Heyerdahl Tour: izincwadi, travel kanye biography. Ubani u-Tour Heyerdahl?

Siphakamisa namhlanje ukuthi wazi omunye wabantu abadumile kakhulu ekhulwini lama-XX - uTher Heyerdahl. Lo mlando we-Norwegian anthropologist udume emhlabeni jikelele ngezinkambo zakhe ezindaweni ezingavamile kanye nezincwadi eziningi ezinikezwe ekuhambeni kwakhe nasekucwaningweni kwesayensi. Futhi uma iningi labantu bakithi liyazi impendulo yombuzo othi ungubani u-Tour Heyerdahl, abambalwa bayayazi imininingwane yempilo yakhe siqu nomsebenzi wakhe wezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, sizojwayelana nale ndoda enkulu eduze.

U-Heyerdahl Tour: isithombe, ubuntwana

Usosayensi nomhambi owaziwayo emhlabeni ozayo wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 6, 1914 edolobhaneni elincane laseNorway okuthiwa iLarvik. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi emndenini wakwaHeyerdahl kwakungokwesiko ukubhekisela kumadodana njengoTur. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthi inhloko yomndeni - umnikazi we-brewery, kanye nomama - abasebenza emnyuziyamu we-anthropological, umshado wabo wawungowesithathu olandelanayo, futhi sebevele bakhulela izingane eziyisikhombisa, yindodana encane kakhulu eyayiqunyiwe ukuba ibizwe ngokuthi igama lomndeni Tour. Ubaba, esevele eseyindoda eneminyaka ephakathi (ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe eneminyaka engu-50 ubudala), wayenemali eyanele futhi wahamba ngenjabulo enkulu eYurophu. Ekuhambeni kwakhe, ngokuqinisekile wathatha lo mfana. Umama naye wayebathanda i-Tours futhi hhayi nje wamncenga nge-caress nokukhathalela, kodwa futhi wahlanganyela emfundweni yakhe. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi lo mfana washeshe wavusa isithakazelo ezintweni zemvelo. Ukushiseka nokukhuthazeka okunjalo kwabazali kwaholela ekubeni uHeyerdahl Tour wadala imyuziyamu encane yemvelo ekhaya, umbukiso omkhulu kakhulu owawungumcibisholo wezinyoka. Kukhona izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezilethwe emazweni akude. Ngakho akumangazi ukuthi lezi zivakashi zafika emndenini wakwaHeyerdahl hhayi nje ngekomishi yetiyi, kodwa ukuhamba okufutshane.

Intsha

Ngemva kokushiya isikole ngo-1933, uHeyerdahl Tour wabhalisa eNyuvesi yase-Oslo e-Faculty of Zoology, ukuthi akekho nohlobo lwezihlobo zakhe olumangala. Ngenkathi efunda eyunivesithi, wazinika isikhathi esiningi ezenzweni zakhe ezithandwayo, kodwa kancane kancane waba nemasiko namasiko asendulo. Kwakuyizinyanga lapho efika esiphethweni sokuthi indoda yanamuhla ikhohliwe ngokuphelele ngemikhuba eminyaka leminyaka kanye nemilayezo, eyagcina iholela ochungechungeni lwezimpi ezixoshiwe. Ngendlela, u-Tour wahlala ethembele kulokhu kuze kufike izikhathi zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe.

Ukulangazelela ukuzulazula

Ekupheleni kwamasonto ayisikhombisa uHeyerdahlu uba nesithukuthezi enyuvesi. Phela, ngaleso sikhathi wayesebenolwazi olunembile lwama-encyclopedic, amanye awaluthola kubazali bakhe, futhi ingxenye yalo yaqondwa ukutadisha kwakhe okuzimele ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene. Uphupha ukwenza ucwaningo lwakhe futhi ahambisane nohambo oluya eziqhingini eziqhele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abangane bakhe kanye nabaphathi, i-Yalmar Broch noKristin Bonnevi, ababehlangana nabo ohambweni oluya eBerlin, babelungele ukusiza ukuhlela ukuhambela eziQhingini zasePolynesian ukuze bathole ukuthi abantu abaphila kulezi zindawo babeba khona kanjani namuhla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lolu hambo lwalusosayensi osencane hhayi nje ukujabulisa okuthakazelisayo, kodwa futhi nohambo lomshado. Phela, ngaphambi kokuhamba ngesikebhe u-Heyerdal Tour washada nomfundi we-Faculty of Economics - i-Liv Kusheron-Thorpe enhle. U-Liv wayengumuntu onjengoba umyeni wakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akazange ahambe nohambo oluhambelanayo kuphela, kodwa naye wayengumsizi othembekile kuye, ngoba ngaphambili wayefunde izincwadi eziningi ezinikezwa ezweni zezilwane nasePolynesia.

