Imidwebo Makovsky: incazelo, isithombe

Abaculi yayihlanganisiwe Association of Okuhambayo Art Imibukiso - "Wanderers" - kwesokunxele nokuncane elikhanyayo Umdwebo Russian yesithathu yokugcina yekhulu XIX. Lena into Russian kakhulu emlandweni ubuciko, njengoba sici main saba ngamathe nolimi mutual ukuphila wobuciko kanye nomphakathi yezwe. UVladimir Egorovich Makovsky bajoyine Wanderers ngo-1972, ngemva kweminyaka emibili lasungulwa, futhi kwaba omunye wabahlanganyeli ezimatasa. Umdwebo Makovsky sika ekuthokozela ukunakwa ezinkulukazi kulo sokuthuthwa kwempahla lokhu ukunyakaza art.

biography

Wayengomunye amadodana amathathu Egora Ivanovicha Makovskogo - oluvelele sibalo kwezobuciko e Moscow, ngalendoda, omunye wabasunguli be-abadumile eMoscow School of Painting, Umfanekiso and Architecture. Bobabili babebuye - UConstantine Nicholas - kanye udadewabo U-Alexander waba abadwebi nezazi omunye udade - Maria - ngumculi. Ngiseyingane, omunye wothisha kwaba edumile uVladimir Vasily Tropinin.

Imidwebo bokuqala Makovsky, eziqala izigcawu uhlobo "umfana ukuthengisa kvas" (1861), ebhalwe ngineminyaka engu-15, wabonisa ikhono lakhe elikhulu ekugubheni ukuphila ababemzungezile izenzakalo futhi ewayisa ukuba ngendwangu. Ngo 1861 engena MUZHVZ - esikoleni, omunye wabasunguli be-okuyinto ungubaba wakhe. Wathweswa iziqu nge nayo lendondo yesiliva, okwabelwe lelo mdwebo "Ukufundwa Literary" (1865).

Imidwebo eminingi Makovsky baba mlando ekuthuthukisweni yakhe yendalo nangeZwi okhokhelwayo. Umdwebo "ongumlimi abafana aqaphe amahhashi" (1869), wathola isihloko "ikilasi umculi we idigri yokuqala," futhi 'Wabathandi nightingale "(1973) ukhushuliwe Academy of Painting.

A esiningi matasa empilweni imisebenzi master nokufundisa. engu-12 efundisa MUZHVZ - kusukela 1882 kuya 1894, futhi 24 eminyakeni ezayo - ngesikhathi Petersburg Academy of Arts, ekubeni e 1895 the Umphathi Higher School of Art at the Academy of Arts.

umdwebi odumile washona ngo-February 1920 e Petrograd.

"Ukudlala ugogo" (1870)

Umdwebi washada ekuseni, futhi ngo-1869 waba izibulo, kamuva owaba futhi umculi - Alexander Makovsky. Vladimir E., laba izithombe zabo kakade kwadingeka esihlukile uhlobo ukubandakanya, kusukela kuleso sikhathi eziningi ukunakekela isihloko zezingane. Phakathi kwalabo ezikhishwe imidwebo yakhe yokudweba, okwakubekelwa ngowokuqala olwathengwa ngalendoda abadumile Pavlom Mihaylovichem Tretyakovym. It sekuwuphawu ngoba Makovsky ukuqashelwa yokugcina njengoba umdwebi.

izingane ongumlimi adlale umdlalo kufinyeleleke kakhulu kubo. Isebenzisa ugogo - amathambo encane izilwane skeleton - izinkomo noma izingulube. Lo mncintiswano e ukunemba: Lawo matshe ayishumi, owawuya ukuminyana ekhethekile (ugogo, isisindo umthofu), yizisulu umdlali.

