Petersburg zamakhosi - amagugu yezakhiwo. Yini babe izigodlo Petersburg?

Petersburg lingumuzi zamakhosi. Kusukela Ukusungulwa walo, UPetru wayehlala-ke royal nomndeni, ihlobo nobusika ezindlini okwakhiwa kuso ngoba. Lezi zakhiwo futhi udale umfanekiso esiyingqayizivele komuzi.

Leli phephandaba izokwethulwa izigodlo edume kunazo Petersburg. Ngemva kokufunda lesi kokubukeza kafushane izakhiwo zendlunkulu, uyofunda kancane ngomlando enhlokodolobha enyakatho nezinto zalo ezikhangayo. Futhi uma esikhathini esizayo unquma ukuvakashela Petersburg izigodlo, bayoba ahlatshwe umxhwele ubuhle okunethezeka yayo Interiors. Phela, ngamunye uhlukile futhi kuyinto gem yezakhiwo komuzi.

Mikhailovsky Palace eSt

Ngo 1719 kusayithi lapho okwamanje iyona Mikhailovsky Palace, yena egqilazwe uPetru mina engadini yezithelo. Welula eMfuleni Fontanka ukuze Krivusha. Ngo-1798 Paul nganquma ukwakha indodana yakhe uMichael kule sayithi amafulethi. Wayala ukuba bahlehlise ngu abangamakhulu ezinkulungwane eziningana minyaka yonke ukwakha. Ngu-1819 uye enqwabelene esibalulekile, kodwa ngemva umbuso esigodlweni, ngazibulala Akukhona ukuthi uPawulu wayezama.

Kodwa intando inkosi wayesalokhu eyenziwa u-Alexander I, eyaqala ukwakhiwa. Mikhailovsky Palace eSt Yakhiwa sibonga umakhi K. I. Rossi. Lesi sakhiwo senzelwe ukwakha izindlu Russian ehlanganisa umzimba omkhulu futhi amaphiko amabili lateral. Ngo 1823 sikuyekile umsebenzi wokwakha, futhi ngo-1825 waqala sekugcineni. Ngenhla umhlobiso ingaphakathi isebenza abaculi emihle, Okugweda, amakhosi ifenisha, itshe-bezihlahla. Emnyango isakhiwo kukhona ezitebhisini ububanzi wenza egwadle. It lihlotshiswe eziqoshiwe ezimbili ibhubezi ohlangothini ngalunye. Ngo-1895, i-oda esasayinwa uNicholas II ukuthi isigodlo manje Russian Museum of uMbusi u-Alexander III.

Okwamanje, ngokuvakashela isakhiwo, uzothola iqoqo elikhulu kakhulu lobuciko isiRashiya, zabalingiswa ezifana abaculi abadumile njengoba A. Rublev, K. Bryullov, F. Shubin, Repin, Shishkin, Mikhail Vrubel, M. Chagall nabanye abaningi .

Nest stroganoff

Kwakungesale Bala Stroganov. Yakhiwa 1753. Lesi sakhiwo uvezwa njengoMahluleli isibonelo esiphelele baraque Russian. Le phrojekthi sidalwe wezakhiwo F. B. Rastrelli. Lalinama amakamelo amahlanu, ihholo elikhulu futhi igalari. Ngemva inguquko, yena wayiswa yakhe isidleke umndeni stroganoff umndeni. Isigodlo antshontsha, wabhubhisa amaqoqo acebile.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi isakhiwo wasetshenziswa ejenti kahulumeni. Futhi ngo-1990, ke kunikezwa Museum Russian. It agcinwayo yomhlobiso wawo ukuze izinsuku zethu umdanso ihholo kuphela.

Mariinsky Palace

Yakhiwa esizeni ezindlini of Bala IG Chernyshev. Igama wanikezwa behlonipha Princess Mary (indodakazi koMbusi Nicholas mina). Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1839. Lapho wokwakha kusetshenziswa emisha technical ezifana metal semishayweni. The elingaphakathi umxhwele esigodlweni. Umakhi idale isixhobo amakamelo. Esigodlweni ke wawusegunjini ngisho isonto, obadalwa e umoya amasonto WaseByzantium.

Ngemva Februwari Revolution zafakwa isakhiwo iminyaka eminingi, ejensi ezahlukene zikahulumeni. Kusukela ngo-1994, kube izindlu lomthetho Assembly Petersburg.

Yusupov Palace eSt

Ekuqaleni, esigodlweni yakhelwa Ukubala P. I. Shuvalova. Bese ngathuthela Countess AV Brannitskoy. iminyaka engu-35 kamuva esigodlweni wathengwa Prince N. B. Yusupovym. On ukudalwa wobuciko sasebenza ezinye abaklami engcono Abahlobisi.

Kutholwe Yusupov Palace eSt, okungukuthi, eMfuleni Moika. Lesi sakhiwo ingenye zezinhlobo engcono zangaphakathi ahlukile.