Uhambo oluya ku-Fatou-Khiva

Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1937 uHeyerdahl Tour nomkakhe uLay bafika emaphethelweni ase-Polynesian eFatu-Khiva. Lapha bafunda ukusinda endle, bahlangana nabahlali bendawo futhi bahlanganyela ocwaningweni lwesayensi. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka odlule lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka ukuphazamise ukuhambela kwabo. Iqiniso liwukuthi u-Tour wathola isifo esiyingozi kakhulu, futhi uLiv wakhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1938, abacwaningi abasha babuyela eNorway. Ngakho wagcina uhambo lokuqala lwe-Heyerdahl oyinhloko. Watshele ngalolu hambo encwadini yakhe ethi "In Search of Paradise", ekhishwe ngo-1938. Ngo-1974, i-Tour yakhipha inguqulo ekhulisiwe yalomsebenzi, owabizwa ngokuthi "uFatu-Khiva."

Ukuya eCanada

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokubuya eFatu-Khiva, uLib ubeletha indodana eyayibizwa ngokuthi iTour ngokulandela isiko lomndeni. Ngonyaka owodwa kamuva, indodana yesibili, uBjörn, yazalwa. Inhloko yomndeni yaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wesayensi, kodwa kancane kancane abantu baqala ukumthatha, hhayi izilwane. Ngakho-ke, isosayensi-isazi sezinkanyezi esashiya iPolynesia sabuyela ezweni lakubo njengomuntu wesayensi yabantu. Umgomo wakhe omusha kwakuwukufuna impendulo yombuzo wokuthi i-Incas yasendulo ingayithola kanjani esuka eMelika ukuya ePolynesia. Noma mhlawumbe kwakungeyona into ehlukile? Ngakho-ke, uHeyerdahl unquma ukuya eCanada, ezindaweni lapho amaNdiya ayehlala khona. Wayelindele ukuthi izinganekwane zasendulo mayelana nabagibeli bezimoto zingagcinwa lapha. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthi i-Tour yahamba lonke elaseNtshonalanga yeCanada, akazange akwazi ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo.

Impi Yezwe II

Phakathi nohambo lweHeyerdahl eCanada, iMpi Yezwe II yaqala. Ukuba i-patriot yangempela, i-Tour yayifuna ukuvikela izwe lakubo esitheni. Ukuze enze lokhu, wathuthela e-United States futhi wangenela inkonzo yezempi. Phakathi nempi, umndeni wakwaHeyerdahl wawuhlala kuqala e-United States, bese uhambela e-UK.

Ukuvakasha kukaHeyerdahl: ukuhambela kuka "Kon-Tiki"

Ngo-1946, usosayensi uthanda umbono omusha: ukholelwa ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo, amaNdiya aseMelika ayengadonsa eziqhingini zasePacific Ocean ngemikhumbi. Naphezu kokusabela okungalungile kwababhali-mlando, i-Tour ihlela uhambo olubizwa nge- "Kon-Tiki" futhi libonisa ukuthi lilungile. Ngemuva kwalokho, yena neqembu lakhe bakwazi ukufika echwebeni lasePeru baya eziqhingini zase-Taumotu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abaningi ososayensi ngokuvamile benqaba ukukholelwa yilokho uhambo kuze kube yilapho bebona idokhumenti efakwe ngesikhathi sokuhambela. Ebuyela ekhaya, uHeyerdahl wahlukanisa nomkakhe uViith, owashada ngokushesha noMelika ocebile. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, lo mbhangqwana washada no-Ivonne Dedekam-Simonsen, owabeletha amadodakazi amathathu kamuva.