... Manje into esemqoka ngabo - umdlalo lapho unikezwa lonke ugqozi. Omunye bawente, sokugxila ibala zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinye zilindele ngokucophelela nokujikijela ezayo. Makovsky, ogama imidwebo kukhona ukucophelela ovelele imininingwane yasendlini, olunembile futhi ezicashile ngokwengqondo. Zonke umdlalo has ubuntu bakhe, ubuntu bakhe. Jikelele - mnene amahlaya okuhle, ngisho asicekeleki izingubo ubumpofu kanye endaweni agugile ezizungezile.

imidwebo Early Makovsky ihlukanisa ngokwedlulele imininingwane, ngezinye izikhathi kuvimbela bezibona lephelele. Esikhathini esizayo, ibhulashi umdwebi sika uthatha eziningi inkululeko, futhi palette luyoqina ngokwengeziwe, kanjalo sigweme ezinye variegation esingokwemvelo, ngokukhethekile, siye sahlola isithombe.

"Abathandi Nightingales" (1873)

Le Umdwebo wayemelele art Russian eWorld uMbukiso Vienna, lapho waklonyeliswa eziningi nokunakwa izilaleli.

Ngaphandle kwefasitela lezwakala le warble ecula, futhi abalimi ezintathu ezwé, kokuphazamisa nemudrenyh yakhe idili. Omunye, emi, wema, ibuka ngaphandle efasiteleni, bezama ukuba ngikuhlole Birdie encane. Okwesibili, engaphuzanga ngaphezulu buddies zakhe ngokucacile, ayiphulule entendeni ibala lilt ingoma ecula. Okwesithathu, enkulu, ukulalela ucabangisisa abahluthula entshebeni yakhe. Lapha, konke ugcwele yokuphila futhi umsindo: ukukhanya iwindi, zibhekise nasezenzweni izinhlamvu, hot imbiza-bellied samovar, elula kodwa "ezihlwabusayo" zaveza namanje ukuphila.

Akwaziwa Ukubuyekeza ngalokhu isithombe Dostoevsky omkhulu, wancoma isithombe aphumayo se ngezimfanelo ezinhle, ukunakwa kumuntu ovamile, okwadingeka hhayi kuphela isiRashiya, kodwa futhi esikalini womuntu.

'Asilahla "(1879)

Kancane kancane, lo izifundo umculi elahlekile imidwebo ekuseni amahlaya nokungapheleli esakuzuza sengqondo kuyindida abalingiswa. Kwangezikhathi uthole umdlalo nokufundwa emagama. Lezi ezimbalwa ongakhetha komdwebo abavamile asebethathe indlela emzabalazweni wamavukelambuso, kanti nesimo sayo sengqondo ukuze lezo zibalo abameleli kwezakhi ezahlukene abantu Russian.

Insizwa wokugada ahlomile kususa kusukela kwenkantolo. Ngesikhathi ophumayo alindele izihlobo zakhe, kuhlanganise nonina, uyise, intombazane esencane futhi indoda endala. Ngokusobala, protagonist umsuka abalimi noma abampofu ezisemadolobheni. Unkosikazi wakhe, ubaba wakhe kukhona ekilasini ophumelelako. Umdwebi alibonisi abathakazelelwayo sobala ngecala, hhayi uzwela ebonakala kuye futhi abanye. Waletha bakhe abaseduze eyodwa ukuhlupheka - unina clasped izandla zakhe imploringly, ukhuthaza indodana yakhe, ubaba liyakhala isililo.

Futhi akubukeki wamavukelambuso engaguquki iqhawe umfel 'ukholo abantu. Ngokubona kwakhe - besambathekile futhi ungaqiniseki e ngokunemba yabo. Makovsky, ogama imidwebo - obugcwele izimo zengqondo emphakathini, kubonisa ushintsho maqondana izindlela emzabalazweni emyalweni ekhona, lapho aphendukela amaqembu ezinkulu futhi ukunyakaza efana "Narodnaya Volya".

"Rendezvous" (1883)

Izingane - ngesihloko lapho ayesebenzela ngokuvamile Makovsky. Vladimir E., ukucinga indikimba yendaba yabo yokuqala - kukhombisa nesengane, bencoma kuyisiqalo sokuphila ngokucabangela amasha esikhathini esizayo likhuluma ezahlukene, ngokuvamile okukhulu ebuntwaneni izinhlangothi eRussia wesimanje.

