Idivayisi yokudonsa kwisayithi ngezandla zomuntu siqu - ubuchwepheshe

Idivayisi yokugeleza kwisayithi ngezandla zomuntu siqu ingenziwa kalula uma kunesidingo. Lokhu kungadingeka uma kunomswakama ngokweqile ensimini, okungabangela izinkinga eziningi. Uma ungazange ucabange ngalombuzo, khona-ke ama-puddles aqhubekayo yizibonakaliso zokuqala okufanele uziqaphele. Bangase bangashiyi isayithi izinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngisho namasonto. Ungalokothi uzinakekele lokhu okushiyeka kwensimu, ngoba emva kwesikhathi uzothola izinkinga ezinjengokugxila kwesisekelo, kodwa nokubhujiswa kwayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba ugweme izinkinga ezincane ngendlela yezitshalo nezihlahla ezimanzi, ezingafa ngisho nokuswakama okunamandla. Ikakhulukazi idivaysi yomsele esakhiweni ngezandla zomuntu siqu iyadingeka uma kwenzeka itholakala ehlathini, lapho ithebula lamanzi liphakeme khona.

Amaphethini wokugeleza

Ukugeleza kungalungiswa ngenye yezindlela eziningana. Eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi amanzi okujula, okwesibili kungenasisekelo. Okokugcina kusetshenziselwa ukuguqula kusuka esigabeni samanzi esiqongelela emva kwezikhukhula zonyaka noma isivunguvungu esinzima, kuyilapho esidala isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izinga lomswakama lomhlabathi ngokusebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Imithombo yamanzi, njengombuso, ikhethwa hhayi kuphela kuye ngokuthi isimo sesayithi, kodwa futhi ngokuhambisana nezintandokazi zomnikazi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuhlukahluka ngalunye kunokwakheka kwehlukile nokuzikhethela, kungenziwa kuhlelwe yedwa.

Izici zomklamo wamanzi

Idivayisi yokugeleza kwisayithi ngezandla ezakhe kufanele ilandelwe ngemithetho. Ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma ngobuso, leli fomu lingaba iphuzu noma elilinganayo. Iyokuqala iklanyelwe ukukhipha amanzi kusuka ezindaweni eziphakeme, ezikude kakhulu. Kodwa uma kunesidingo sokubhekana nokuqoqwa kwamanzi, kudingekile ukuhlomisa amanzi okufaka, okuyinto efakazela ukuthi kukhona khona imithombo yamanzi. Lokhu kungaba yinsimu ekhona ngaphansi kwamanzi, ezindaweni eziphansi zezindawo, kanye nasezindaweni ezingezansi zamatayimu, futhi izindawo zokungena zikhonza njengento yokufaka imithombo yamanzi. Lolu hlelo luyinto elula futhi aludingi isidingo sokudweba kuqala kwesikimu esikhethekile.

Idivayisi yokudonsa kwisayithi ngezandla zomuntu siqu izovela kunzima kakhulu, uma kungumbuzo wesistimu yohlobo olulodwa. Lolu hlobo lwamanzi lunikeza umsebenzi wokukhipha amanzi ezakhiweni, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezo zindlela zikwazi ukubhekana nokuvikeleka kwamathrekhi endaweni endaweni yamanzi, ngokucophelela zivikela iminyango yomabili, futhi ziyakwenqabela ukuhlanza isithombo esivundile somhlabathi endaweni yesigodi.

Izici zamanzi ahamba phambili

Uma uchaza umsele olinganiselwe, singakusho lokhu: lo mklamo uboniswa kusengaphambili ngesistimu ehleliwe yamathangi angajulile. Lezi zinsuku zibekiwe ngenye indlela, zilahlwa eduze komkhawulo wendawo futhi kulezo zindawo lapho kutholakala khona ukuqoqwa kwamanzi. Idivayisi yokudonsa endaweni engadini enezandla zomuntu iqala ukudweba iphrojekthi yesayithi. Lapho kufanele kube khona umsele, okudingekayo ukuqoqwa kwamanzi angena emigodini. Ukuphela kwalo kufanele kube kokungenwa kwamanzi, okungenzeka kube yisiphepho noma umkhumbi wesiphepho sendabuko.

Ngesikhathi sokuklama, kubalulekile ukucabangela izindawo lapho kutholakala khona ukuqhuma kwamanzi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ubeke amatshe kusukela kulezi zindawo kuze kube emanzini amakhulu. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi umthamo wamanzi kufanele ubalwe kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho amanzi angeke ahambe. Ukuphambuka okuncane kunazo zonke kwamanzi kungamamitha angu-0.003, njengenhlabathi enhlabathi. Mayelana nomhlabathi ocacile, lo mfanekiso kufanele ulingane no-0.002 m. Umamukeli kumele abekwe ukuze isikhundla saso singaphansi kwemifula ehambisanayo, kungalokhu kubalwa futhi kubalulekile ukususa isayithi ngezandla zakho. Ukugeleza kwamasayithi, njengemikhonyovu yokubonisa, kwenzeka ngokuphumelelayo uma umthamo ulingana no-0.005-0.01 m.

