasini inoveli ithole isipiliyoni siqu Melville, owahamba ngomkhumbi Whaling futhi eminyakeni nesigamu. Abaningi babangane bakhe babe amaqhawe ke inoveli. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye wabanikazi bomkhumbi sengathi isebenza ngaphansi kwegama uBhilidadi.

Indaba efingqiwe: "i-Moby Dick noma White Whale" (Melville)

I protagonist - insizwa u-Ishmayeli. Anakho enkingeni eqinile ngokwezimali, futhi ukuphila ezweni kancane kancane ukuba casula kuye. Ngakho wenza isiqunto sokuya kwi whaler, lapho ungenza imali enhle, futhi nesithukuthezi ngakho olwandle engenakwenzeka.

Nantucket - omdala American ethekwini edolobheni. Nokho, ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ke saphela isikhungo ngobukhulu ukudoba, ke kwaphoqa omncane. Nokho, u-Ishmayeli kubalulekile ukuthi bahlanganyele isitsha ngempela lapha.

Endleleni eya Nantucket Ishmayeli wayeka kwelinye idolobha port. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana emigwaqweni we babeyizidlova, abafika ezitsheni zasolwandle esiqhingini esithile engaziwa. Umthamo zezitsha zakhiwe omkhulu emihlathini whale. Futhi abamemezeli emabandleni, ukukhuphuka isitebhisi emnyangweni.

Esikhathini ehhotela le nsizwa ihlangana Queequeg, inhlendla-abomdabu. Ngokushesha okukhulu, nalabo bantu baba abangane abahle, ngakho sanquma ukungenela umkhumbi ndawonye.

"Pequod"

Kuba nje ekuqaleni isifinyezo. "I-Moby Dick noma White Whale" - inoveli, ebanjwa uthayi edolobheni eliyitheku Nantucket lapho Ishmayeli nomngani wakhe omusha yaqasha umkhumbi "Pequod". Whaler elungiselela circumnavigation, okuyinto izothatha iminyaka engu-3.

Ishmayeli baba indaba eyaziwayo ukaputeni womkhumbi. Ahabi indiza zokugcina, ukuba bacabangisise umkhomo, walahlekelwa umlenze. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, waba ucindezelekile futhi morose, futhi esikhathini esiningi azifake egunjini lakhe. Endleleni aphume indiza, njengoba amatilosi uthi, Bengingekho engqondweni yami isikhashana.

Nokho, lokhu namanye izenzakalo eziyinqaba ezihilela isitsha, Ishmayeli akazange unamathisele anencazelo ekhethekile. Njengoba ababehlangana kulelo pier ongamazi osolisayo abaqala ukubikezela ngokufa "Pequod" futhi lonke iqembu lakhe, le nsizwa wanquma ukuthi kwakuyilo nje isinxibi futhi kwengobe. A ezingacacile amnyama bobunjwa, ebusuku, wagxumela esemkhunjini, bese efana isixazululo phezu kwakhe, wacabanga nje kuwukuzikhohlisa imicabango yabo.

ukaputeni

Babhekwa elihlobene ne ukaputeni umkhumbi sakhe sigcizelelwe isifinyezo. "I-Moby Dick" uya uAhabi laphuma azifake egunjini lakhe nje kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala kohambo. Ishmayeli bembona futhi washaywa esigayegayeni induna unamathelise i ubuhlungu Amazing kwangaphakathi ngobuso.

Ikakhulukazi induna eyodwa-ezinemilenze ongazibamba ibhalansi phakathi ewa oqinile emphemeni amabhodi wanqunywa izimbobo ezincane ku wasifaka umlenze wakhe wokufakelwa eyenziwe Ngomhlathi we a sperm whale.

Ukaputeni uyala amatilosi ongazibheka umkhomo emhlophe. Ahabi akekho ukhuluma, kuba avaliwe futhi kudinga umyalo kokulalela ngokungathandabuzi nokuthembela ukukhishwa okusheshayo oda yakhe. Eziningi zalezi imiyalo kubangele badideke abangaphansi, kodwa ukaputeni wenqaba ukuchaza lutho. Ishmayeli waqonda ukuthi udangele reverie induna lurks ezinye imfihlo amnyama.

Ngokokuqala ngqá e kolwandle

"I-Moby Dick" - incwadi, sifinyeto okuyinto mayelana imizwa ukuthi omunye nakho, kuqala wadedelwa ngo kolwandle. UIshmayeli eduze ubukele ukuphila emkhunjini Whaling. Melville unika le ncazelo yokuthi eziningi isikhala emakhasini wakhetha. Lapha ungathola izincazelo amathuluzi asizayo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nemithetho, kanye namasu eziyisisekelo ukuzingela imikhomo, nezindlela zalokho akhishwa izinhlanzi spermaceti - into ehlanganisa ukudla amafutha ezilwane.

