IKazan Cathedral Petersburg: umlando, isithombe, kanye nekheli. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo iKazan Cathedral (Saint Petersburg)?

Petersburg kubhekwa njengento inhlokodolobha kwamasiko wezwe lakithi. Iminyuziyamu yeshashalazi, izikhumbuzo, amathempeli, amasonto ngokungagwegwesi ukutshela umlando acacile futhi ngezinye izikhathi edabukisayo Russia. Ubufakazi zekhulu sokwedlula Cathedral omangalisayo Kazan Petersburg.

Christmas (Kazan) Church

At the site, okuyinto manje iKazan Cathedral, Church of the kukaJesu kwaba ngaphambi 1801. Ubethula lakhiwa oda Empress Anny Ioannovny. Ukuzalwa KukaKristu ukwakhiwa isonto Virgin eyathatha iminyaka emithathu (1733-1736 GG.). Juni 23, 1737 isonto khona iNdlovukazi ngikweluleke busisa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva ethempelini wenza Kazan isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Lokhu esifuze bawungenisa 1708 ngu-Peter I. isonto isibe gem wangempela saseNevsky Prospekt. imitha-58 multi-storey isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ngempela wobuciko yobuciko yokwakha. Church of the kukaJesu kuyinto umakhi M. Zemtsov. Ezinsukwini wokubusa Elizabeth Temple got isimo lombhishobhi.

IKazan Cathedral Petersburg. History of the isakhiwo

Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu-zakhiwo agugile ayisekho nefomethi eyasungulwa ngesikhathi ukubonakala nenhle of saseNevsky Prospekt. Ngakho kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe kabusha ngokuphelele iKazan Cathedral. Ngo 1799 ngemiyalo yezikhulu Tsar uPawulu mina, ngamemezela umncintiswano iphrojekthi entsha esontweni. Enye yezimfuneko zokusinda owayengumbusi ukuthi kumele sifane Roman Cathedral of St Peter, ezakhiwe umakhi Yenguquko Michelangelo Buonarroti. Kwakuyinselele ukuze abakhi: isikhala esincane edingekayo sesakhiwe kakade ukuze ubhale isakhiwo omkhulukazi nge emphemeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana izimiso ze-altare Orthodox ngempela ke kwakumelwe ngasempumalanga. Ngenxa yalokho, olungaphambili lwesonto lwesakhiwo lwase hhayi ukuphuma saseNevsky Prospect, futhi Meshchanskaya Street (manje Kazan).

amaphrojekthi zawo zincikene abaklami abaningi abavelele ezifana P. Gonzaga, Voronihin A. N., Charles Cameron futhi Tom de Thomon JF Okokuqala uPawulu ngawa like Charles Cameron iphrojekthi, kodwa ngemva iqhaza Ukubala ukwakhiwa Stroganov waphathiswa engu-amane Voronikhin wezakhiwo Andrew Nikiforovich. Ngo-1800, Cathedral of the Kazan uNina kaNkulunkulu waqala ukwakha eningizimu Church of the kukaJesu. Sonke lesi sikhathi ithempeli waqhubeka esebenza. IKazan Cathedral Petersburg bahlela ukwakha iminyaka emine, kodwa ukwakhiwa yephuza ende iminyaka eyishumi nanye. Yenzeka ngokumelene isizinda intshiseko enkulu yobuzwe, imbangela owawungumnyaka isiphakamiso Ukubala Stroganov asebenza amakhosi Russian kuphela. Zonke izinto zokwakha wayebuye yasekhaya. Umsebenzi lapho Kwakuhileleke izinkulungwane serfs senzeka ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, inqubo iyivelakancane ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, iminyaka eyishumi nanye wakwazi ukwakha wobuciko yobuciko yezakhiwo. Ngesikhathi ukuphakama ethempelini ifinyelela 71 metres, ngesikhathi - umdondoshiya yangempela. IKazan Cathedral Petersburg waba lesikhumbuzo ngokubabazekayo bokwakha Russian.

izakhiwo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukwakhiwa kwalesi iKazan Cathedral Kwakungewona umsebenzi olula lowo. Kusukela canons Orthodox kwe-altare kufanele akhanyiswe empumalanga, isicabha kuvula ungene Meshchanskaya Street. SaseNevsky Prospect yilona lombhishobhi eshiya odongeni ohlangothini. Voronikhin eyakhelwe endaweni encane semi isiyingi, elikhombisa emphemeni 95 amakholomu. A kwesokunxele nakwesokudla sekuqediwe by inthanethi omkhulu. Emphemeni uvala umzimba omkhulu lombhishobhi, maphakathi ke eziphawuleka kuvulandi grand. Futhi abantu babe nomuzwa wokuthi lo eyinhloko yokungena ethempelini lapha. Cathedral esime a Latin cross, kunqoba grand Dome sredokrestiem.

