Imisebenzi Lermontov sika. Lermontov Mihail Yurevich: lokusungula

. M. Yu Lermontov - Classic abadumile Russian okungenze bhá futhi abanamakhono kakhulu izimbongi, temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba abalobi, ababhali bemidlalo izindawo romantic. Zonke imisebenzi yobuciko of Lermontov lyrical ngokungavamile, eligoqiwe ngokuphelele futhi beqonda kalula umfundi. Umsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo is kakhulu kuthonywa ezifana ezidlula global njengoba D. G. Bayron futhi A. S. Pushkin.

lozalo

Isibongo Lermontov elisuka kusukela ongowokuzalwa eScotland, George Lermontov, owayekhonze iNkosi yase-Poland, ngaleso Ukuvinjezelwa White Russian lithunjwa. Wazihlanganisa amabutho kwezinhloko zamaviyo eMoscow. Futhi kusukela 1613 lapho yabhaliswa inkonzo Emperor of Russia, futhi ngokwethembeka enkonzweni wathola iziqeshana umhlaba e Galichsky County (Kostroma).

Learmonth Isibongo kanye ababefaka imbongi edumile Scottish kwekhulu XIII - UThomas. Isibongo Lerma wayebuye abe isikhulu Spanish. Ngakho Ngibheka ngokuqondene amadlozi-Scots, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ngaye yayiwukuba ovusa ubuhlobo Duke Spanish - UNgqongqoshe iNkosi uPhilip III. Lermontov kukhona ngisho 'Spanish' umjikelezo ezobuciko, ngoba wayengumuntu futhi umculi ovelele.

Ngesikhathi ukuzalwa imbongi Lermontov ozalwa ampofu kakhulu. Ubaba Yuri Petrovich kwaphawulwa nge ophendulayo handsome ngenhliziyo enhle, kodwa ukucasuka kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi engenangqondo kakhulu. impahla yakhe Kropotovka e Efremov County Umncele enegama S. A. Arsenevoy (nee Stolypin). Indodakazi yakhe - Maria M. romantic - ayikwazanga ukuyisiza kodwa ukuthandana nale umakhelwane ebukekayo futhi, naphezu imibhikisho sikanina, ukuba ngishade naye. Kodwa yaba ngeyesikhashana, sikhathele siyingcuba ngu sofuba iloli sezinzwa ngenxa infidelities njalo umyeni wakhe injabulo yasekhaya, washona ngo entwasahlobo ka-1817.

Mihaila Lermontova ebuntwaneni

E-Moscow, October 3, 1814 wazalwa Mikhail Lermontov. Ngiseyingane, wayengumuntu bexhwalile, ishintsha iba nemizwa eguquguqukayo kanye umfana sezinzwa. Wahlupheka kusukela diathesis, scrofula, kanye nesimungumungwane. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ngase ukuba ilale embhedeni ngenxa yamathambo, okwaholela ugobile imilenze. Ngemva kokufa ekuseni kanina Lermontov kwesokunxele ezingacacile kuphela, kodwa obathanda kakhulu izithombe enhliziyweni yakhe. Ugogo Elizabeth Arsenyev ayenakekela zonke imisebenzi ku akhuliswa ngayo kanye ukuphila kwakhe konke osiza kuye. Kodwa indodana-ayengafuni ume umoya. Yuri Petrovich ngenxa bungubutha umama waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ifa lakhe futhi ushiye indodana yakhe. Nokho, wayesalokhu uphonse izikhathi eziningana kunina ngenhloso eyolanda ngokwayo uMichael, kodwa zonke kwaba yize. Umfana wabona inzondo, kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba lithwalwe zonke. Yena njalo bahlupheka futhi antengantenge phakathi ugogo noyise. Esikhathini idrama Menschen und Leidenschaften Lermontov kubonakala yonke nakho kule ndaba. Khona-ke base bethuthela izindlu kagogo wakhe ngokuthi Tarkhany (sifundazwe Penza). Kukhona cishe aphelile, zonke ebuntwaneni imbongi.

Youth kuya enkathini yokuthomba

Ngo 1828, Lermontov waqala ukutadisha esikoleni boarding eMoscow University. Kamuva u-Esawu waqhubeka nokufunda kwakhe eMnyangweni kwezincwadi isikhungo esifanayo. Kodwa ekugcineni waphoqwa ukuyeka ngenxa ukuxabana nge osolwazi esikhulu mva. Umsebenzi wakhe kwaba ungaqiniseki. Futhi ugogo wami wagcizelela ukuthi umzukulu wakhe wangena yabalindi esikoleni amaphoyisa futhi amasosha nalawo agibela amahhashi. Lermontov abasebasha kakhulu liphefumulelwe umsebenzi wezempi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, waphupha we Izenzo ezinkulu ukuthi wenza okhokho bakhe, nakuba enhliziyweni bakhe babazi ukuthi ngesikhathi engcono, it is elinde empini eCaucasus.

Ngo-1834 wathola iziqu esikoleni futhi uya ukukhonza Cornet e Nizhny Novgorod Hussars. Umsebenzi wokuqala ezavela ukuphrinta ngo-1835, ngaphandle kolwazi lwakhe, kwaba inkondlo "Haji Abrek".

