Ifomethi yefayela (izinhlobo)

Noma ubani oke waba waba nokuphila e ikhompyutha siqu, uyazi ukuthi wonke amafayela abe ifomethi ethize. It ingafundwa ngokuchofoza igama lefayela. It has ifomu: Ingxenye yokuqala - igama inikezwe ngumsebenzisi, okuyinto ivaliwe ngephuzu; yesibili - siqu ngamafomethi. Ngalabo esizihlanganisa bajwayele ukubhekana, ngokuvamile kukhona ezivamile. Kumafilimu - a .avi, umculo - .mp3 futhi .WAV, isithombe - .jpg. Nokho, kukhona inala ezinye izandiso ifayela. Mayelana nabo sixoxa kulesi sihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibheka Uhlelo main, ngawo la mafayela angavulwa kahle.

ngamafomethi Vula wokubuka

Amazwi yokuqala iwukuthi umsebenzisi angase abe yiqiniso lokuthi angamboni ngefomethi yefayela kukhompyutha yakho. Okungukuthi, izotholakala ukuze kuhlelwe (ekushintsheni), futhi ufunde kuphela igama lefayela main, kunokuba idatha emva format ngokwahlukana iphuzu. Uma une Esimweni esinjalo, ungakhathazeki, lutho olungalungile kulokho.

Uhlelo lokusebenza le-Windows unekhono ukufihla amafayela nezakhiwo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngoba ikhompyutha ukusetshenziswa ngokunethezeka kulabo abantu abangafuni ukushintsha format, futhi badinga kuphela PC ngokusebenzisana idatha, mhlawumbe ngisho ukusetshenziswa ekhaya. Nika amandla noma khubaza fihla nezakhiwo nje ukusebenza. Kumele uye ku "Amathuluzi" - iphuzu okuyinto phezulu kunoma iliphi ifasitela ifolda, bese ukhetha okuya phansi imenyu "Izinketho ifolda." It is, ngokufanele, kuzovula ibhokisi lengxoxo lapho ungahlela izici ifolda kanye namafayela. Asikho isidingo ucindezele "Buka" futhi abakhulule (noma ususe) mark ngokumelene nto "Fihla nezandiso izinhlobo zamafayela ezaziwayo." Uma izandiso afihliwe, ifomethi kuzokhonjiswa.

ifayela format. Uhlelo lapho uya khona main

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile kudingeka ucabangele indlela ukuze uthole ikhompyutha ukukhombisa futhi ukufihla ifomethi, kuyomelwe futhi unikeze incazelo emfushane okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo target lapho ifayela lingavuleka. Nokho-ke kungenziwa ngokuthi injongo eyinhloko uhlelo.

Nakhu into: ifomethi efanayo ifayela lingavuleka izicelo ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, .jpg kuvula njengoba uhlelo yokubuka izithombe, kanye ihluzo umhleli ukuhlela. Nokho lingavuleka ingeniswe ku isofthiwe ukwakha nezethulo, isibonelo. Nokho, ngokusebenzisa lokho isicelo thina ngomfanekiso wethu-.jpg evulekile, kuncike umgomo wethu - sifuna ukwenza ngayo. Ngakho-ke, incazelo elandelayo, sizocabangela ukuthi kanye.

amafayela Umbhalo nge ukufomatha

Ake uqale nge incazelo amafayela equkethe ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe. Yiqiniso, ezivame kakhulu zalezi format le-Word (.doc, .docx). Abakwazi kalula uthumele umbhalo kusukela izilungiselelo ezithuthukile (ezifana izihloko, isakhiwo sekhasi, nokunye). amafayela ezinjalo ukuhlelwa kalula kuzo zonke izinguqulo Microsoft Office Word (amafayela .docx, ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-e-2003 nangaphambili). Abasebenzisi abaningi be-uzosebenzisa leli gama processor ethile, uyakwazi okuxhunyanwa umbhalo format.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabiza omunye format - .rtf, nakho lingavuleka Igama, kanye nezinye umhleli ngaphezulu elula, - WordPad.

Futhi-ke, umuntu akakwazi ukhohlwe ukuthi kukhona ifayela .pdf format. It uyakwazi adlulisele hhayi ulwazi umbhalo kuphela (egcinwe, ngokwesibonelo, nge-Office Word), kodwa futhi aqukethe ihluzo izakhi. Namathisela kungaba ngokusebenzisa abahleli isithombe, ezifana Adobe Photoshop.

Amafayela nombhalo ngaphandle format

Uma sikhuluma kwindlela ungathola amafayela umbhalo, awukwazi Yiqiniso, hhayi igama isandiso ethandwa kakhulu. Nakuba ayikwazi okuxhunyanwa kwemibhalo: izihloko, izithombe, amatafula nokunye - kodwa izinhlamvu ngokwabo nezinhlamvu embhalweni engcono lidlulisela ifayela format .txt.

Dala futhi funda konke okusemandleni akhe ngosizo umhleli eziyisisekelo, elitholakala kuwo wonke ama-PC (ngisho hhayi kuphela ohlelweni lokusebenza le-Windows). Lona "incwajana".

