Ibhizinisi umqondo: isondo kabusha

Ngamunye wethu uyazi ukuthi yini imoto angakwenza ngaphandle amathayi. Nokho, akubona bonke abangakholwa ecabanga lapho enza amathayi bakhathale. Kunezindlela ezimbili: kuphakathi kokuthi isondo ithunyelwa landfill futhi ngaleyo ndlela bungangcolisi indawo noma icutshungulwe. Asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi leli sondo kuyinto ukungcola okuyingozi, ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi ngizama bachithe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu elula, kukhona zonke izimfanelo ngokudala siqu ifektri lakho elincane, lapho oyokwenziwa isondo kabusha.

Yini bonke abantu kufanele bazi

Minyaka yonke isibalo izimoto emigwaqweni landa ngabantu 5-10%. Kulesi sisekelo, ke kwandisa umthamo isondo bafake ngo-1 million tonnes. Emazweni amaningi, indaba kabusha kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngokwengxenye ukuxazulula le nkinga kungaba uma ukusungula ukukhiqizwa yabo elincane. Une ongakhetha eziningana ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube ukucutshungulwa imoto amathayi noma uwoyela imvuthuluka. Uma ufisa ukuthola uphethiloli, kufanele uchithe imali kancane, ngoba umugqa ukukhiqizwa kuyingozi ngempela. Qaphela futhi ukuthi awukwazi nje ukusebenza amathayi, kodwa futhi imikhiqizo plastic ukuthi abanye inzuzo ukwanda. Kulesi ibhizinisi kukhona izinzuzo ambalwa elingenakuphikwa, thina manje sibheke ngamunye wabo.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuba uthele imali eningi ukuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithayi bakhathale ziphonswe. Iziphathimandla zendawo, uma Yiqiniso, exinwe emvelweni edolobheni, ingabe zonke ukuletha. Kodwa akugcini lapho, ngoba umasipala ilungele ukhokhele izinto ibhizinisi lakho kabusha amathayi oyokwenziwa. Ngiyavuma ukuthola lezimpahla cishe mahhala, kodwa namanje wenze inzuzo kusukela yokuthi bekwi leli bhizinisi, kubi kakhulu. Yiqiniso, lokhu akugcini lapho, ngoba umgomo wethu oyinhloko - ukulondoloza imvelo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuthola inzuzo inetha. izimali ezinkulu ayovela ukudayiswa amafutha efanayo fuel, okuyinto uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu uphethiloli kwezolimo. By the way, izinto zamahhala, ungathola ngamaphuzu isondo, okuyinto izindawo zemihlangano emadolobheni amakhulu kukhona zingaphezu kokwaneleyo. Into wukuthi iziteshi abasebenzi nokunye. N. Khokha imali eyeqile yokususa kungekho masondo amadala ezimoto kanye nokulahlwa yabo.

Kabusha enjoloba "ngoba" futhi "ngokumelene"

Asinakusho igama lokuthi lokhu niche Namanje hhayi ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe. Isibalo osomabhizinisi kule nsimu incane, u-20% we Inkomba elilungile. Lapha esinazo emqondweni ukuthi kuphela okwesihlanu irabha bakhathale walulama futhi kabusha, lonke liya landfill. Kufanele siqonde ukuthi 1000 khilogremu bashisa - kuyinto 450 kg isisi esinobuthi ehlukahlukene umule 250-270 amakhilogramu. Kodwa uma esilinganayo iraba kahle ilahlwe, ezimayini ingatholakala kusukela ngo-700 kilograms ephezulu grade iraba, angasetshenziswa ngokukhiqiza zokubasa kanye imikhiqizo kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba. Khona-ke kunengqondo kancane ukukhuluma mayelana zezimboni isikali ibhizinisi, kodwa lapha encane processing plant ukulungisa isondo kungenzeka.