Izici zelungiselelo lokugeleza kwamanzi

Emalungiselelweni okugeleza komhlaba, kumele kusetshenziswe izindlela ezimbili. Owokuqala wabo uvulekile. Inikeza ukumba amathanga avulekile. Izindonga zezinhlaka ezinjalo kufanele zenziwe ekona elilingana no-30 °, imingcele efana naleyo izovumela ukuthi uketshezi lugeleze ngaphakathi emgodini. Umklamo kufanele ube nobubanzi buka-0.5m, kanti ukujula kwawo kufanele kube okulingana no-0.7 m. Njengoba inzuzo enkulu yeso simiso kungcono ukukwenziwa. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi okungathí sina okungathí sina, okuvezwa ekubukeni okungewona ubuhle, okuzoyiphutha umqondo jikelele wesayithi.

Ukuqinisa izindonga zesistimu yamanzi

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma izindonga zingagciniwe, ngokushesha zizoqala ukuqubuka, okuzoholela ekwakhiweni kokulahlekelwa. Kungenzeka ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokusebenzisa i-backfill ye-rubble, okuvimbela ukubhujiswa komsele, kodwa akuphunyuki ukuthi amandla azohliswa kakhulu.

Ukugeleza kwesayithi ngezandla zomuntu siqu, ubuchwepheshe okumele bufundwe ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi, kuhilela ukugcwalisa emuva kwengxenye engezansi ye-groove ngetshe elichotshoziwe, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezincane kakhulu, kuyilapho ingxenye engaphezulu kudingekile ukuthatha imfucuza ehlutshiwe kahle. Lokhu kuzoxazulula inkinga yezindonga ezidilizayo. Ukusuka ngenhla konke kungahlanganiswa ne-turf.

Ukuxazulula inkinga yokukhipha kungenzeka futhi indlela yokusebenzisa amathreyi okugeleza, aphakanyiswe emgodini, phezulu nakho konke okudingayo ukuvala i-lattice. Lezi zinsuku ziyadingeka ukuze ugweme ukuthola udoti. Emkhakheni wezitayipi kungaba ukhonkolo, ipulasitiki noma i-polymer, kanti i-grate ingaba yensimbi noma ipulasitiki.

Izici zedivaysi ejulile yamanzi

Uma unesithakazelo ekufakweni kwesistimu yamanzi kusayithi, kungenzeka ukucabangela izici zokufakwa kohlobo olujulile lokwakhiwa. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umswakama jikelele wenhlabathi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, kufanele kube ngaphansi kwetafula lamanzi emhlabathini. Ekuqaleni, kwenziwa isakhiwo senkundla ye-geodetic, esizovumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi i-aquifer ikhona kuphi.

Ukuze unqume ukuthi yikuphi ukujula kwezikhukhula ezizofakwa, amanani ajwayelekile kufanele acatshangelwe. Ngakho, amapayipi angatholakala endaweni ejulile ka-0.6 kuya ku-1.5 m.

Uma kudingekile ukuthi usebenze nensimu lapho inhlabathi ye-peat kufanele ibeke khona imingcele ejulile, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlabathi enjalo isheshe ixazulule. Ukujula kokufakwa - ngaphakathi kwe-1-1.6 m. Ukuze usebenze ohlelweni lwesistimu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amapayipi nge-perforation. Njengomthetho, zisekelwe epulasitiki. Ukugeleza endaweni yangasemadolobheni ngezandla zabo, idivayisi echazwe kulesi sihloko, kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-drain, kuze kufike ohlelweni olujulile. Ngakho-ke, izikhukhula zingamapayipi Ø50-200 mm, lapho kukhona izimbobo Ø1.5-5 mm.

Izincomo zokufaka amanzi okujula

Endabeni yesimiso esijulile, njengasendabeni yokugeleza komhlaba, uhlelo luqala ukuba khona kwe-trunk trunk. Kuzoqoqa umswakama kusuka emipayipi yesibili, futhi ukuphela kwayo kuzongena ekudleni kwamanzi. Uma uhlela uhlelo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi amapayipi e-perforated azofakwa ngesisekelo setshe nelitshe elichotshoziwe. Esikhathini sokusebenza komsebenzi kuzodingeka ukuthi wenze izixhobo zemishini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iziteshi zikhishwa, ububanzi bawo buyi-40 cm. Iphansi libeka ungqimba ngendlala, kuphela emva kokuthi uqhubeke nokubeka ipayipi. Ngezinye izikhathi ugoqwe nge-geotextile, okukuvumela ukuthi uvikele izimbobo ekungeneni.

Ukufakwa kwemithombo

Ngaphandle kosizo lwabachwepheshe ezingeni lokuqala, ukugeleza okujulile kwesayithi ngokwakho akunakwenziwa; Iphrojekthi, idivayisi kufanele iphathwe ithimba labachwepheshe. Ukuze ukwazi ukulawula inqubo yokugeleza nokuhlanza uhlelo, udinga ukufaka imithombo ekhethekile. Ngokwesisekelo sabo kungenziwa ukuqinisekiswa khonkolo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukujula kwamanzi kungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu, kufanele kusetshenziswe amapayipi okonakele. Izakhiwo kumele zenziwe ngezingubo zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ingress of debris.

Izincomo zokufaka imithombo

Kudingekile ukuba uhambisane nayo yonke imithetho, uma unquma ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokudonsa kusayithi, umqondo jikelele wemifudlana ejulile ihilela ukubeka imithombo emgqeni oqondile ngezinyathelo zamamitha angu-50, njengokungathi umsele, imithombo kufanele ibe njalo. Qinisekisa ukuthi uxhumane nensizakalo yokuhlola uma udinga ukwakha uhlelo olunjalo lwamanzi okujula.