Ngoba noma yini ngenhloso ungase udale oyedwa noma omunye umbhalo, kulula futhi elula ukukwenza ngosizo lolu hlelo. Kungaba amanothi njengoba okunamathelayo "ngakwesokunene" kudeskithophu kanye uhlelo amafayela, ibekwe ibamba noma iqoqo idatha ngokusebenzisa izikripthi kanye nezinhlelo.

ingcaca Izinhlelo ze

Yiqiniso, indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke e ukusebenza ikhompuyutha nalowo kithi kudlala schedule. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani: umane khombisa nabangani bakho iholide izithombe zakho noma ukwakha design isayithi - kulezi, kanye nakwezinye eziningi, uzothola izakhiwo ifayela ingcaca.

Njengomthetho, kuba owaziwa futhi .jpg .jpeg (ezivamile), .BMP (wadala namazinga uhlelo Paint umdwebo), .png (imifanekiso, uyakwazi ukugcina isizinda esobala lapho izithombe ezinyakazayo), .gif (imifanekiso animated ehlanganisa eziningana ozimele) kanye .psd (standard ifayela Photoshop, ukulondoloza endaweni yokusebenza kwe-image). Yiqiniso, amafayela ingcaca makhulu kakhulu, kodwa ebhekene nazo futhi akugcini lapho. Ake uqale nge ukuhlaziywa ezindaweni eziyinhloko lapho sisebenzela nge ihluzo.

Buka amashadi

Yiqiniso, kungenziwa wonke amafomethi ifayela lesithombe wavula ukuba ibukwe. Abanye (efana .gif, .jpg futhi .png) ingabukwa besebenzisa uhlelo eziyisisekelo ukubuka izithombe efakwe yimuphi Windows; abanye bakwazi kuphela livulwe ngamathuluzi esikhethekile ukuhlela (isibonelo, .psd noma ifayela CorelDraw). Kulokhu, yesithombe ayikwazi kuphela ukubukela, kodwa futhi ukushintsha oyithandayo.

Izinzuzo izinhlelo ukubona ukuthi akuvumela ukuba sizikhandle ukuze simbone okuqukethwe (ngezinye izikhathi ngezinga elikhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izicelo ezingaba ubambe zokukhwabanisa elincane izithombe (ezifana ukudalwa sokukhanyisa ezengeziwe, ukuqeda "iso-elibomvu" umphumela nabanye). Yiqiniso, bona kungaba ngokuthi nabahleli, kodwa ngokomthetho iphathelene ilungiselelo elinjalo, okwenza kuphela kungenzeka ukuba ahlole izithombe.

ukuhlela isithombe

Ku-okujule nakakhulu ushintsho izithombe nezithombe, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle abahleli. Yiqiniso, ziningi izinhlelo esinda ebhekiwe manje ukuze kalula futhi ngokushesha enze operation oluthile (isib, ukushintsha isithombe noma ukunqunywa usayizi ukuhlunga). Nokho, isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi kakhulu futhi nezimo kunoma isiphi isimo uhlala Photoshop. Ngalolu hlelo, udinga ukuthi ucabange ngendlela ukuvula ifayela format okuqukethwe - ke isekela uhla okubanzi izandiso. Futhi kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iningi lazo singamelana izinguquko. Amathuba ukuthi PS kunikeza abasebenzisi bayo, kumane engenangqondo uhlu.

amafayela omculo

Kusukela izithombe, ukuya umculo namarekhodi - kwesinye isigaba okuqukethwe ziphoqa phakathi abasebenzisi PC. Yiqiniso, lapho ingashiwo ifayela .mp3 format. Kuyinto isandiso ethandwa kakhulu, elikwaziyo isiqinisekiso eliphezulu umsindo umculo wakho. Kuyinto iyahambisana cishe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi odlala amafayela emidiya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kuqashelwe nezakhiwo .wave (oke ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa kumaselula ukuthi Asisekeli .mp3), .aac, .aiff, .flac, .ogg. Umehluko phakathi noma format wukuthi ezinye zazo zisebenzisa umsindo kwedatha, futhi ngenxa yalokho izinga umsindo kulahleka. Abanye aziphendukeli ukuhlanekezela ezinjalo, kodwa amafayela nzima kakhudlwana.

Vula ifayela lokulalelwayo, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi umdlali. Ethandwa kakhulu babo ukusekela lenqwaba nezakhiwo.

Ama-movie ne-Video

Labo ngokuvamile ubukeka ogawuthola noma iyiphi amafilimu, azi kahle ukuthi la mafayela lingama etholakalayo ngefomethi .avi. Lona khetho enembako "Izakhiwo Ifayela ukulondolozwa" isigaba ngokuya idatha zomsindo, ngoba bekwazi ukubonisa izinga okusezingeni enanini eliphezulu lamadivayisi. Nokho, ngaphandle kwakhe, yebo, ungabukela ividiyo ngekhwalithi ephansi kodwa izinguqulo ezindala ze-Movie (.3gp), futhi .mp4 (isizukulwane amadala wabadlali), .mpeg, nabanye.