Ngu uqobo, eyinkimbinkimbi incane, kodwa ubukhulu bayo kuyinto encike ngqo kwi amavolumu ukukhiqizwa. Ngakho-ke, ukucutshungulwa amathani 5 ngosuku kuyadingeka ukuze isikhala segcekeni 18 no-10 metres ubude. Ngesakhiwo kufanele kube izimpahla lapho sigcine amathayi, epulasitikini futhi nokunye. E. Kudingeka ukuba abe khona ingxenye impahla pretreatment eluhlaza (yokuhlanza, iTire ahlabayo). Musa ukwenza ngaphandle isikhala isitoreji imikhiqizo isiqedile. Kulokhu, konke kuncike kulokho uthola. Lokhu kungaba carbon omnyama, uwoyela nokunye. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwamafutha uzodinga ukuthenga umthamo amathangi eziningana ezinkulu. Abanaso isidingo sokuthi kube entsha, engcono ngisho ukuthenga esetshenziswa / y, ngakho ishibhile. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kwamathayi enjoloba - kuyinto ezinzima neziyingozi. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe kufanele ngokucophelela. Asikhulume kabanzi ngayo.

inqubo

Eqinisweni, akukho inkinga enkulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukulawula le nqubo kuzo zonke izigaba ukukhiqizwa. Ekuqaleni, kufanele uqale lokuqoqa amathayi. Khona-ke kufanele ziyise Warehouse ka ibhizinisi kucutshungulwe. Ukuze kuvimbele ukulimala sikelo, ngenhlanhla, akuzona ezishibhile, kubalulekile ukuba nokuhlola konke ukuphithizela izinto zokusetshenziswa ebukhoneni sufaka ezifana amadiski noma ikhala. Ngokuphathelene ngethuluzi lokusika ke Kungakuhle ke kufanele kube phezu sikelo wokubacindezela, kodwa ongenalo ngempela, sizobe ukukhuluma ngemva kwesikhashana. Ngaphezu kwalokho imibengo amathayi ophendulayo - isikhungo esikhethekile kabusha amathayi, nesebenzela ezingeni lokushisa unikezwa, ngokuvamile degrees 450 Celsius. Noqhekeko kuholela yokuthi sinawo imikhiqizo ezimbalwa lulwimi siphelile ezifana igesi, steel, nophethiloli izingxenyana zaso.

Le gesi oyisebenzise ukusekela amandla omlilo esithandweni njengoba uphethiloli eceleni. imfucuza wayo adedelwa imvelo. Awukwazi ukuyibiza isixazululo omuhle, kodwa ukukhululwa kwe ukhumbuza amagesi imfucuza iloli. Ngokuqondene mass ukuphumula ke sidlula a isihlukanisi kazibuthe, uma alula ke sieved ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungo. izakhi Metal kuyaqedwa futhi wathumela kuya ishede. Heavy uwoyela fuel is uthuthwa iphayiphi ethangeni lapho uphethiloli izogcinwa ngaphambi mpahla. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufakwa kabusha amathayi, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba uthole amafutha pyrolysis, abiza kakhulu - ruble mayelana 2 million. ukusebenza Ezazimzungezile - amathani angaba yizinkulungwane 5 uwoyela ongahluziwe ngosuku, nakuba ziziningi ..

Ukukhiqizwa imvuthuluka iraba

Futhi nakhu okunye ukusikisela ezithakazelisayo ngokwanele, okuyinto engazange wathola ukusatshalaliswa efanele kuze kube manje. Ingqikithi le bhizinisi ukuthi ngithengise iraba nepepper futhi lusetshenziswe, angasetshenziswa ngekwetinhloso letehlukene. Ukuze nawe mayelana ukuqonda ukuthi bekukhulunywa ngani, kubalulekile ukuletha ukusebenza jikelele izibalo. Ngakho, amathani imvuthuluka iraba emakethe Russian iyobe iwufanele ruble akukho engaphezu kwengu-20 000. Ngokuphathelene abathengi sisikhulu kakhulu, izinkampani zokwakha, abakhiqizi kwemikhiqizo iraba, ezintweni zokwakha uphahla, ezinengilazi nokwakhiwa kwamathuluzi ezemidlalo nokunye. N. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo iphuzu yokuthengisa ilula ngempela ukuthola.

Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele futhi yokuthi eRussia unyaka ngamunye aphonswe bezungeza ayizinkulungwane 700-800. Amathani imfucuza amathayi. Cishe 20-25% usetshenziselwa kahle, nakho konke okunye noma nje elele landfills noma incinerated. Ngakho, ukusebenzisa kabusha amathayi ku imvuthu zingakwazi ukukhiqiza bhiliyoni 5-8, kodwa isikali ezimbonini. Uma bahlanganyele nje kulahla, uzodinga crusher mechanical efektri. amathuluzi Cutting kuye kudingeke ukuba bashintshe ngokuvamile kakhulu, okuholela izindleko ephakeme. Omunye ethile yalesi Umqondo wukuthi ibusa ugesi omningi, mayelana 500 kilowatts ton of umkhiqizo osuphelile ngayinye. Nokho, ukucutshungulwa ngokuzenzakalela isondo ngendlela eyozuzisa. Kodwa kuphela uma uthola ukwesekwa olufanele isimo.

