Icelandic: umlando omfushane kanye izici jikelele yokubiza. Kanjani ukufunda isi-Icelandic?

Iceland - ezweni elikhulu nge umlando onothileko uhlobo enhle kakhulu. Isiphetho isi-Icelandic akakwazi ngokuthi abavamile. Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi ngemva kokunqotshwa eyodwa isimo olunye ulimi isimo wanqoba, njengoba umthetho, buthakathaka bese inyamalala, njengoba kwenzeka e Norway, lapho Danes ngilinqobile izwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Danes wazama ukungena ulimi wezwe siqu, Icelandic, akazange nje amelane ukumelana Danish, kodwa kwakusasele ulimi ikakhulukazi okuxoxa nokulotshwa kwalo. I yasemaphandleni nje engafuni ukwamukela Danish, kuphela ingxenye encane abantu abafundile ungase ukuziqhayisa ulwazi. imisebenzi Icelandic nezincwadi ezazibhalwe emaphepheni okubhala komunye nomunye, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukuphrinta izincwadi.

umsuka

ulimi elinomlando omkhulu - Icelandic. Libhekisela eqenjini ka zamaJalimane iqeqebana futhi zaseScandinavia. Umlando isi-Icelandic yaqala lapho abantu bokuqala abahlala kuyo kusukela Norway ababengaphansi kwemibuso yakwamanye amazwe ezweni Iceland. Nge amaViking weza izincwadi. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-1000 i-Iceland ebuKristwini eleza ngemva lalibukeka lokubhala. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, kwakunengozi izinkondlo lokuqala Icelandic. Imisebenzi zaba kancane exubile, nge iziza esiyinkimbinkimbi ematfuba eziyinkimbinkimbi. isi-Icelandic has okuningi nge-Norwegian futhi ngekhulu XII, abazange kuhluke, njengoba Scandinavians yanqoba Iceland. Ngaphambili kuthiwa Icelandic -Danish, ngoba konke ezazikhathaza Scandinavians lasendulo, kwakubhekwa njengento ngu Danish.

Le ndawo yokusabalalisa

Ezikhathini zanamuhla isi-Icelandic siwulimi unina abantu abangaphezu kuka-450 eziyinkulungwane, abaningi babo bahlala eNyakatho Melika, Canada ne-Denmark. Ngaphandle Iceland, kukhona nokuncipha kwenani izikhulumi in Icelandic.

izici Jikelele ulimi

Omunye izilimi endala ubhekwa Icelandic. Umlando Omfushane nezici jikelele zisikisela ukuthi uyashintsha kancane kakhulu, kukhona nhlobo kwemali evela kwezinye izilimi. Kuze kube manje, luhlala efana ulimi Old Norse. Ukwakhiwa kwamagama kwenzeka ikakhulukazi nge Isijobelelo indlela, Compounding futhi tracings, ukuthi kuyinto kuhunyushwa igama negama kula mazwi angaphandle waboleka. E-Iceland, kukhona ngisho inhlangano ekhethekile yakhelwe ukudala amagama okulingana kakade imiqondo ekhona. Ngemva ukuthunjwa Danish emazweni Icelandic Icelandic baye babenza wonke umzamo wokuba ukuqeda amazwi olunye ulimi kubo.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi uMthethosisekelo alubhaliwe phezu Icelandic njengolimi olusemthethweni lolo lulimi isimo. Ezinokusetshenziswa kukhona Danish, isiSwidi Norwegian. abafundi Icelandic befunde izilimi ezimbili ayimpoqo: Danish nesiNgisi.

Isici esibalulekile wukuthi amagama abantu balapha aqukethe igama patronymic. Kuyinto isiko lamazwe zaseScandinavia. Igama eliphakathi yakhiwa igama likababa kunjalo genitive futhi igama elithi "indodana" noma "indodakazi". Ngezinye izikhathi ingasetshenziswa igama likamama. Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, ingasetshenziswa igama kumkhulu wakhe. Izibongo ube nenani elincane kuphela elihlanganyela zabantu. Emshadweni umfazi kungathatha igama lomyeni wayo, uma ikhona.

zezigodi

Kukhona izilimi zezigodi ezimbili kuphela:

• enyakatho;
• ENingizimu.