Nalapha futhi, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-eziqoshiwe, ungakwazi ukuvula nabo yimuphi umdlali ividiyo ku-Windows noma MacOS.

Ikhasi lewebhu format

Uyazi ukuthi amakheli amaningi ewebhu eligcina .html. Strange, akunjalo? Kunengqondo ukuba ikhasi kwi-Inthanethi bangase bagcine ngendlela efanayo njengoba isandiso fayela?

Kulula kabi! Eqinisweni, uya umthombo ethile, sibiza leli fayela. Futhi-ke, uma ubona ifayela .html format kukhompyutha yakho, ungaqiniseka: ngaphambi ikhasi lewebhu onayo. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ngibe uyivule?

Konke kuncike injongo kwethulwa ifayela enjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna nje ukubuka okuqukethwe kwalo futhi indlela ikhodi uboniswa - ungasebenzisa isiphequluli ngokuphepha (i-Google Chrome, Opera, Mozilla - okukhethayo).

Endabeni efanayo, uma ufuna ukushintsha khasi, kudingeka ukuba uyisebenzise usebenzisa sombhalo, uthome elula, "incwajana", ziphethe isixazululo olunzulu ngokudala amakhasi ewebhu --Adobe Dreamweaver.

amafayela System nokwenza amafayela

Ngakho, ngemva kokuphothula ukucabangela lezi izinhlobo amafayela, ezifana umculo, izithombe, ama-movie namakhasi ewebhu, udlulela esinye isigaba zibaluleke ngokulinganayo idatha ngawo sonke sibhekana ngokuvamile kakhulu - kuba amafayela system.

Njengomthetho, siyazi ukuthi badlala indima ebalulekile ukusebenza kwesimiso sethu. Futhi sizama ingamthinti kubo, ukuze singathwesi nezinkinga ezingeni yesistimu yokusebenza. Lawa mafayela ngokuvamile ngefomethi .dll, futhi sasivame ukuzishaya indiva.

Esinye isigaba - kungcono amafayela ukubulawa ube .exe isandiso. Siyazi ukuthi uma ugijima ifayela, bese uvula uhlelo noma isicelo eziphathelene nayo. Ngokuvamile, ukulanda kusuka ku-intanethi kuyinto engaziwa uhlobo lwefayela file.exe, singakwazi futhi ubone isicelo isixwayiso unqulo wesi arab, okuwuphawu usongo amafayela anjalo.

Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi, .exe ingaqalisa anhlobonhlobo zokubhala kukhompyutha yakho, ngakho kufanele uqaphele nabo.

Kwenzakalani uma ushintshe ifomethi?

Enye touch kuya kulesitfupha ngesihloko ezifana Ukukhetha zohlelo, ngawo ungakwazi ukuvula ifayela ngesakhiwo.

Iqiniso lokuthi abaningi wokwanda idatha ikhululekile ukuze angavulwa ngokusebenzisa izicelo ahlukahlukene. Njengoba isibonelo .jpg. Encwadini ejwayelekile isibukeli sesithombe, uzobona isithombe ngokwaso, ngesikhathi Photoshop, ngeke ukuvula yonke indawo ukusebenza, ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe isithombe ofuna.

Lena isibonelo esihle ukuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi etholakala ngamunye icala ngabanye incike isofthiwe ukusebenza esikuyo. Uma uvula ifayela index.html kusiphequluli, uzobona wesayithi, kanti notebook kuzokwenza mass nge emigqeni ikhodi. Njalo njalo.

Kuyiqiniso, yebo, ukushintsha uhlelo ukuvula izinhlobo ezahlukene amafayela kungaba silinganisela ngendlela enengqondo. Wakubeka ngale ndlela lokhu: ukuvula ifayela umsindo usebenzisa incwajana, unga, kodwa lokho uzobona, ngeke ukukhuluma nawe nganoma yini: kuba nenqwaba ukwaziswa okubhalwe uboniswa ngokuthi "izinhlamvu."

izandiso Fihla ifayela

Ngakho, saba ukusihambisa kafushane besibonisa ngamafomethi, okuvame ukubhekana abasebenzisi kuphele. Yiqiniso, kunabaningi. Futhi kusobala ukuthi akuwona wonke wabo Usebenze mathupha. Vele kungenzeka abakaze bacabange ngenhloso ezinye izakhiwo, futhi manje bayoba kancane sobala.

Manje, uma ungakhululekile njalo ubone uhlobo ifayela ngasizathu simbe (isibonelo, ungenawo ngephutha ifomethi igama), ungakwazi ukukhubaza lesi sici. Lokhu kungenziwa in the "isakhiwo" kwanoma iyiphi ifolda, faka uqhwishi ebhokisini "Ungabonisi izandiso ifayela." Iningi abasebenzisi computer ekhaya ochwepheshe anikeze iseluleko ukukwenza ngendlela ukuze singathwesi uthole bedidekile ngokuthi okuyinto ifomethi yefayela, uma kabusha.