umhlobiso

IKazan Cathedral Petersburg, is abatelekile ubuhle bayo kanye nobuhle. ukunakwa okuningi sakhokhwa umhlobiso zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngenhla ukubaza kanye bas-imifanekiso amakhosi amaningi adumile ezifana I. P. Prokofev (zethusi sibalo Andreya Pervozvannogo, le esiqoshiwe sase-"Ekuphakanyisweni yenyoka sokweyisa"), SS Pimenov (ebaziwe uVladimir Equal kubaPhostoli kanye Aleksandra Nevskogo), I. P. Martos ( lethusi sibalo Ioanna Krestitelya, le esiqoshiwe sase-"izikelemu amanzi noMose ehlane"), FG Gordeev (bas-imifanekiso we "Annunciation", "i wokudumisa abelusi", "wokudumisa izazi", "i-Flight eGibithe"). Ukuze umhlobiso yangaphakathi zezimpawu abangu zaveza by abaculi umhlabeleli yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19: O. A. Kiprenskim, V. L. Borovikovskim, V. K. Shebuevym GI Ugryumov, F. A. Bruni, K. P. Bryullovym. Ukuze Ingaphandle ngombala esetshenziswa zemabula, shungite, ijaspi, egwadle Finnish.

Cathedral nekhulu le-19

Ngemva konyaka yokwahlukaniselwa lethempeli ladatshulwa wakhonza isiguqo behlonipha ukuthumela amasosha Russian impi. Mihail Illarionovich Kutuzov nayo ingathunyelwa lokuyala amabutho ala izindonga. IKazan Cathedral Petersburg isibe isiphephelo lokugcina jikelele omkhulu, wembelwa e-Crypt yesonto. Ngemva konyaka, lapho senzeka celebration behlonipha ukunqoba okuphelele amasosha Russian phezu abahlaseli French. IKazan Cathedral (Saint Petersburg) waba lesikhumbuzo Russian enkazimulweni wezempi. It wagcina Trophies ababuyiswe impi.

Isiphetho lombhishobhi kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa-wamavukelambuso

isiphetho Heavy elindelwe ethempelini kusukela 1917. Khulekela sathula. Nge ukugeza isuswe esiphambanweni, endaweni yayo ibholo eyayibhalwe nge Spire. IKazan Cathedral (Saint Petersburg) sashintshwa saba a Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism. Abaningi izithonjana zidluliselwe kuMbuso Russian Museum. Isithonjana we Kazan UnguNina KaNkulunkulu wayiswa Prince uVladimir Museum. Isikhala ingaphakathi lahlukaniswa laba amahholo embukisweni. Ngenxa izinguquko wezangaphakathi yabhidlika kabana, ingxenye yempahla wayemane iyophangwa. Ngo-1941, i-Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism zivaliwe okwesikhashana, futhi sesonto okuhleliwe embukisweni enesihloko esithi "Impi ka 1812" futhi "War of the abantu Russian esidlule." Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ngu ngamabhomu abahlaseli amaNazi yabhidlika kabana Petersburg. IKazan Cathedral, izithombe zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko iyathinteka. Isonto liye wayithi amagobolondo ambalwa. Ngemva kwempi, ukubuyiselwa kwakhe kwenziwa.

Cathedral namuhla

1991 kwaba yingqopha-mlando emlandweni wesonto - ke isivuliwe ngenjongo yokukhulekela. Ngawo lowo nyaka lombhishobhi waphindiselwa isithonjana Our Lady of Kazan. Futhi Dome futhi nawo esiphambanweni yegolide iminyaka emithathu. Ngo-1998, phezu lombhishobhi Kazan insimbi futhi kwakuzwakala kuye, "izwi wabuya." Insimbi waphonswa ngesikhathi Baltic Shipyard. Ngo-2003, lesi sitshalo efanayo adluliselwe ezine-ton ethempelini insimbi, owawungumnyaka ezinkulu kuleli iKazan Cathedral. Futhi ngo-2000, isonto lombhishobhi waba lombhishobhi. Ethempelini yokukhulekela zivame khona kuwo izikhulu phezulu sabaphathi Orthodox. Septhemba 12 unyaka ngamunye kusukela Kazan Cathedral udwendwe ukuze Alexander saseNevsky Lavra. Kuwo wonke umlando ithempeli kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo abbots eziningi. Manje li is IsAm Pavel Grigorevich Krasnotsvetov owazalwa ngo-1932.

Ikheli kanye Opening Amahora

IKazan Cathedral sise: Petersburg, saseNevsky Prospekt, indlu 25. Ithempeli ivuliwe nsuku zonke: phakathi nezinsuku kusuka 8,30 am kuya 6,30 ngezimpelasonto. Indawo yokungena Cathedral imahhala.