Indatshana ngemisebenzi Pushkin. Isihloko lokusungula

Ikusasa omkhulu NJENGOBA zakudala Pushkin wazalwa ngo-June 6, 1799. It nje benze okuthile isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo uzitholele kuso sonke izincwadi Russian. Ukuqala ukuba babhale indaba ngemisebenzi Pushkin, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imbongi esizayo babevela umkhaya ompofu ezihloniphekayo, ogama izimpande esukela emuva le wokubusa Ioanna Groznogo noPetru I. lakhe ukhokho kwaba Arap Petra mina, u-Abrama Petrovich uHannibal.

Indatshana ngemisebenzi Pushkin

Pushkin wazalwa ngenkathi okuthiwa Francophile lapho wonke umphakathi ahlukile osikhulumayo isiFulentshi, futhi izingane futhi azama nokwenza abafundisi French. Alexander Pushkin wakhuliswa lezi imikhuba, futhi ngenxa yalokho kumiswa waseFrance abathintekayo. Nokho, okubaluleke kakhulu sabafundisi bakhe baba ugogo MA Hannibal futhi umzanyana Irreplaceable Arina. Esikhathini kusuka eminyakeni 1805 kuya 1810, Pushkin esichithwa masonto ehlobo nabo eMoscow edolobhaneni Zakharov.

ebuntwaneni

Umfana wakhula onamakhono kakhulu. Ngokushesha waqala ukufunda, futhi wayenesithakazelo izincwadi nefilosofi eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala ufunde lonke umtapo kayise. Umalume wakhe, a Pushkin imbongi edumile, kufika Petersburg, wabona amakhono umshana wakhe, futhi nge-AI Turgenev wenza mfana Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Ngo 1811 Pushkin waqala ukufunda kukhona, futhi iminyaka 6 uye kwakhiwa isitayela olusankondlo esingavamile. Ukuze imbongi oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala bayahlonishwa yena "indoda endala" Derzhavin. Pushkin kufakwe umbuthano tetemibhalo "Arzamas".

Kamuva ekuphileni futhi umsebenzi Pushkin

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, ngo-1817 imbongi ngithunyelwa ukuyosebenza e-College of Foreign Affairs. Kodwa inkonzo kuyinto izithakazelo kancane kuye, njengoba esethembise umshado empilweni wokuziphilisa Petersburg, umphakathi etemibhalo waseshashalazini ngokuthi "Green Light". Izihloko ka Pushkin ngalesi sikhathi zihlukene, kungenziwa izinhlobo zihlanganisa eziningi zezinkondlo inkululeko-onothando epigrams abukhali. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe kwakuyiyona inkondlo "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila" (1820).

Amandla ukuthi sishiye konke lokhu ngaphandle ukunakwa Pushkin amukiswa-dolobha, eCaucasus. Ngemva waya Kishinev, Odessa, ihlangana nabangani bakhe (Decembrists esizayo). Phakathi nale minyaka engu wabhala imisebenzi "Prisoner of eCaucasus (1821)," Umthombo Bakhchisarai "(1823)," INgoma Hlakaniphile Oleg "futhi" The Prisoner ", bese wabe ukubhala" Eugene Onegin "inoveli senkondlo.

Indatshana ngemisebenzi Pushkin ayikwazi kuhlaliswe zonke biography ezixubile lokhu ubuhlakani omkhulu, kodwa izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu namanje Kuhle kokusho.

Ngemva South exhumanisa it is yadingiselwa ifa lomndeni Mikhailovskoye (okuthiwa ngenxa ukuxabana Ukubala Mikhail Vorontsov). Ubaba imbongi wayalwa ukuba anakekele indodana yabo, kodwa-ke wabe eselandelwa ukuxabana noyise. Ngalesi sikhathi, Pushkin ubhala futhi kudala le nkondlo "amaGypsy", le nkondlo "Ukuze Yasolwandle" uyaqhubeka "Evgeniya Onegina" futhi iqala le nhlekelele "Boris Godunov".

Ukuvukela kwezinceku Decembrists nokuhlangabezana nge UNatalie

Indatshana ngemisebenzi Pushkin kumele iqukathe kanye neqiniso lokuthi ngo-December, kwakukhona zabhikisha we Decembrists. Pushkin wamangala ukuthi abangane bakhe abaningi babulawa noma badingiselwa eSiberia. Tsar Nicholas mina emva ingxoxo siqu nembongi Pushkin evumela ukuhlala lapho ufuna, kodwa manje inkosi ngokwayo baba ngomshini kumhloli wezincwadi yakhe siqu.

Ngo-1928 lapho aqala khona ukuthandana ne Pushkin futhi Natalie Goncharova waqala ukufuna isandla sakhe. Ngo 1830, wayesalokhu kokuthola imvume yakhe, kodwa ekwindla ka Probate waya Boldin futhi lingashoni khona izinyanga ezintathu ngenxa ngokuhlukaniswa mayelana nesifo sohudo. Ngalesi sikhathi waliloba inganekwane futhi imisebenzi "Belkin", "Amademoni", "Kwezinsizi Little", njll

kwesiphetho esidabukisayo

Pushkin umkhaya wahlala kunalokho kahle. Bona waba nezingane ezine, ngisho ngakho kwadingeka ukusekela unkosikazi kanye nodadewabo. Izikweletu zanqwabelana ngokushesha okukhulu, Pushkin waphoqeleka ukuba abeke izinto zokuhloba futhi endlini, koSanta esimweni usizo futhi ngenxa yalokho iboshelwe yena emisebenzini inkantolo.

Ngo-1835 washeshe wahileleka ukushicilelwa umagazini "Contemporary", ufuna ukuphila kuleli zwe, kodwa umkakhe enqaba kuwo.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama Pushkin wezwa amahebezi mayelana basisize ukuba Natalie Georges d'Anthes, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuvikela ilungelo umkakhe, kwakudingeka amemeze a Duel. Nge Inhlamvu yokuqala Pushkin elambulala. Wafa Petersburg yakhe efulethini Februwari 10, 1837. Futhi wembelwa Svyatogorsk Monastery (5 km edolobhaneni St UMikayeli Pskov esifundeni). Ngakho fast and aweve uqede nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi Pushkin.