Umhlanga weReed: indawo yokuhlala, incazelo, isithombe

Mhlawumbe, emva kokufunda igama elithi "udoti" esihlokweni se-athikili yethu, othile uzokuzonda ngokudabukisayo. Omunye okukhulunywa ngaye ngalezi zinhlobo zabantu abaningi kubangela izinhlangano ezingathandeki kakhulu: ukuqoqa lesi sidalwa akujabulisi, ngoba sonke isikhumba "emagqabeni" akhe, futhi ngokuvamile ukubonakala akuyona into emnandi kakhulu. Kodwa siyashesha ukukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akunjalo. Uma ubheka eduze kwendwangu, khona-ke ungase uzizwe unesihawu ngalesi silwane.

Namuhla emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu amathathu zobuhlalu - amanzi, ukukhuphuka ebusuku, viviparous. Kodwa namuhla i-hero ye-athikili yethu izoba yinto encane kakhulu eyaziwayo yomhlanga. Lezi zinyama zanda eNtshonalanga Yurophu, futhi ezindaweni zasemiphandleni ye-former Soviet Union itholakala kuphela eBaltic, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ukraine nasentshonalanga yeBelarus.

Inhlanzi yohlanga: incazelo

I-amphibian, eyingxenye yezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlayiya (Bufo). Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-toad smell (Bufo calamita). Kungokwezifiso zokungazi lutho. I-toad, isithombe sakhe esingajwayelekile kakhulu ezincwadini zezilwane, ngummeleli womndeni wakhe ohlala njalo, ohlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Australia.

Akunakutsho ukuthi lokhu kuyinhlanzi enkulu. Lesi yisilwane esincane kakhulu. Ngokujwayelekile kukhona abantu abangaba ngamamentimitha amahlanu ubude. Amamitha ayisishiyagalombili ngamasentimitha noma ngaphezulu ngobude ajwayelekile kakhulu.

Izici zangaphandle

Umhlanga we-Toad unombala othakazelisayo. Ingemuva layo lidwetshwe embala omhlophe womnqumo. Ihlanganiswe namabala amaningi amnyama. Umgqa wokukhanya ogijima phakathi kwekhanda nekhanda uhlukanisa le amphibian kusuka kudoti oluhlaza, olusakazwa kabanzi manje.

Isikhumba siyi-tuberculate, kodwa ngaphandle kwamameva. Lokhu kuyahlukanisa namaxoxo, lapho isikhumba sibheke ngokushelelekile futhi sivikelwe ekumiswe ngesithunzi. Isikhumba sophuzu lomhlanga sihlanganiswe nezimbungulu ezincane ezincane, ukukhulula imithi enobuthi. Izigulane ezimbili ezinkulu zikhona eduze kwezindlebe. Zibizwa nge-parotides.

Isisu senziwe nge-gray-white hue. Abafundi bamehlo bahlelwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi banezinamandla ezinkulu ze-throon resonators, ngenxa yokuthi zizwakala zizwa kude kangakanani. Umunwe wesibili nowangaphakathi unesilinganiso esifanayo. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke emgqeni womphimbo - kuwesifazane kunemibala emhlophe, futhi kubesilisa - enombala obomvu.

Ukuvikelwa ezitheni

Akukhona ngengozi ukuthi umcengezi wemizi wathola ngemvelo njengemibala enesizotha kanye nezigcawu ezinobuthi. Lona kuphela ukuvikela lezi zilwane ezilukhuni emzabalazweni wokuphila. Ebona ingozi, umcengezi womhlanga uzama ukuphunyuka, kodwa uma ehluleka ukwenza kanjalo, ngokwesaba uyasusa isikhumba sakhe futhi agubungele umfutho omswakama omhlophe onomfutho ongathandeki kakhulu.

Ukuze kungabi yi-prey ye-badger, igwavuni noma inja ye-raccoon, inhlanzi kufanele ingabonakali. Uma isilwane singakwazi ukubona i-amphibian, bese siyibamba, khona-ke ngeke ishukuthelwe. Ingxube yezinhlayiya ezinobuthi ifihla izinto ezisephunga elimnandi, ukunambitheka okubabayo kakhulu, ukuhlinzekisa umphumela wokuhlanza - kufanele uvume ukuthi "okunambitheka" okunjalo kungalingwa yisidalwa esilula kakhulu. Kumuntu, izinto ezinobuthi ezikhishwe yizigulane azibangeli ubungozi futhi azibangeli ukubonakala kwezimpi (okungaqondakali okungajwayelekile).

Indawo yokuhlala

Sesivele sisho ukuthi umhlanga uvamile eYurophu, empumalanga nasenyakatho indawo yayo ifinyelela e-UK, itholakala eningizimu yeSweden, entshonalanga yeBelarus, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ukraine, emazweni aseBaltic. Endaweni yezwe lakithi, ingabonakala kuphela esifundeni saseKaliningrad.

Ukhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphansi. Uthanda inhlabathi eyisihlabathi enokukhanya efudumele yilanga, izindawo ezimile futhi ezivulekile. Ihlala emabhange anesihlabathi emifula, emagodini, emachibi, esinezitshalo ezinomsoco kanye nezihlahla, ihlala endaweni engcolile.

