Izinqaba oMdala Ukraine. Izinqaba Eziyizigodlo Ezimangalisayo Ukraine

Castle ngokuthi isakhiwo medieval ukuthi owake wakhonza njengomdala yokuhlala ezinezivikelo eziqinile amakhosi asendulo. Ngokuvamile kuba eziyinkimbinkimbi esikhulu, okubandakanya kwezomnotho, likhaya izakhiwo ukuzivikela.

Izinqaba elase-Ukraine kusukela 11 kuya 19 leminyaka

E-Ukraine, yaqala ukwakha izinqaba kusukela ngekhulu le-11. Babeqale zazenziwe ngokhuni. Ngezinye izikhathi futhi lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi embankments eqinisa. Kwaba ekhulwini le-13 kuphela, itshe zaqala ukusetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe izinqaba. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, iningi izinqaba ezinjalo zalahlekelwa nokubaluleka kwazo. zabanikazi baye bathuthela zibelula ukuhlala zamakhosi. Esikhathini 19 itshe ekhulwini eyihlane, castle dengwane wasetshenziswa kakhulu njengendlela yokwakha.

Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izivakashi sivala

I okuthakazelisa kunakho konke lokusinda lezi zaba yizincithakalo izinqaba yilezi ezilandelayo izinqaba Ukraine:

• Kamenetz-Podolsk (Khmelnytsky esifundeni).
• Lutsk (naseVolyn esifundeni).
• Dubno (Rivne esifundeni).
• Olesko (saseLviv).
• Skalatsky (Ternopil esifundeni).
• Khotyn (Chernivtsi esifundeni).
• Palanok (esifundeni yaseTranscarpathia).
• Ackerman (Odessa esifundeni).
• Uzhgorod (Zakarpattia esifundeni).
• Zolochiv (saseLviv).
• Schönborn (esifundeni yaseTranscarpathia).

Lona izinqaba amahle kakhulu e-Ukraine uyakufanelekela ngokuvakashela izivakashi kanye ukunakwa isimo.

Kamenetz-Podolsk eziyinkimbinkimbi

Lokhu iyona edume kunayo ebiyelweyo isakhiwo ephakathi Ukraine mhlawumbe. Yakhelwe Kamenetz-Podolsk, enqabeni kwakunjalo ekhulwini XIV. izikhulu Lithuanian. Kusukela 1434 eyinkimbinkimbi yathathwa yi nabasePoland nase wawumatasa esetshenziswa njengoba isakhiwo ukuzivikela zempi namabutho Turkish-Tatar. Ekuqaleni le nqaba wayemi emnyango emzini. Yakhiwa kwezinkuni. Stone izakhiwo uvele ekhulwini XVI.

Ekhulwini XIX. Kamensk-Podolsky castle walahlekelwa ukubaluleka alo ezempi, kanye Museum-Reserve lavulwa ngo-ke. Lokhu kubukeka eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengabanye izinqaba eziningi naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine, ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele imibono yomuntu yesimanje kwi ebiyelweyo inqaba ephakathi, Ngakho-ke futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa uma ngokudubula amafilimu zomlando. Isibonelo, lokhu yilapho ukudubula ifilimu "Taras Bulba" futhi "elibiyiwe".

Lutsk castle

Yakhelwe lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaba Lithuanian isikhulu Lubaty ekhulwini XIV. esizeni i izinqaba ezindala zamapulangwe esakhiwe ekhulwini XIV. Ngo-2011, Lutsk castle elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe we Izimangaliso-Ukraine. Kuyo yonke le ndawo yayikhona, eyinkimbinkimbi ayizange athathe amabutho Polish, noma isi-Galicia Army.

Njengazo zonke sivala Ukraine, Lutsk ebiyelwe ngodonga lwamatshe nge imibhoshongo lemahlanganweni, okuyinto zibhekwa yayinamakhothamo, owake wakhonza njengomdala iminyango ifakwe drawbridges. Kamuva, nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu. Isakhiwo uye walilondoloza indlu endala kwesikhulu.

Dubno castle

Ukwakhiwa kwalesi ukwakhiwa ebiyelweyo laqedwa 1462. Isungulwe Dubno Castle Konstantin Ostrozhsky. Ekhulwini XVII, eyinkimbinkimbi lavuselelwa salungiswa isitayela ke imfashini Yenguquko. On insimu yalo walondoloza esigodlweni Prince Ostrogski futhi Lubomirski lasendulo.

