Komhlaba

Amanzi asemhlabathini - amanzi okuyizinto isimo okuqinile, uketshezi noma isisi phezulu uqweqwe e ukushuba yamadwala. Bangabakhe izinsiza hydrosphere. Ngo ezifana ukwelashwa ezindaweni indawo lokushisa ungaphakathi uhla kusuka lokususa plus ayisishiyagalolunye nantathu degrees namakhulu amabili namashumi, kanye umfutho ukujiya yabo zokhahlamba kusuka eziningana ukuze MPA ayizinkulungwane ezintathu.

imithombo yamanzi Underground zihlukaniswe kuye ngendawo zazo zibe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

- Pore, atholakala amatshe, isihlabathi futhi ahlukahlukene rocks clastic ;

- imifantu noma vein okwenzeka sandstones futhi granites;

- Karst, elise Gypsum, dolomite limestone nye shushuzela encibilikayo.

Gravity noma khulula amanzi uhamba ngaphansi kwethonya adonsela phansi. Ngokungafani nabo Hydro ezihambisana ifomu kwamadwala izingqimba noma khathizwe.

Owokuqala komhlaba wembozwe ongagcini ngaphandle kwengcindezi. Ibizwa ngokuthi "etafuleni amanzi". ukujula Its encike ngqo kwi indawo endaweni. Ushintsho nesenzakalo nemingcele ethathwe yizinto zokuphasa izingongolo zokuthwala zone enkabazwe.

Ezindaweni European Russia ukubaluleka isilinganiso we umkhathizwe ukwanda enhlabathini ungqimba kancane kancane kusukela enyakatho kuya ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ukujula. Uma emathafeni komhlaba elise ngqo ebusweni uqweqwe, ezindaweni aseningizimu - at a amashumi amaningana amamitha ukujula. I izinsiza amanzi idatha ukujula esiphezulu kuhluka amakhilomitha eyishumi kuya.

Amanzi asemhlabathini izixazululo okuyinto zihlanganisa nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka ayisithupha amakhemikhali, nezinto ezincane eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene. Ngo idatha ngokuvamile Hydro igesi ukugcwaliswa. Amanzi ezingqimbeni eliphezulu uqweqwe eMhlabeni uhlukaniswe izigaba kuncike ngezinga elithile ukugcwaliswa amaminerali. ukuhlukanisa:

- fresh;

- brackish;

- anosawoti;

- brines ngomshoshaphansi.

Umsuka komhlaba kubonakale ku ngezigaba zabo ejwayelekile:

1. Ukungena ngobuqili enhlanganweni izingqimba ezakhiwe percolation emfuleni, amanzi emvula noma ancibilikise amanzi kusuka komhlaba.

2. ukufingqa khathizwe zibangelwa izinqubo ukufingqa amanzi umusi in pores noma imifantu edwaleni.

3. sedimentation emthonjeni komhlaba akhiwa ngenxa Geological sedimentation hlobo. Ayevame bangcwatshwe amanzi, umsuka zasolwandle. Futhi zihlanganisa imibhede ultrafresh e imali moraine, kanye namachibi halmeic.

4. Komhlaba eziphathelene MAGMATOGENE uhlobo lisuselwa magma okuyinto isidlulile inqubo crystallization, kanye emadwaleni ngenxa metamorphism yabo.

Iningi izinkomba ambalwa kanye qualitative (ingcindezi ezingeni, ukugeleza, igesi kanye nokusungulwa chemical, izinga lokushisa, njll) inhlabathi izingqimba ukungenwa izinguquko kokubili yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside, belinganisa imodi zabo ezivamile. Ngakho uJesu oyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo oscillation izici siboniswa engajulile yamanzi situ.

Hydro, ise-izingqimba engenhla ungqimba lomhlaba, ihlukaniswa njengoba ingxenye enkulu yemithombo yemvelo uvuseleleke. Ukuze azivikele Ukuwohloka nokungcoliswa, ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-, futhi ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi amanzi eyanele kugadwa komhlaba. Inhlangano kanye nokuphathwa kwe-ukulawula le misebenzi kungumsebenzi oqondile walabo izinhlangano eziye wathola ilayisense for the isizinda kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemithombo yamanzi kwenza zemvelo. Lapho ukuqapha ukukhiqiza bawenza luhlolo sanitary zone amanzi eyanele. Lemisebenti enzelwe ukuhlonza imithombo Cishe komhlaba ukungcola Yabelana icala nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho ukuqeda ukuphulwa.