Idolobha lase-Ostrov (isifunda se-Pskov): umlando kanye nezinto zokubuka

Esikhathini se-Pskov kukhona i-lake legama elifanayo, lapho kugeleza khona umfula okuthiwa u-Velikaya. Kuwo umuzi wesiqhingi, futhi unendawo yokuphatha.

Ukubaluleka kwesakhiwo seqhingi ekuvikeleni imingcele yombuso waseRashiya

Uma ulandela le mibhalo, bese uhamba ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-14, esiqhingini, esihlanjwe nguMfula Omkhulu ngakolunye uhlangothi, neSiteshi seSlobozhich ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakukhona inqaba. Okungenani, ukukhulunywa ngempi yabakhileyo be-Pskov ne-Knights ye- Livonian Order yahlala . Abaphikisi balwa ngokumelene nalabo abahlaseli. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi babeyoba nenhlanhla uma abaqaphi beSiqhingi bengasindanga, uVasil Onisimovich wayeyi-posadnik. Kwabahlaseli, lokhu kwakumangaza ngempela.

Inqaba yamahektare angu-2 esiqhingini ngaleso sikhathi yayibhekwa njengesakhiwo esinamatshe esiphezulu esinamandla. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko sakhiwo sasingu-gray limestone. Izindonga ezinezingqimba ezinhlanu eceleni komjikelezo kanye nezikhohlisi kwakuyisiqiniseko esinokwethenjelwa, ukuvikela isango elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Ukubaluleka komlando yiSiqhingi (isifunda se-Pskov). Izithombe zomuzi wanamuhla zingabonakala kulesi sihloko.

Ensimini ngo-1542 isonto laseSt. Nicholas lakhiwa, okuvela endaweni yokubukeka kwezakhiwo eziqedile ngokuphelele indawo, ngokungafani ukushintsha ukubukeka kwalo okubuhlungu. Isiqhingi esiqhingini sangena endaweni ye-suburban kaPhukov, ngokuqinisekile sigubha imingcele yamazwe ayo eningizimu.

U-Livontsy ngokuphindaphindiwe (ngo-1348, 1406, 1426) wazama ukuthatha ingxenye yendawo yaseRashiya. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlangana nokumelana nokufutheka kwamaPhkovites. Imizamo yokubamba lesi siqhingi amaJalimane namaLithuanians yenziwa ngekhulu le-15.

Unyaka ka-1501 waphumelela amaJalimane, eholwa nguWarter von Plettenberg owayengumphikisi wempi. Inqaba yayingakwazi ukucindezela. Ukuhlaselwa kwahambisana nokubhoboza okukhulu ngemicibisholo evuthayo nezibhamu. Inqaba yavutha futhi ayikwazanga ukumelana nokuhlaselwa. Enye ingxenye yekamu elingu-4 000 yabhujiswa, kanti enye yabanjwa. Ngenxa yokuwa kwenqaba, izakhamuzi zazingenakuzivikela, zaphangwa futhi zonakaliswa. Kodwa-ke, idolobha lase-Ostrov (esifundeni sasePhkov) alingekho isikhathi eside ngaphansi komsebenzi.

Amazwe aseRashiya

Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-80, le nqaba yahlasela ibutho lasePoland likaStephen Batory, kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa umbuso waseRussia noRzeczpospolita basayina iSivumelwano Sokuthula SaseZapol (ngoJanuwari 1582), ngokusho ukuthi umuzi wase-Ostrov (esifundeni sasePsykov) wawuyindawo yaseRussia.

Kuthatha cishe ingxenye engamashumi amahlanu, lapho phakathi kukaRussia nePoland kwakukhona enye impi yezempi (1632-1634), eyaziwa emlandweni njengempi yaseSmolensk. Izitha ezonakaliswa yisiqhingi somlilo. Kuze kube yi-1510, ngenkathi isiqhingi singabombuso waseMoscow, ukuphathwa kwenzelwa yi-posadnik, futhi i-veche yabizwa.

Isiqhingi - idolobha elisedolobheni

Ngo-1700, uZar Peter waqala inkampani yezempi eyaziwa emlandweni njengeNyakatho Yempi. Kwakudingeka ususe eSweden amazwe asinqobile ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 futhi ngaleyo ndlela aqinisekise ukufinyelela kweRussia kuLwandle lwaseBaltic. Njengoba ngokushesha kwacaca, ngo-1708, njengoba ibutho laseRussia liqhubekela phambili ngempumelelo, isidingo sokuba nenqaba yalesi siqhingi sasingasadingeki. Ngakho-ke, empeleni yaqala ukuphenduka idolobha elivamile lesifundazwe.

Ngo-1772 (noma ngo-1777), lesi siqhingi (esifundazweni sase-Pskov) sathola isimo sesifunda. Ngaleso sikhathi, imibhoshongo engu-3 yezinqaba yahlala ingene. Ukulahlwa kwamasonto kwakukhona amathempeli ama-5 esonto. Izakhiwo ezingu-71 kuphela zazingamatshe avela ku-521. NgoMeyi 28, 1781, ezingeni elisemthethweni ngaphandle komuzi wesiqhingi, isambatho saso sasihleliwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezohwebo

UMbusi waseNovgorod Sivers engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18 waphawula ukuthi ukuhweba ngefeksi kungaba nethuba lokuba isiqondiso esithembisayo. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Ngempela, kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elilandelayo kwaba umholi kule mboni yumuzi wesiqhingi (i-Pskov esifundeni). Ngo-1864, kwakhiwa inkampani yokubambisana, eyathengisa i-flax.

Ukubuka kwedolobha

Ibhuloho yezinketho, ezixhuma amabhange ahlukile eMfuleni iVelikaya, yizo ezikhangayo eziyinhloko zesiqhingi. Ngesizathu esihle singacatshangwa ukuthi le brainchild yezinjini uKrasnopolsky Mikhail Yakovlevich iyinhlangano yobuciko emkhakheni wokwakha ibhuloho yasekhaya.

Ukwakhiwa kwaleso sakhiwo kwakha ngamamitha amabili wamamitha angu-94, ahlala kuwo wonke womabili amagatsha omfula. Amaketanga wesigwegwe anemicibisholo elingana nengxenye yobude besikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze kukhishwe izinsika, kusetshenziswe i-slab ekhethiwe yokubala. Itshe le-cobble lisebenza njengezinto ezibhekene nazo. Imigqa emithathu yezinsika yenziwa ngamagranite slabs. Ngo-November 1853, ibhuloho yezinketho yaqala ukusebenza. Ukuvulwa okukhulu kwaqhutshwa ngokuhlanganyela kombusi waseRussia uNicholas I.

Kukhona nezinye izinto eziqhingini zesiqhingi sase-Pskov:

• Umlando Wezempi Wamamitha-Indawo.
• Isikhumbuzo sikaClaudidia Nazarova.
• Isonto likaSt. Nicholas the Wonderworker, elakhiwe ngo-1542.
• Ukungcwatshwa kwabazalwane.
• I-Church of the Women of Myrrhbearers

Zonke lezi zindawo zihle kakhulu futhi zifanele ukunakwa izivakashi.