Uhambo oluya e-Easter Island

UHeyerdahl wayengakaze ahlale endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Ngakho, ngo-1955 wahlela umlando wokuvubukula eSikhumulweni se-Easter. Kwakuhlanganisa abavubukuli bezobuchwepheshe baseNorway. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, u-Tour kanye nosebenza nabo bachitha izinyanga ezimbalwa esiqhingini, behlola izindawo ezibalulekile zokuvubukulwa. Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko emisebenzini yabo kunikezwe ukuhlolwa ekudwebeni, ukuhambisa nokufaka izithombe ezidumile ze-moai. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi babemba ezindaweni eziphakeme zasePoike nase-Orongo. Ngokomphumela womsebenzi wabo, amalungu enkambiso yanyathelisa izihloko eziningi zesayensi ezaqala ukutadisha i-Easter Island, eqhubeka nanamuhla. Futhi u-Tour Heyerdahl, ogama lakhe lihlale lijabulela impumelelo enkulu, wabhala enye engcono kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi "Aku-Aku."

"Ra" no "Ra II"

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-60, i-Tour Heyerdahl ithathwe ngombono wokuhamba kolwandle ngesikebhe esenziwe nge-papyrus. Ngomnyaka we-1969, umhloli wezinto ezingapheliko wahamba ngomkhumbi, owenzelwe ngokulandela imidwebo yaseGibithe yasendulo, ebizwa ngokuthi "Ra" ukuhamba ngaphesheya kweLwandle i-Atlantic. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuthi isikebhe senziwa emhlangaseni waseTopiya, savele ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho amalungu ohambo ayefanele abuyele emuva.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, isikebhe sesibili, esibizwa ngokuthi uRa II, sathunyelwa emanzini. Kwaqedelwa ukucabangela amaphutha wangaphambilini. I-Tour Heyerdahl iphinde iphinde iphumelele, ibhukuda esuka eMorocco iya eBarbados. Ngakho-ke, wakwazi ukufakazela emhlabeni ukuthi isayensi yesayensi yasendulo yayikwazi ukugibela ngaphesheya kolwandle ngaphansi kwezilwandle, besebenzisa i-Canary Current. Expedition "Ra II" yayihlanganisa abameleli bamazwe ahlukene, phakathi kwabo kwakuyizivakashi ezidumile zaseSoviet u- Yuri Senkevich.

ITigris

Esinye isikebhe esaziwayo yi-Tour Heyerdahl ebizwa ngokuthi "Tigris". Umcwaningi wakha lesi sikebhe ngomhlanga ngo-1977. Umzila wendwendwe uvela e-Iraq waya emaphethelweni asePakistan, bese ufika oLwandle Olubomvu. Ngenxa yalolu hambo olwandle, uhambo lwe- Tour Heyerdahl lwalufakazela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona oxhumana nabo bezokuhweba nokufuduka phakathi kweMesopotamiya kanye nempucuko yaseNdiya. Lapho sekuqedile ukuhamba, lo mhloli washisa umkhumbi wakhe ngokuphikisana nokulwa.

Umcwaningi ongaphenduliwe

Uhambo lukaHeyerdahl lwalulangazelela ukuvakasha. Akazange azishintshe eneminyaka engama-80. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1997, isizwe sethu kanye nomhlanganyeli we-"Ra II" - u-Yuri Senkevich - waya emhlanganweni nomngane omdala. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwakhe lwe- "The Travelers Club", wabonisa izilaleli lapho uView Heyerdahl ehlala khona. Iqhawe le ndaba likhulume ngamaphuzu akhe amaningi, phakathi kwawo kwakukhona olunye uhambo oluya e-Easter Island.

Iminyaka yamuva

Ukuvakasha kukaHeyerdahl, owakhe ocebile kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zemicimbi, wahlala ekhuthele futhi ethanda impilo ngisho nasebudala kakhulu. Lokhu kusebenza nokuphila kwakhe siqu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1996, eneminyaka engu-82 ubudala, usosayensi odumile nomcwaningi wahlukanisa nomkakhe wesibili futhi washada nomdlali weFrance uJacqueline Beer. Yena kanye nomkakhe, wathuthela eTenerife, lapho athenge khona indlu enkulu, eyakhiwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu edlule. Lapha wayejabule ukuhlanganyela engadini futhi waze wamqinisekisa ukuthi wayengeke abe yilazi zezinto eziphilayo.

I-Tour Heyerdahl enkulu yafa ngonyaka ka-2002 eneminyaka engu-87 ubudala kusukela ebuhlungu besisu. Ezikhathini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe wayezungezwe umkakhe wesithathu kanye nezingane zakhe ezinhlanu.