Kukhona ezahlukweni inoveli, okuyinto abazinikele ezihlukahlukene amabhuku mayelana imikhomo, izakhiwo survey whale imisila, imithombo, skeleton. Kukhona ngisho nokuphathwa kwegama isidoda imikhomo wenza imifanekiso eyenziwe ngetshe, ithusi kanye nezinye izinto. Kuyo yonke le noveli umbhali ifaka ulwazi mayelana nemvelo ezingafani ezisetshenziswa yila ezincelisayo okungavamile.

igolide doubloon

Siyaqhubeka isifinyezo. "I-Moby Dick" - inoveli, interesting hhayi kuphela ukubhekisela kwalo izinto futhi ulwazi mayelana imikhomo, kodwa futhi Iyindaba ehlaba umxhwele. Ngakho, uma u-Ahabi ebutha lonke iqembu 'Pequod ", okuyinto ubona abethelwe aqinise ensikeni yaso we doubloon igolide. Ukaputeni libike ukuthi uhlamvu lwemali uzoya labo abangababiziweyo abakubona kuqala kusondela umkhomo emhlophe. Lokhu-albino isidoda whale ayeyazi whalers okuthiwa i-Moby Dick. Usikisela amatilosi nengebhe wawuhlukunyezwe zabo, ubukhulu omkhulu futhi ngobuqili engakaze ibonwe. isikhumba sakhe simboziwe nezibazi kusukela harpoons, njengoba ayevame ukwenza weza ukulwa nabantu, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi baphume kulo winner. Lokhu Ukumelana Amazing, ngokuvamile yaphela ngemva kokufa isitsha kanye nezisebenzi, whalers ejwayele ungazami uyithola.

Mayelana umhlangano esabekayo Ahabi futhi i-Moby Dick ekutshela isifinyezo sezinto izahluko. Herman Melville ichaza ukuthi induna walahlekelwa umlenze wakhe lapho, liphakathi esikebheni, ngezinye ukufutheka baphuthuma-sperm whale ngommese esandleni sakhe. Ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo induna libike ukuthi wayezomvusa ukuxosha whale white nje ngeke ivele isidumbu ngaphandle komkhumbi.

Sebekuzwa Starbuck, umngane womshado kuqala, induna umhlola. Uthi ukuthi kuwubuwula okuziphindiselela kokufaneleka okungenangqondo yezenzo okufanele zenziwe izimisele elalela a isazela abayizimpumputhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule kukhona ukuhlambalaza. Kodwa induna, bese lonke iqembu isiqala ukubona ngesimo emhlophe whale samuntu okubi jikelele. Bathumela isiqalekiso ukuze-sperm whale aphuze igazi lakhe. Lilodwa gumbi umfana PIP Negro, sithandaze kuNkulunkulu, ecela ukuvikelwa laba bantu.

ushushiso

Isifinyezo imisebenzi "i-Moby Dick noma White Whale" utshela indaba indlela "Pequod" beqala ukuhlangana isidoda imikhomo. Amanzi kokuqala ukwehlisa emikhunjini, futhi okwamanje kukhona labo izipoki amnyama oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke - ithimba siqu ka-Ahabi, ukubuthwa South Asians. Kuze kube kuleli qophelo Ahabi wabafihla wonke umuntu, ukugcina esenqabeni. Nezitulo amatilosi engavamile indoda eliyingozi ezibukeka oseqinile nje ngeminyaka okuthiwa Fedalla.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi induna has Moby kuphela Dick, ngeke ayishiye ngokuphelele ekuzingeleni nezinye imikhomo. Ngakho-ke, lo mkhumbi uhlale okuzingela nemigqomo egcwele spermaceti. Lapho "Pequod" livela kanye nezinye izitsha, induna lokuqala zonke ucela ukuthi amatilosi wabona umkhomo emhlophe. Ngokuvamile ekuphenduleni ukuzwa izindaba mayelana nendlela i-Moby Dick babulewe noma abagogekile umuntu kusukela iqembu.

Yizwa isiprofetho entsha elithusayo: uyahlanya itilosi nge elinegciwane isitsha ubhubhane uxwayisa iqembu ikusasa abahlambalazi ubani onesibindi ujoyine belwa samuntu ulaka lukaNkulunkulu.

Ngolunye usuku isiphetho kuletha "Pequod" nge esinye isitsha, ogama induna harpooned-Moby Dick, kodwa umphumela waba eyayilimele sina futhi walahlekelwa yingalo. UAhabi wasesithi kulowo muntu. It kuvela ukuthi akazimisele okuziphindiselela whale. Nokho, wabika izixhumanisi lapho umkhumbi ishayisane imikhomo.