Isisetshenziswa izocubungulwa amathayi

Eceleni badinge ukuxoxa ngothandekayo, okuyindawo line yethu zokukhiqiza kuyoba. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo imishini akuyona kakhulu, futhi ilula ngaso sonke. Noma kunjalo, intengo "bite". iyunithi Main -. Lesi simila isondo kabusha (ophendulayo), ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10, ububanzi 3.5 amamitha, ubude 5 m Fakela iyunithi idinga kuphela endaweni evulekile engaphansi esibhakabhakeni evulekile. Wena, njengoba usomabhizinisi esizayo kumele bakuqonde ukuthi kufanele ukhokhe imali eningi kagesi. I ophendulayo ngokwayo ibusa mayelana 6 kilowatt ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi isikele - 7-8 kW / h. Ngomqondo onabile, kuba pheze yonke imishini edingekayo kokuqala zokukhiqiza. Yini edingekayo kuyinto crucibles ambalwa ukuze athula izinto etholwe.

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ophendulayo sinesikhundla cishe 5 amathani ngosuku. Kepha kusukela kulolu mass mayelana 40% kungaba uphethiloli ketshezi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa yokubola uthola igesi (mayelana ton) futhi amathani angaba ngu-0.5 ensimbi intambo. Omunye akufanele bayakhohlwa ukuthi lezo zinsalela okuqinile (carbon impahla), okuyinto-30% we okukhipha Imininingwane. Kuwufanele benaka iqiniso lokuthi kabusha kungekho masondo amadala ezimoto ku ophendulayo wenziwa imodi eqhubekayo. Okufanele ukwenze - ukungeza isondo. Amandla omlilo kusekelwa ngaphakathi igesi ezivezwa esithandweni somlilo. Ukuze usebenze ophendulayo kufanele Uchwepheshe ezimbili abaqeqeshiwe. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo izifundo zokuqeqesha ungaya ngokushesha okwanele. Futhi manje ake qhubeka sibheke amanye amaphuzu abalulekile ngaphezulu.

Yimalini ngidinga ukuqala?

Lona omunye izici eziyinhloko ukuthi unesithakazelo ngokuphelele zonke Wabasaqalayo. izindleko High akudingekile lapha. Uma uya ukuthenga b / Equipments (ophendulayo, sikelo), ungagcina kufika ku 20% welinani selilonkhe. Kuwufanele ukuthatha leso sinyathelo noma cha, kuphuma kuwe. Asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi esetshenziswa ophendulayo uphumile emgqeni emva ukushisa kuqala. Kulokhu akekho uzokhokha umonakalo. Ukuze konke kufanele anele ruble esigidini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko umthamo ophendulayo 5 amathani / usuku, kanye isikele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga ukuthenga amathangi amaningi (amathani 60). Uma kuzoba b / y umthamo, Uphiko kuyodingeka bakhokhe ruble 25 000. Zingaki izingcezu udinga ukuba uzicabangele wena, kodwa akudingeki ukuba abe nomkhawulo eyodwa noma ezimbili amathangi. Iqiniso lokuthi ukucutshungulwa amathayi ku nophethiloli - ibhizinisi kwesizini.

Phakathi lawa e amanani kaphethiloli akukuhle ukuthengisa, kodwa ithola kuphela. Uma kuziwa isikhathi ukukhulisa, futhi ngeke kwenzeke ngempela, ungakwazi ukuthola imali enhle ngokuthengisa zonke uwoyela ngesikhathi esisodwa. isu okunjalo kubhekwa evumelekile futhi kusebenza ngempumelelo ngokwanele. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele ukwazi ukumisa ngokuphelele ukudayiswa, ngokwanele ukunciphisa kubo by 50-75%. Kuyadingeka ukukhokhela abasebenzi. Four Uchwepheshe izobiza ruble angaba yizinkulungwane 60 ngenyanga, futhi amathuluzi ukusebenza izingubo - amatalenta 50. Kukhona futhi izindleko njalo nyangazonke: ugesi, izintela, izinkokhelo ukuqasha, njll ...