Izixhumanisi eCaucasus

Ngokuvamile imisebenzi Lermontov sika ayenencazelo engokwesiprofetho. Ngo-1837 wayehumusha A. S. Pushkinu inkondlo yakhe kwesibhamu "Ukushona Poet", okuyinto usola ngoba ukufa kwabo bonke amandla ephezulu ezingeni eRussia, eholwa Tsar Nicholas I. Wabe bathunjwe eCaucasus. Ngemva konyaka wabuyela Petersburg, kodwa ngenxa Duel ne engumFulentshi Ernest de Barant waphinde wathumela eCaucasus i ibutho elihamba phansi. Empini, wabonisa isibindi futhi isibindi nakho, kodwa inkosi kungekho umvuzo akalokothi wathi. Lermontov ngisho kuphazamisekile iholidi Petersburg ngaphambilini kwezinsuku ezimbili ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi.

Ngemva kokuphindela ibutho, Lermontov e Pyatigorsk wayeka okuphulukisa kancane, kodwa wafika lapho waba ukuxabana kungazwakali ngenxa okwakhe ukuhleka usulu, mhlawumbe phezu Natalia Solomonovna - udade Martynov, intombazane engangifunda nayo esikoleni lempi, nga which he baxabana neze ngempela. Yayicabanga ukuthi Lermontov wayemthanda wakhe, futhi uhlamvu wakhe uMariya "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu," wachaza yona. Julayi 15, 1841 zenzeka duel. M. wakhe Yu. Lermontov wabulawa kweso N. S. Martynovym. Inhlamvu wadabula kuye ngokusebenzisa inhliziyo yakhe.

Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu ngesikhathi esifushane eyabelwe nguNkulunkulu, wadala imisebenzi abadumile ezinjalo Lermontov, owaba ngempela yobuciko kwezincwadi Russian. Lokhu futhi "Ingoma Merchant Kalashnikov" futhi "Novice" futhi "Demon", kanye nenamba enkulu izinkondlo lyrical, idrama "ukubonakala" futhi inoveli ukungafi "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu."

"Ashik Kerib"

umsebenzi Lermontov sika "Ashik Kerib" idalwe njengendlela indaba yothando Oriental ngothando. Kusekelwe the tetemibhalo kusetshenzwe Azerbaijani Folk tale, wezwa imbongi abathunjwe eCaucasus. Lona umsebenzi omuhle futhi eliqhakazile uthando heroes ezimbili ezisencane abampofu Ashik Kerib nesithandwa sakhe - indodakazi yomKhanani yomthengisi ocebile Magul-Mageri. Ashik Kerib uzokwenza konke ukuze ucebe beshada othandekayo wakhe. Kodwa abahlakaniphile nabafundisi namasu Magul-Mageri futhi ngeke ume eceleni futhi simsize ngobuqili babo besifazane. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke bazokholwa bajabule ndawonye. Lokhu indaba enhle oye umfundi oyedwa akayekiwe isetshenzwe.

"Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu"

Le noveli "A Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" Lermontov wabhala eneminyaka engu-25, ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ezibuhlungu. Lokhu inoveli sidaliwe ngesimo amanoveli ngabanye, tindzaba letimfisha, travel Tindzaba futhi kwedayari. Umbhali yesambulo ezinkulu kwaba isithombe umlingiswa oyinhloko. Esikhathini inoveli, okufakwe izahluko, ngokoqobo esikhathini esidlule akuyona kakhulu. Umsebenzi nzima yokuthi kuwo izindaba etha ezintathu umlandzi: ukuhamba isikhulu, Maksim Maksimych, futhi ekugcineni, umlingiswa oyinhloko - UGrigory Pechorin. Image Pechorin lonke umkhiqizo kudalulwe ngezindlela ezahlukene, namazwi umfokazi, ajwayelane nomngane hero yena. Umfundi yenu kuyovumelana kancane kancane lokumba Psychology Pechorin. Okokuqala kuyoba eligcizelela ukubukeka kwangaphandle, bese kuphela ke ezinemininingwane ukuhlaziya ejulile introspection. "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" Lermontov yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1840 e-St Petersburg ukushicilela indlu beqondiswa Ili Glazunova.

"Span"

Naphezu uhlamvu nzima futhi bahilizisane, Lermontov - yothando mnene enhliziyweni futhi umdali omkhulu. umbono ongenakucimeka wokulingwa cishe yonke imisebenzi Lermontov. "Span" - omunye wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti omkhulu, ushiye ifa esizayo. Wabhala yakhe ukuthuthumela umphefumulo, esimelela ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo phambi izinqumo kwesibhamu, futhi ngaleso sikhathi imbongi abasha, ibonakala ilungele noma yini. Wayeneminyaka engu-17 kuphela ubudala. Wayengase acele ukuba abe Decembrist noma wamavukelambuso, kodwa isiphetho selihlanganise kuye enye indima.

ithebula omfushane iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo Lermontov

imisebenzi Wezingane Lermontov

Isihloko ebuntwaneni kubonakala ngezindlela eziningi njengezinkinga imisebenzi futhi ubelokhu engumngane yomsebenzi wakhe njalo. izinkondlo Wezingane imbongi edumile mnene ngokungavamile futhi lyrical. Bagcwala abanye umusa okhethekile nokufudumala. Izingane imisebenzi Lermontov zihlanganisa ezifana inkondlo omangalisayo ngokuthi "umntwana", "lullaby Cossack", "Baby cute lokuzalwa" kanye nabanye.

Kunzima ukuthola ukuphila e Lermontov, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, esengumntwana nangesikhathi zonke "sentwasahlobo osemqoka" yakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi kubhekwe kwesikhathi oluhle kunazo zonke ekuphileni.

Zonke imisebenzi Lermontov ngokuya izincwadi ahlukile futhi eyingqayizivele. Ngakho-ke, aziyi kwezinhloso zenzuzo kunoma isizukulwane abafundi.