Starbuck ezama ukuba baxwayise ukaputeni, kodwa konke ngeze. Ahabi ekutshela ziqhubekele inhlendla we steel sekukaningi ezisebusweni isitsha. Futhi ekudambiseni isikhali esesabekayo kuyigazi harpooners ezintathu.

isiprofetho

Zonke esengeziwe ukaputeni neqembu lakhe baba uphawu okubi-Moby Dick (i-Moby Dick). Incazelo emfishane ligxile izenzakalo ezenzeka nge Queequeg, Ishmayeli umngane. Inhlendla ukugula umsebenzi onzima elinomswakama futhi uzizwa ukufa okusheshayo. Wabuza u-Ishmayeli ukuze amenzele isikebhe emingcwabo uma umzimba wakhe ngabe glided emagagasini. Lapho Queequeg ivuliwe lungisa, isikebhe unqume ukwenza ebhokisini ukuphila.

Ebusuku Fedalla yazisa uCaptain isiprofetho esabekayo. Ngaphambi ushona, u-Ahabi ebona Hearse ezimbili ezingafani: kuletha - ezenziwe ngesandla esinamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu, owesibili - kusuka ugodo American. A induna kungabangela ukufa Hemp kuphela. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba lokho kumelwe afe Fedalla. Ahabi akakholelwa - esemdala kakhulu ukuba esigodweni.

isilinganiselo

ubufakazi obengeziwe bokuthi umkhumbi kuyeza indawo lapho i-Moby Dick uhlala. Amazwibela by sahluko sichaza kunesivunguvungu esinamandla. Starbuck uyaqiniseka ukuthi induna izohamba ukufa, kodwa akusho alinge ukubulala Ahabi, ukwethembana ukudalelwa.

Ngo isiphepho emkhunjini ihlangana omunye umkhumbi - "URachel". Ukaputeni umtshela ukuthi nokujaha-Moby Dick ngaphambili, futhi sicelwa ukuba siyosiza Ahabi kusesho indodana yakhe eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, wakhukhuleka kanye whaleboat. Nokho, induna "Pequod" enqaba.

Ekugcineni, ngo-ibanga bubonakala kwelunda emhlophe. Ezinsukwini ezintathu kokuphishekela isikebhe whale. Futhi "Pequod" bulifikela. Kodwa i-Moby Dick ngokushesha uhlasela futhi Ukulunywa e induna ezimbili whaleboat. Ngobukhulu ubunzima, nguye ophethe ukulondoloza. Ukaputeni ulungele ukuqhubekela ekuzingeleni, kodwa ikhithi isivele ilele kude nawo.

Ngu ekuseni-sperm whale uhambisane futhi. Moby Dick uphahlaze whaleboat ezimbili. Drowning amatilosi uyeza ebhodini, kuba sobala ukuthi ulahlekile Fedalla. Ahabi waqala ukumesaba, wayekhumbula Njengokusho kwalesi siprofetho, kodwa ukulahla umshushisi bengayi.

Ngosuku lwesithathu

Beckons ngoba ukaputeni we-Moby Dick. Amazwibela kuwo wonke amakhanda linikeza isithombe sokuthi ukwazi ngekusasa udangele, kodwa u-Ahabi elihlanyiswa isifiso sakhe. Keith futhi ebhubhisa whaleboats eziningana futhi ezama ukuhamba, kodwa u-Ahabi ku-isikebhe esisodwa sisangiphatha kabi naye. Khona-sperm whale uphendulela nezinqama "Pequod". Lo mkhumbi iqala ukwehla. Ahabi Ufaka inhlendla zokugcina whale kwalimala ngokucijile kude kuya ukujula futhi lidlulisela ukugaxela induna Hemp intambo. Lo mkhumbi sifika uphondo, futhi ukudansela isiginci sakhe futhi whaleboat zokugcina, lapho u-Ishmayeli.

umphumela

Kuphela Ishmayeli akusali salo lonke iqembu emkhunjini Melville. Moby Dick (isifinyezo kuqinisekisa ke), kwalimala kodwa uyaphila aphume olwandle olujulile.

Uhlamvu main ukusinda ngokuyisimangaliso. Into kuphela engazange emkhunjini - ekhungathekile futhi engenamusa ngetiyela lomngcwabo komngane wakhe. Kwaba ngalolu suku ukwakhiwa hero lucwaningo phakathi olwandle, waze wawuthola amatilosi emkhunjini "URachel." Induna le isitsha wayesalokhu benethemba lokuthola ingane yakhe ebilahlekile.