Mayelana ibhizinisi engenayo

Njengoba ubona, isondo kabusha ubuchwepheshe oluphakeme elula. Lapha akukho izithasiselo fuel, yamakhemikhali eyinkimbinkimbi ukusabela nezinye izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, impahla eluhlaza for free. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukuqoqwa amathayi ungathola imali abanye ukuthi uzokhokha izindleko kagesi njalo ngenyanga. Uma uhlala esifundazweni, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzokhokha kabusha, kodwa emadolobheni amakhulu isimo abaphila ngayo ihluke ngokuphelele. Kukhona izimboni eziningi imali kuhle kabusha izihlahla zenjoloba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi landfill abaningi kamasipala senqabe reception udoti okunjalo. Phakathi ukucutshungulwa amathani amathayi ungathola inani elihlukile ruble 2 kuya kwezingu-5.

Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ngisho kabusha isondo ekhaya kuzoletha imali enhle. Ngokwesibonelo, a ton of ukhwaliti ongaphakeme-carbon abathengi bazimisele ukukhokhela ruble 3000. Scrap thatha ngesilinganiso 4 ruble / t, namafutha nophethiloli -. Ruble ayizigidi 3-4 ngethani, kuncike isikhathi. Ngu izibalo ezilula singaphetha ngokuthi enyangeni edlule, uzozuza mayelana 350 000-400 000. Balinganiselwa ku-50% we isidingo ukukhokhela ugesi, ukukhokhela izisebenzi, nokunye. N. With umugqa umuntu onamandla kangaka ku ukucutshungulwa amathayi uyonikwa imbuyiselo izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngokushesha ngokwanele. Njengoba ubona, umbono ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ethembisa, kodwa akunjalo elula. Kulesi ibhizinisi, njengoba ngempela kunoma iyiphi enye, ziningi izingibe. Ake sibone ukuthi akufanele aphanjaniswe.

Izinkinga ukuqala ibhizinisi

Kuyinto ukuthi nje ukuthola izwe khulula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kubalulekile ukugcina eziqhele ngokwanele amakhaya yokuhlala elingamamitha angu-300. Lapho ziqhubeka lesi sihlahla emzini, aba maningi izindleko zokuthumela izinto zokusetshenziswa, ungakhohlwa ngakho. Futhi khumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ufuna ukuba amafasitela kwenziwa ithayi kabusha. Izibuyekezo zabahlali abavamile njengoba omubi ngisho uma ophendulayo ngabe emela kude ayi-400 ezindaweni zokuhlala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu ezilula, ngifuna indawo endaweni ukukhiqizwa. Kungenzeka, ngoba yena-nizomthola, ngoba impela eningi izindawo ezingenalutho. Konke okudingayo - kuyinto ukuxoxisana ngqo nenkampani, njengoba umthetho, enze akunzima kangako. Okungenani, lula kunalokho ukuphothula isivumelwano ne izicishamlilo kanye nezikhungo kwendle.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi udinga ilayisensi imfucuza kabusha. Thola umbhalo esigunyazayo kulula, njengoba amathayi akuzona izinto eziyingozi (Group 4). Kodwa Snag wukuthi ukukhiqizwa yakho ngokusemthethweni elingcolisa emkhathini. Cishe, uzocelwa (ngenkani) ukuthenga isitshalo ukwelashwa. wentengo ngokuvamile izikhathi eziningana mkhulu kunezinhliziyo lonke isitshalo. Kodwa zikhona izindlela eziningana ukuthi angakusiza alibale ukuthengwa ngesikhathi esithile. Ochwepheshe bathi akulungile ukuthi uvule i-processing plant noma iyiphi impahla eyodwa. Zithanda noma zingathandi, uzinqumela. Kunoma ikuphi, ungahlala ukwandisa esitolo yakho ancibilike ingilazi khona, plastic noma insimbi. Ngokwezibalo, 75% osomabhizinisi ibhekene zemvelo, ubani bakhathazekile saloluhlobo ukukhiqizwa.