Umehluko phakathi imixhantela ephawula isi-Icelandic, abamazwi azihlukile kakhulu, kwenza kube sobala ukuthi imixhantela enyakatho nasempumalanga zifana ehlukile ijagoni, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni ezilimi eziyimixhantela akukuhle kakhulu. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi lwesigodi lwaseningizimu ye-ongwaqa p, t, k liphinyiselwe wavuma futhi preaspiratsiey kuthiwa, futhi enyakatho kuthiwa njengoba bengakhulumi futhi aspirated.

alfabhethi

Ngokuqinisekile abanye bafuna ukufunda ukufunda isi-Icelandic, ngoba akuyona kuphela enhle, kodwa futhi uyazifihla izenzakalo ezinkulu kanye izindaba amaViking nesibindi futhi luqinile. I-Icelandic zamagama ezincwadi 32. Kusekelwe zamagama ejwayelekile, wadala ngekhulu XIX. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, it usebhekene izinguquko ezithile. Ezinye izinhlamvu umsindo alien isiRashiya, ngakho ukufunda isi-Icelandic, zingase zibonakale nzima futhi udideke.

Lezo zincwadi ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa kuphela emagama labolekiwe.

Lesi sakamuva ayisasetshenziswa kuphi ngaphandle igama ephephandabeni lendawo.

pronunciation

Okwamanje, uma kuqhathaniswa ngekhulu XII-XII, ungabona kanjani isakhiwo esishintshile amazwi yesimanje njengoba ushintshe ulimi Icelandic. Singaqiniseki kwezinye ngendlela ehlukile kulokho eyayiyikho ngaphambi. Kolimi wanyamalala acinene onkamisa, onkamisa eside babé diphthongs uvele preaspiratsiya (nenshisekelo). Kodwa into eyodwa ayizange ithuthuke - lenqwaba inflections. In amazwi walondoloza umthelela ibhalansi. Ngaphambi ungwaqa eside unkamisa ngempela esifushane ilunga wagcizelela kanye unkamisa eside eme phambi ungwaqa iDemo. Singaqiniseki ongwaqa esekelwe umfutho kanye preasperatsii. imisindo lizwakalise ngolimi azitholakali, kanti izithulu azisenzeki kaningi impela. Ilunga kokuqala uhlale uyozisola. Isiqalo Unstressed - kuyinto engavamile kakhulu lomkhuba Icelandic.

morphology

Labo abahamba ukufunda isi-Icelandic, kumele bazi ukuthi morphology we ulimi akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela Russian. Kukhona amabizo bunye nebunyenti, kanye wesilisa, owesifazane kanye okungenabulili. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ngezilimi eziningi zaseScandinavia, lapho simiso kwemagama lula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi Nokwehla amabizo, Icelandic wasigcwalisa namasiko alo. Njengoba Iceland okudlula Europe, itholakala ezwekazini, kungenzeka ukuba alondoloze ukufana kwamazwi Old Norse nezilimi Icelandic.

Icelandic has izimo ezine: nominative, genitive, umenziwa wesenzo kanye umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi. emabito ezithile abe isihloko naye, e kungekho engaqinisekile ke. Kukhona Ngokuqinisekile double, lapho isihloko sengezwe zebizo, engaphansi ngesisekelo lolimi isiphakamiso. Isakhiwo ungathi izwi isiRashiya, ukuthi, impande sengezwe console ejwayelekile. Isenzo kuyinto yesikhashana ifomu, idiphozi nokuthambekela. Kukhona futhi tento abanamandla nababuthaka. Bangakwazi conjugated umuntu kanye nenombolo.

silulumagama

Njengoba ukubukeka ulimi, okuyinto IX leminyaka, kuncane kakhulu ishintshile. Kusho kuphela ukuthi abantu base-Iceland Ungafunda imisebenzi olimini Old Norse kalula. Lezi zincwadi eTestamenteni Elisha zihunyushelwe Icelandic e 1540 waqala lasungulwa nokuthuthukiswa. Ekhulwini XVIII, abantu base-Iceland sahlubuka ukusula ulimi bese ubuyela ukusetshenziswa kwamagama ubudala. Futhi uma amagama Icelandic azanele ukuba ubheke into entsha, kuphakanyiswa ukudala kubo kusukela izimpande lasendulo Icelandic futhi ticalo. Ngenxa kwekuhlela kabusha yesimanje silulumagama Icelandic cishe khulula ezikweletini nasezinsizini emagama angaphandle. Naphezu ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha isayensi nobuchwepheshe, i-Iceland ngokucophelela ibhizinisi amagama amasha esikhundleni amagama kusukela silulumagama yakho endala. Manje, eziningi amazwi akhishwe kanye ukusetshenziswa, olusha ngokuvumelana nemithetho ye-isi-Icelandic, zibuyiselwa Iceland kancane kancane ukujwayela kubo.