"Ezweni" senziwa ukunikeza izingane imindeni edla imbuya ngothi. Ingane ngokuvamile yinceku singenamandla noma osafunda ngokweqile ezithwele. Ukuthola kusukela aphethe a okokuzisekela ungowosizi, indawo yokuhlala nokwethuka, izingane ayeka ukuba khona umthwalo umkhaya, ngokulahlekelwa cosiness umndeni ekuseni ukukhula. Le ndlela kwakuvamile ikakhulukazi futhi ajwayelekile emindenini ongumlimi owanikeza umfana enkonzweni edolobheni.

Kumayelana isiphetho ingane litshela Makovsky. Incazelo isithombe kungathatha eziningi Amakhasi, kodwa ku-canvas izinhlamvu ezimbili nje. A owesifazane ongumlimi ifikile ibanga elide ifindo kancane futhi unamathele esandleni sakhe. Weza indodana yakhe isinkwa ukujabulisa ingane yakho. Owesifazane isihawu ubuka umfana bengafaké zicathulo, lembethe iphinifa ezingcolile - ngokusobala, okusebenza kwezinye esitolo ngathola imizuzu embalwa yesikhathi mahhala umhlangano nomama wakhe.

Painting isitayela umculi, futhi, ishintshile - akukho isithombe enemininingwane futhi edwetshwe imininingwane, nokunye angawethusi. umbala Shadow akuyona ukubonakaliswa injabulo usuku besikhashana kanye nokuguquguquka ezinzima ukubonisa ebuntwaneni alahlekile.

"On the Boulevard" (1886)

Makovsky Kuvame ukuthiwa anawo imizuzu umdwebi sika ambalwa nje, okuyiwona onayo isikhathi ukukutshela lokho umbhali kungathatha Amakhasi amaningi. Kodwa ngo-1880, okuyinhloko ifinyelele amakhono eliphakeme ekwenzeni lezi imidwebo, tindzaba letimfisha. Enye yalezi Amagquma ubuciko imidwebo, futhi okuqukethwe Umdwebo "On the Boulevard." Phakathi nale nkathi, imidwebo V E. Makovskogo liqukathe ezimbili kuphela, kodwa futhi yokuntula kwabo ngo-ejulile analysis izinkinga yomphakathi enkulu kakhulu.

Phambi kwethu kunethuba indaba encane mayelana ophukayo okukhulu ekuphileni womkhaya osemncane. Kubonakala sengathi laba bahlabeleli wayevela emzaneni lapho ukulungele siphile abazali bakho, emsebenzini abavamile futhi injabulo umlinyana indlela yokuphila. Kodwa umyeni wakhe yasinamathela edolobheni ukusebenza entsha, "enhle" futhi ukuphila kuthakazelise. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lomkakhe wangena ukuvakashela umyeni wakhe. Manje abazani. Wakwazi uzibixe umoya komuzi - aqaphelisise ukubukeka, ophethwe i-inkositini encane - kuyacaca ukuthi uyabathanda kakhulu ekuphileni dolobha.

Nanguya impela, kodwa kakade uyazi ukuthi ungalindela esikhathini esizayo, lapho ubona ukungabi nathemba egcwele. Kule uVladimir Makovsky futhi iphefumulela ukudabuka, kuba uhlobo ukubonisa futhi idrama yangasese yabantu amabili amajuba, ubonisa izinga inkinga kazwelonke yokuchitheka indlela evamile yokuphila, elakhiwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka futhi manje singabhujiswa ukuthuthukiswa izikhungo yezimboni.

ifa

Vladimir E. Kukhona okukhulu umsebenzi ngokuzikhandla nangokwethembeka fecundity zokudala. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi iminyaka yakhe eminingi emsebenzini baba encyclopedia bangempela imihlola isici kunazo zonke ekuphileni-Russian ekuqa- ekhulwini. Sabiza izihloko bonke osayizi - kusukela izigcawu kwansuku ukuba mass action zezombusazwe - futhi eyisebenzisa ngamakhono bangempela kwezobuciko.

Izazi-mlando art yasekhaya wazi ukuthi ukuphela kokuphila V Makovsky baba lweli ukubukwa olandelanayo okwengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni imidwebo, banesimo sengqondo esingaqondile maqondana ucinge izingqikithi ezintsha bese esebenzisa inkulumo. Kodwa ubukhulu balo sibalo art Russian kusukela kule akubi ezincane.