A imininingwane embalwa ebalulekile

Njengoba kuphawuliwe kancane ephakeme, uzothola ukuthi "izindleko esingalindelekile" nto izovela ibhizinisi uhlelo lwakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isidingo ukuxazulula izinkinga ne kwemvelo izicishamlilo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuba indawo yokubeka lamafutha ukukhwezelwa amathangi izidingo ezintsha kuphela isivikelo, kodwa b / y umthamo zidinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Lapha futhi ekhethekile imigqa uphethiloli kanye gas, nemiyalo izisebenzi ukuphepha umlilo, nokuningi. Kunoma ikuphi kubalulekile abe Reserve isabelomali enkulungwaneni ambalwa. Lokhu kuyokwenza ugcine ezinsizini eziningi. Izihloko izindleko zinkulu ngokwanele, kodwa sesikubonile ezimboziwe, nezinkabi wazi lokho kuzobhekwana nabo.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi njengoba umholi kumele abagcini indlela abasebenzi yakho, kodwa futhi enze eziningi neminye imisebenzi kubaluleke ngezinga elifanayo. Phakathi kwabo: ukuthuthukiswa baqhubeka wayo nokukhula kwayo kuyisimangaliso ibhizinisi imingcele, Accounting intela ezimali, kanye ukulungiswa yemigomo kanye nezinhlelo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. ukukhangisa izimpahla zakho - Kulesi sihloko, iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi engashiwongo. Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona. Omunye wabo - ukudala itimu kuwebhusayithi yakho lapho ungakwazi ukunikeza uwoyela, njll Akekho kukhanselwe izikhangiso on izigxobo, zamabhasi kanye imele ... Kuze kube manje, kuyindlela enhle futhi evumelekile ukuba baveze imizwa yabo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-imali okuzisholo, ungakwazi ukuqasha i-billboard ebekwe futhi izikhangiso zabo khona. By endleleni, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlakanipha. Kubalulekile ukuba overload ngolwazi oluningi kakhulu, kodwa futhi zidonse ukunaka kwanoma izethameli ezingaba khona.

isiphetho

Ngakho sakhuluma ngalokho kabusha isondo nendlela ukuvula ibhizinisi. Njengoba ubona, konke ulula, kodwa ziningi izinto ezibalulekile. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi kunzima ukuthola wesevisi, noma zokugcina wenqaba nje ukunikeza kungekho masondo amadala ezimoto, futhi kudinga imali. Ngomqondo onabile, ungathola omunye, luhlobo ezifanelekayo lapho doti ngokweqile kuyoba kuphela happy kakhulu ukuba balahle, kodwa namanje ukukunika imali ngomgwaqo. Ngezinye izikhathi kunengqondo isivumelwano okwesikhathi ukulethwa umnyuziki eside. Ngakho ungakwazi ukuqeda Ukuphumula ibhizinisi labo futhi inzuzo. Kodwa zonke lezi zinto kufanele okuvunyelwane ngazo ngokuqondile ne ibhizinisi-umphakeli. Khumbula ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola iphuzu isondo yokuthengisa, kunokuba usomabhizinisi, owanikela ilungele ukuthenga lokhu udoti. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwezinye yamadolobha ophendulayo ngoba kucutshungulwa isondo nhlobo.

Uma uthola namafutha amahle, khona-ke umgomo at the kubhayela kamasipala noma kwangasese. Lapho uzothola injabulo egqugquzela ukuthi kubalulekile amanzi bafudumale. Uma uya ukuthola imvuthuluka iraba, uzodinga umshini izindleko ruble ayi-500 000. Ugesi ukusetshenziswa 1 ton - 90 kW. Ububi lendlela ngukutsi iqembu izindwani (izingcezu 40) Ugqoke aphume ngemva kokucubungula amakhulu amathayi, ngakho ayevame kudingeke zishintshe. Ngomqondo onabile, omunye ummese kufanele inikwe ruble 30 kuphela, okuyinto elincane. Ngakho, amandla aggregate amabhasi 20 ngehora okhokhela cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Imiphumela ziyefana ekukhiqizeni uwoyela nophethiloli. Kodwa esimweni sokuqala, kancane inkinga ne kwemvelo izicishamlilo, njengoba sikwazi kungukuthi sisebenzelana nanoma iyiphi imfucuza emkhathini noma fuel ketshezi. Nokho, isimiso, zonke ngale ndaba. I nzima kakhulu - ukuqala, bese kuyoba lula kakhulu.