Disemba 17, 1916 egumbini lendlu yenkosi kwaziwa yibo bonke umcimbi - owabulawa Rasputin engaqondakali.

Esikhathini sethu, okokuqala - kuba Museum, bese yaseshashalazini, anikeza ukusebenza. Esigodlweni ngasinda ubuhle ngendlela emangalisayo Interiors yayo yasekuqaleni ye XIX leminyaka, okuyinto ngokufudumele ukuvulelwa imishado kanye nezinye imikhosi.

Ubusika Palace

Le ndinganiso obugagu okunethezeka bangempela. Isakhiwo yakhiwa kuleli isitayela Baroque. Ingabe Winter Palace eSt, okungukuthi, loMfula Winter Canal. Lokhu kudalwa F. B. Rastreli ngokuthi inhliziyo enhlokodolobha enyakatho.

Isigodlo Ubude kwamamitha angu-200, ukuphakama - 22 metres, ububanzi - 160 metres. Yakhiwa njengoba quadrangle. Ngaphakathi kuyinto egcekeni elikhulu. Mbumbulu ebhekene emfuleni, phezu Palace Square bebheke Admiralty. Futhi yeka indlela ephelele wazibulala umhlobiso! Olungaphambili lwesonto lihlukaniswe by entablature, zalungisa amakholomu esiyinhlanganisela futhi oda ionic, nemengamo, stucco imifanekiso. The elingaphakathi ecebile ezihlukahlukene casings, isitsha sezimbali zokuhlobisa kanye eziqoshiwe, inala izingxenye olubunjiwe.

Isakhiwo kabusha izikhathi eziningi. Kuze kube manje, izivakashi kanye abahlali Petersburg zibabaza isakhiwo lesithupha iminyaka 1754-1762. umnikazi ngamunye kubhekwe kuyisibopho kwakhe kuze kube umhlobiso ingaphakathi ukwenza izinguquko zakho. Ngokuhamba ukubukeka wasebenza abaklami engcono - Domenico Trezzini, AP Bryullov futhi V P. Stasov.

Phakathi WWII esigodlweni wahlupheka, waba kabusha. Ngemva inguquko kwathiwa Museum State.

Kuleli qophelo kungenzeka ukubona ukuqoqwa ocebile Museum ziphephile, imidwebo zamaciko adumile, zibabaza Interiors we amahholo yasebukhosini kanye eziqoshiwe.

Catherine zesigodlo

Kutholwe Catherine Palace eSt, okungukuthi ngaphandle edolobheni Pushkin (Tsarskoye Selo). I-oda ku ukwakhiwa kuyo ehlobo Catherine ngavuma 1717. Lesi sakhiwo ihlelelwe ukuba kutsha ngasekupheleni Baroque. Zonke kulawulwa wezakhiwo esuka eJalimane I. F. Braunshteynom.

Ngo-1743, Elizaveta Petrovna unqume ukuba bandise futhi ukuhlomisa esigodlweni. I wathuma lo wezakhiwo Russian Alexander Kvasov futhi M. Zemtsov. Ngo 1752 F. B. Rastrelli futhi wakha isigodlo, njengoba iNdlovukazi nomuzwa wokuthi lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda uyisidala. Ngenxa yalokho we Ukudilizwa grand esigodlweni entsha yesimanje, elisetendeni isitayela baraque Russian. Ukuhlela ukwakheka ithatha isinqumo nesibindi umbala olungaphambili lwesonto. Lisebenzisa esibhakabhakeni nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka, ngokuhlanganisa ke nge white negolide.

Umthamo omkhulu walesi sakhiwo ubonakale kude. Kuthinta Interiors, ubungcweti, izingadi. Isakhiwo esigodlweni ilungele imishado okunethezeka. Esikhathini amahholo ngeke dazzle gilding elikhazimulayo, olunamagama Amaze luningi mangaza ezitebhisini amazing kanye Amazing odongeni lokubhalela.

Lesi sigodlo lizungezwe epaki elikhulu. It has a lot of izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu emadokodweni ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngokuyinhloko umhlobiso main - sivale indlela engena emgedeni, Hermitage, Lower futhi Upper Bath.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II esigodlweni labhujiswa antshontsha, kodwa ngenxa yemizamo enkulu restorers iye okuningi abuyiselwe.

Okwamanje, ungavakashela amakamelo embukisweni ezilandelayo: Throne Hall kanye imidwebo; igumbi lokulala; phambi ezimhlophe, itafula oluhlaza langelembu; ofitsiantskuyu; Amber Room.