Omunye ezikhangayo Dubno ebiyelweyo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuyinto uhlelo olubanzi Imigudu ngomshoshaphansi. Esikhathini sethu Zokuhlukunyezwa Museum usebenza omunye wabo. Phambi umkhosi ngonyaka labetibambile "Taras Bulba".

Olesko castle

Abaningi izinqaba nezinqaba Ukraine esikhathini esidlule sokuhlala yamakhosi, kuhlanganise Olesko. Lesi sakhiwo ebiyelweyo eyakhelwe emakhulwini ayisithupha edlule. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke umuntu ufunyenwe e 1327. Kulesi castle ozalwa Korol Yan III Sobieski noMichael Koribut Vishnevetskii. Ekhulwini XIX enqabeni yawela labhidlika, futhi ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Ukubuyiselwa yezincithakalo ubudala ezigcwaliseka esikhathini sethu at the isinyathelo-mlando Borisa Voznitskogo. Namuhla le nqaba kuyinto Museum-reserve.

Skalatsky eziyinkimbinkimbi

Lokhu castle yasungulwa yi-swordsman Polish K. Vihrovskim ngo-1630. Kuyinto isakhiwo quadrangular, sizungezwe umsele ezijulile. Ngezinye ikhona ngalinye lakhiwa umbhoshongo pentagonal nge izintuba. Engakabi yayo Skalatsky castle washintsha abanikazi izikhathi eziningana. abanikazi akhe angamalangabi J. Firlej, ezo Scipio. Phakathi wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi kuyinto isakhiwo ebiyelweyo labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Kabusha kwathiwa eyenziwa muva nje. Njengezinye izinqaba eziningi Ukraine, Skalatsky okwamanje eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum.

Khotyn castle

Lapho yayakhiwe lokhu inqaba yasendulo, akwaziwa. Ngokusho imibono yososayensi, walakha ekuqa- X futhi XI eminyaka. Phakathi nezivikelo XIII ekhulwini ezindala zamapulangwe futhi lakhiwa oda Prince Galitsky indawo ngetshe. Cishe zonke izinqaba lasendulo Ukraine, baye basinda kulokho esikhathini esidlule ziye zabhekana yokulungiswa ezinkulu. Khotyn kulokhu iyathinteka. Ekhulwini xv, lokhu inqaba ukuthi ngokuphelele kabusha. endaweni Its kakhulu anda, ukwakha obukhulu kwezindonga zamatshe nemibhoshongo. Igceke seluphakanyiswe cishe 10 metres.

Ngo-1918, Hawtin lathunjwa abantu baseRomania, futhi ngo-1940 saya ku-Soviet Union. Kulesi castle, kanye Kamenetz-Podolsk, ngokuvamile ngqá owaqhutshwa ngokudubula amafilimu zomlando.

I Palanok eziyinkimbinkimbi

Le nqaba lasendulo itholakala eduze nedolobha Mukachevo. Uma eziningi izinqaba ezithakazelisayo medieval ezakhiwa e-Ukraine, izazi-mlando, ngeshwa, akwaziwa. Iyathinteka kulokhu futhi Palanok eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi izivikelo owawukhona ekhulwini IX. Noma kunjalo, ukuzwa kukhulunywa ngezintaba yokuqala yale inqaba yasendulo encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, sangomhla XI leminyaka.

ukubaluleka alo ezempi Palanok castle elahlekile ekhulwini XIX. Ngemva kwalokho, lesi sakhiwo Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa njengoba leziboshwa zezombusazwe. Kamuva, kwaku ebhalekisi lempi. Okwamanje Palanok castle zalungiswa, futhi kukhona evumelekile Museum zomlando, ivulekele umphakathi wonke comers.

Castle Ackerman

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili (XIII - XIV eminyaka), futhi okubaluleke ukuqinisa ukuthi ithole ekhulwini xv. Izinqaba Ukraine endaweni kukhona kokubili elincane lelikhulu. Akkerman Fortress ingenye ngobukhulu kuleli zwe. Ubude kwezingange zawo imayelana ezimbili amakhilomitha away, futhi ukuphakama yabo kwezinye izindawo kufika ku-15 m.