Ungayibona le nhlanzi emagqumeni, emaphethelweni ehlathi, ekungeneni kwamatshe, lapho efihle khona ngaphansi kwezihlahla zemithi, inqwaba. Umhlanga wokhuni uzizwa ukhululekile epulazini (ngenhlabathi evulekile). Futhi ePyrenees, iphakama ibe yizingalo ezingaphezu kwamamitha amabili nengxenye ngaphezulu kwezinga lolwandle.

Ukuziphatha ku vivo

Ngemuva kwebusika, ukudonsa umhlanga kusebenza ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Njengomthetho, kusebenza phakathi nesikhumba sebusuku, kuvele kungabonakali umsebenzi emini, ngokuvamile kwenzeka enesimo sezulu esibhakabhakeni.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula (ebusika), lifihla emagodini noma kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala - ezindaweni zomhlaba zemvelo, ngaphansi kwamadwala, emhlabathini ukuqhuma, ngezinye izikhathi ukugubha emhlabathini. Isisekelo sokudla yizinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, cishe ayidli. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kuya eminyakeni emine. Ukulinda impilo sekuyiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.

Ebusika, umcengezi wemifino ushiya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlalela ku-10 ° C.

Umhlanga udla udle?

Ama-reed amaqanda akhetha ukuphakela ngezinambuzane ezihamba ngezinyoni: izintuthwane, izimbongolo, izinkinobho, izibungu nezinye.

Lesi sikhumba (isithombe osibona ngezansi) ungomunye wabambalwa phakathi "kwezihlobo" zakho eziphishekela isisulu. Ebona inyamazane, isheshe iphendukele eceleni kwayo ibambe ngomlomo wayo.

Ukukhiqiza

I-reed frog ikhiqiza emzimbeni wamanzi anemibala engapheli, egcwele izimila. Ngezinye izikhathi owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ezinqolobaneni ze-brackish. Ukukhiqiza, ukushisa kwamanzi okungenani okungenani okungama-+18 ° C kuyadingeka. Le nkathi iqala kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ukusabalalisa imisa ngokuyinhloko kwenzeka ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni.

Ngokujwayelekile phakathi nosuku ngalesi sikhathi abantu ngabanye basemgodini wamanzi. Izintambo ezikhonjiwe zinamamitha amahlanu ububanzi ubude bezingamamitha angu-1.6. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-3.2 m. Bangubujamo obungajulile (angaphezu kuka-20 cm). Amaqanda anesisindo esingu-1.6 mm ahlelwe emigqeni emibili. Ngesinye isikhathi owesifazane uyakwazi ukuhlehlisa amaqanda angama-5250.

I-Larva ikhula ibe ngu-8.5 mm. Ukuthuthukiswa kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-55. Umdwebo we-toad ngaphambi kokumamitha kwe-metamorphosis kuya ku-28 mm. Bondla i-detritus, i-protozoa, i-phytoplankton nama-crustaceans amancane.

Izinhlayiyana zalezi zinhlobo zikhula kancane kancane. Uma i-tadpole iba encane, kodwa i-toad ephuthumayo, isilwane siyaphuma echibini. Ama-specimens amasha asanda kuphuma emhlabathini, ubude buyi-1 cm kuphela. Bakha ngokuhlakanipha, becindezela isisu.

Inombolo

Esikhathini esiphezulu seSoviet, inhlanzi yomhlanga ihlala emaphethelweni asempumalanga. Lezi zinhlobo zisakazwa ngokungafani kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, ukuchichima kwayo kuphakeme kakhulu, kuyilapho kwabanye kunciphisa inani futhi kunciphisa ezindaweni zokuhlala.

Ivela ensimini yezinye izindawo zokugcina. Lezi zinhlobo zivikelwe yi- Bern Convention (i-annex II). Emazweni amaningi yizinhlobo ezingavamile zendwangu yomhlanga. Incwadi Elubomvu ye-USSR, kanye ne-Red Books yaseBelarus, iLithuania, iLatvia, i-Estonia neRussia baye bahlaziya izinhlu zabo zokuphepha. I-ecology yalezi zilwane iye yacwaningwa okwamanje njengamanje.

Udoti lwezinhlanga: Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

Lesi sikhwama asikwazi ukugxuma kahle, njengamaxoxo, ngoba anezimilenze ezincane ezincane. Ukujuluka kwakhe akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi akuphakeme noma akude.

I-toad yalezi zinhlobo iyisimeme sokubi kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma ungena echibini elijulile, likwazi ukugwinya kalula.

Kodwa ngobuhlakani angakwazi ukukhuphuka isitshalo noma aphume emgodini ojulile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihamba kancane kalula ngesiqu somuthi, kodwa kuphela uma umgogodla unesibindi esincane.

Futhi iqiniso elilodwa elithakazelisayo. Umcengezi wemizi uhamba ngokuthakazelisayo kakhulu: awukhenyi, awugxumi, kodwa ugijima, futhi kuwo wonke amilenze amane, aguqe ngemuva. Ngale ndlela lifana ne-rodent-like rodent, futhi akuyona i-amphibian ehlukumezayo.

Umcibisholo wemizi unikezwa isihloko sekhono elikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Imvamisa yemisindo eyenziwa abesilisa ngenkathi yokuvuthwa ifinyelela ku-hertz ayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane nengxenye.

Ngezinye izikhathi amahlanga amahlumela akhetha ukugoma izidleke ze-swallows ezigodini ze-sandy ebusika. Ku-mink ezinye izinhlayiya zingakwazi ukuhlala.