Residence Sheremetyeva

A ngasogangeni, esisogwini lomfula Fontanka, kwaba ngo 1721 etandleni Field Marshal BP Sheremetev ukwakhiwa kwefa. Sheremetev Palace eSt Yakhiwa sibonga project wezakhiwo F. S. Argunovym futhi S. I. Chevakinskim. Isakhiwo sakhiwa emoyeni bokwakha Russian. Olungaphambili lwesonto ehlotshiswe stucco umhlobiso futhi umhlobiso ingaphakathi washintsha njalo, esekelwe okuthandwa nabanikazi. Ngemva kwezizukulwane ezinhlanu baye bahlala phakathi kwalezi zindonga. Kuze 1917 esigodlweni ingeyamakhosi bohlobo Ibala Sheremetev. Ngemva inguquko, esigodlweni lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye. Ngo-1990, owanikwa Museum of Theatre kanye Umculo. Ngokushesha waqala umsebenzi wokubuyisela. Recreating mbukiso isikhumbuzo Interiors of XIX leminyaka.

Okwamanje, embukisweni esigodlweni ihlelwe ezindaweni ezintathu:

• umlando we Sheremetievs umndeni kwesikhulu;
• iqoqo zomculo;
• embukisweni iqoqo yangasese.

Tauride Palace

Kuze 1781 igama kwaba - Horse Guards isakhiwo. UCatherine II uqambe Tauride. Kwakuwusuku yokuhlala ezweni G. Potemkin. Lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda usayizi umxhwele futhi kwenziwe isitayela classicism Russian. Washeshe wahileleka ukwakhiwa wezakhiwo I. E. Starov.

On ubuso esigodlweni wayenobuhlobo olungaphambili lwesonto elula olukhuni, ngemuva okuyinto efihla umhlobiso ocebile ingaphakathi. Isakhiwo lakhiwe ngemalunga lamatsatfu izakhiwo ezimbili storey, ebekiwe umqhele umkhatsi emaphakathi. Wonke amakamelo zemikhosi ahlotshiswe imidwebo, okhaphethi, ifenisha kanokusho, tapestries, kwendandatho ngegolide ozimele.

Kuleli qophelo esigodlweni kuyinto yindlunkulu CIS oyilungu. Kodwa futhi njalo ekhonsathini kusihlwa.

Menshikov amafulethi

Kutholwe ku Vasilyevsky Island. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1710. Lena sezakhiwo zamatshe endala. Wabonakala Menshikov Palace eSt ngenxa umakhi omkhulu H. Schedel no D. Fountain.

Yakhiwa isitayela Petrine Baroque. The elingaphakathi is eseqedile ngokuvumelana fashion kosuku. Sasebenzisa izinto ezilandelayo: ezibaziweyo ukhuni, lesikhumba, amathayili zaveza izindwangu. Ezitebhisini main senziwa oki. Izakhiwo abangu ehlotshiswe tile. Omunye amakamelo esimnandi kakhulu - lokhu IKhabhinethi Walnut. Kwakukhona curiosities igcinwe namaqoqo ahlukahlukene. Izindonga ziyaphela nge ziyadliwa veneered.

Ngo 1727, Menshikov wadingiselwa Birch. Futhi wayiswa Museum of the ubusosha Corps, nokubuyiselwa kwaqala ngo-1960.

Okwamanje, ngokuvakashela yokuhlala Menshikov, umuntu angabona embukisweni ingaphakathi, okuyinto Sizokwenza Petrine inkathi.

Palace Marble

Kuyinto lesikhumbuzo bokwakha ka classicism ekuseni. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa esetshenziswa itshe yemvelo. Ukuze olungaphambili lwesonto ambozwe futhi umhlobiso ingaphakathi wasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zemabula (isiNtaliyane, Ural, iSiberia ne-rock ngesiGreki). Stone lwesigodlo kuyabamangaza ingcebo, ubuhle, emibalabala. Isakhiwo ezakhiwa umakhi A. Rinaldi engxenyeni kwekhulu XVIII yesibili. Lesi sigodlo kubhekwa isakhiwo sokuqala, okuyinto uphahlwe itshe yemvelo. Yakhiwa ukuze Catherine III ozithandayo. Kodwa-ke ngeshwa, Orlov awazange alinde ekupheleni ukwakhiwa, wafa. Le ndlu ushiywe e impahla asebukhosini.

Kamuva, kwavulwa khona Central V I. Lenina Museum. Lesi sakhiwo ufanelwe ukunakwa zezivakashi abanesifiso umlando Peter ubudala futhi izakhiwo yakhe. Esikhathini amahholo ungabona nemibukiso esilandelayo: "Abaculi Foreign eRussia XVIII-XIX eminyaka", "Museum Ludwig" nokunye. Kusukela ngo-1992, i-Marble Palace lidlule phakathi kwelifa loonyana Russian Museum.

Petersburg ubukhazikhazi umxhwele izakhiwo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba adlulisele ngamagama bonke ubuhle kwezobuciko intuthuko ezikhangayo. Uma uvakashela Petersburg izigodlo, qiniseka ukuthi ujwayelene ukwakhiwa yomlando kanye isiphetho abanikazi bayo.

Kumele ubone ngamehlo akho, la maqiniso ayigugu yezakhiwo. Izigodlo Petersburg ezimele wena!