Okwamanje, le nqaba Ackerman kuyinto inqolobane zomlando namasiko. insimu yalo ngokuvamile eyenziwa zonke izinhlobo imikhosi, umculo kanye yaseshashalazini, kanye Championships e uthango.

Zolochiv castle

Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo ukuzivikela laqedwa 1634 ngezithukuthuku iNkosi kaJakobe Sobieski. Ngemuva izindonga awugqinsi netshe le nkosi Yakhiwa ezimbili storey isigodlo isitayela Renaissance. Ngokuya imishini yingenxa ezithakazelisa kakhulu kuleli zwe enqabeni endala. Ukraine (eyayiyingxenye Poland) mayelana izakhiwo zokuhlala ezikhungweni eziphambili kakhulu akazange ihluke. Facilities futhi Zolochiv castle ukufuthelana ngu fireplaces futhi izitofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi Kuye kwanikezwa nokuthi of ephakathi eYurophu ubhekwa ivelakancane.

Ngemva kokufa Prince Yakova Zolochevsky castle okwesikhathi laba impahla yabantwana nababusi Tarle. Kamuva kwaba abanikazi abadumile Prince Radziwill. Engxenyeni kwekhulu XVIII yesibili, ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka Ilokhi alo ezempi kancane kancane waqala ukuwohloka.

Ngo 1801 wathatha ukubuyiselwa Ukubala Lukas Kamarnitsky. Ngo-1834 walithengisela uhulumeni wase-Austria. Okwesikhathi esithile emabhalekisini ayese lapha, futhi kamuva - esibhedlela. Ngo-1872 Zolochiv castle zaqala ukusetshenziswa njengendlela ejele. Ngo-1953 le nqaba behlaliswe PTU. Ukubuyiselwa le isakhiwo saqala kuphela ngo-1986, ngemuva kokuthi sidluliselwe Lviv kwebuciko.

eziyinkimbinkimbi Schönborn

Ezinye izinqaba nezigodlo Ukraine kuyinto ubuhle lula okumnandi izakhiwo yezakhiwo. Njengoba isibonelo, Schönborn, elakhiwa ngo-1890-1895, ngokulandelana. Umsunguli wawo kwaba Buheym Schönborn. Ngaphambili kule ipheshana Beregvar wakha lokhuni ukuzingela Lodge, kancane kamuva owaba kuyo ehlobo we Ibala. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, a Isigodlo esihle wakhula lapha. Ozungezayo enqabeni Schönborn 19 amahektha, okuyinto aliveza elihle eliyingadi-Arboretum. Kuze kube manje, lesi sakhiwo isetshenziswa njengomunye wezinye izakhiwo sibhedlela "Carpathians".

amathempeli Beautiful Ukraine

Yiqiniso, nezinqaba nezigodlo - akuyona kuphela eyingqopha lathumela, okuyinto uqhosha lizwe. Ayikho amathempeli kancane umxhwele futhi lasendulo Ukraine. enhle kakhulu, isibonelo, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, itholakala maphakathi Kiev, eyasungulwa ngo-1051. Njengoba baziwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi St Sophia Cathedral - esontweni lokuqala elikhulu lamaKristu e-Russia, ezakhiwe indodana Prince uVladimir, Yaroslav Ohlakaniphile ekhulwini IX. Ukuze ezihehayo iningi isimo zihlanganisa lombhishobhi Dominican e Lviv, iChurch of kweNyuka Lavra kanye nezakhiwo eziningi zasendulo zenkolo.

izinqaba Basendulo amasonto e-Ukraine - eyigugu kakhulu esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, imisebenzi emikhulu ekhuluma ngezandla zabantu, indawo enomlando emangalisayo nobuhle esiyingqayizivele - nakanjani azinake mlando kanye nezivakashi. Ukuphendula izenzakalo zamuva, akunakwenzeka, yebo, amaningi kakhulu travel Russian abathanda ngeke olokotha aye amandla eseduze ukuhlola zalo ezikhangayo. Kodwa, ngethemba, ke ngeke njalo, nezivakashi zethu uzokwazi bekuqonda ngokugcwele ubuhle kanye nobuhle yalezi ezikhumbuzo lasendulo.