Imperial Tower - umbhoshongo owesincane eMoscow ezibiyele

Le nqaba sokuqala ku-oki * Borovitsky Hill avele ezinsukwini ka-Ivan Kalita phezu loMfula eMoscow. Grand Duke njalo benenkinga Prince recalcitrant ka Tver, elihunyushwe sobukhosi Metropolitan Vladimir eMoscow wakha Detinets enezivikelo eziqinile. Izindonga izakhiwo zokuzivikela ukubeka ababazi onekhono kusuka eMoscow oki neobhvatnoy ububanzi. Sabe isibiza ngokuthi Kremlin. Umsuka igama alucacile. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi "ezibiyele" ngokuthi izingodo. Hlobanisa lesi igama itshe insengetsha, kanye igama lesiGreki "krimnos", okusho ukuphakama ngaphezu kolwandle. Lokhu babevela amaGreki WaseByzantium, abavame wafika eMoscow.

itshe ezibiyele

It yakhiwa ngamatshe amhlophe, umzukulu YaseMoscow Prince Dmitry Donskoy. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, eMoscow yayibizwa ngokuthi itshe elimhlophe. Ukuze zidlamlilo amanxusa ke wavulwa njengendlela Dmitri Ivanovich okwamanje kwabasiza yi amaTartar. Kodwa enqabeni itshe waba inqaba ungenakunqotshwa nomakhelwane esikhohlisayo. Yakhiwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngonyaka nje owodwa. Yena endaweni useye waba ngaphezu nokhuni, okungakwazi kakhulu ashisiwe ngemva imililo eminingi futhi cishe lifika insimu yesimanje. Three East Tower (Spasskaya, noma, indawo ababevame ukuyibiza ngokuthi kaningi Frolovskaya esase sikhona kakade) babe emashalofini ku Nepryadva. Cishe kuzo zonke izakhiwo, kuhlanganise ekamelweni phezu kwesikhulu, kwaba lokhuni. Kuze kube manje nathi azifinyelelanga lezi zindonga obukhulu, ngokuthi ukuvuma nangobukhulu ubukhulu eMoscow.

Umsebenzi amaNtaliyane

Lapho Ivan III eyakhelwe ukwakhiwa ezinkulu - eMoscow ezibiyele, okuyinto sibuka babe neminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. Mayelana amasonto thina singakhulumi, futhi ugxile izindonga ezibiyele nemibhoshongo. Ekuqaleni eqonda izindonga ubudala nemibhoshongo, bese ayakhiwe entsha adubula ngezitini ezibomvu. ukwakhiwa yabo Kwaphela iminyaka eyishumi. Ukuphakama izindonga zazisuka ngamamitha amahlanu kuya nesishiyagalolunye ububanzi - emithathu nengxenye kuya kwayisithupha futhi amamitha nengxenye. Ziyakwazi kube yilolu suku azungeze amazinyo, noma Merloni. Sinenkosi nice oyindilinga semikhawulweni olunjengemfoloko abizwa ngokuthi uvemvane. Bonke elihunyushwe - abayikho analinye amawaka, yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane nanhlanu. Ekuqaleni, nesishiyagalolunye imibhoshongo yayakhiwa. Ezintathu kuzo zazimi le kanxantathu, okungukufa Kremlin. The main kwesango ezazingaphansi kwawo Spasskaya (Frolovskaya) umbhoshongo. Lapha-ke kwakudingekile ukuba dismount umgibeli, futhi njalo guest ukususa cap. Sekukonke kwakukhona lamasango amane.

Inganekwane endala

Eceleni Spasskaya umbhoshongo, olubheka Red Square, wathatha fancy kwawo endaweni encane turret lokhuni Grozny yinkosi. Ngasese wayemthanda njengoba iyalandisa ziyaphawuleka, sibheke isigaba Muscovites futhi izenzakalo ezithinta isizwe. Kusuka lapho, wabonwa njengendawo ngokubulawa.

I Tsar sika koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele

Zonke ezibiyele Yakhiwa esikhathini kusuka 1482 kuya 1495. Umbhoshongo Tsar - akafani umbhoshongo. Lokhu Mansion zikanokusho, okuyinto lihlelwe 1680 endaweni ayekuyo, ngokusho legend, u-Ivan IV. Ngenxa yakhe futhi ngokuthi ngakho - Tsar sika koMbhoshongo eMoscow Kremlin. It has lutho nalo lonke kwemibhoshongo, omkhulu futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa. Phakathi kwabo, ukuthi ivelele "ithoyizi" futhi umbono zokuhlobisa kakhulu. Umbhoshongo has Tsarskaja uqimba wokuqala aphansi, yakhelwe ukuze uvumele ukuba adabule udonga. Esesibili - emoyeni - iqala nge amakholomu amane itshe. Basuke ezibumbeke njengebholo vase luhlotshiswe amabhande ezimbili ezimhlophe. It ithembele kuzo oluhlaza ophahleni hipped babantu eziyisishiyagalombili, uqeda eyayibhalwe weathervane ukusebenza. Imperial Tower kuyinto nenhle kakhulu. Ngenhla amakholomu ezincane mbhoshongo isiyingi nge vane sezulu. Isihlanganisi yesibili - it is a platform lapho wasukuma ukuze insimbi uma kunengozi yomlilo. Yebo, umbhoshongo Tsar ayeke Spassky insimbi. It is eyakhelwe odongeni empumalanga phakathi Spassky futhi Nabatnaya imibhoshongo. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza: 'Imperial Tower - iwashi? " Njengoba ubona indawo isithombe ngezansi, akukho. Iwashi asembhoshongweni Royal neze aqine. Nor enza manje. Bavele 1585 ngakolunye imibhoshongo ezintathu we Kremlin-isango. Vele-Imperial kuyinto eduze umi eceleni kwe uMsindisi. Kwaba phezu kwayo, futhi kukhona Chime edumile, zenziwa phakathi kwekhulu XIX. Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo belfry kuye kwaholela ukuvela uhlobo umculo, okuyinto ishicilela iwashi njalo emizuzwini eyishumi nanhlanu. Ukuphakama Imininingwane basembhoshongweni Royal alikhulumi nanokukhuluma ukufinyelela 17 amamitha. Qhathanisa Vodovzvodnaya - ne esingeqile yayo ayisithupha amamitha eliphezulu.

ezibiyele ukuhlolwa

Izivakashi kumele athenge ithikithi ngesikhathi ukuchayeka, noma kwezinye eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum. Inikeza ilungelo faka endaweni ezibiyele ngokusebenzisa Borovitskie noma zintathu Gate. Ukuze abafundi kanye umhlalaphansi adlule isethulo idokhumenti mahhala. Uma ufuna ukuvakashela amasonto, kubalulekile ukuba ngaphezu kwalokho ithikithi. Ukuze uvakashele Bell Tower (ukuphakama - 81 m) ukubheka ezizungezile kusuka ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili nanhlanu futhi zidinga ithikithi futhi ... athile. Lifting kwenzeka ngezinyathelo 137. Njalo Muscovites matasa ukuba maningi amathuba okuthi uvakashele ezibiyele neminyuziyamu yayo, kodwa kuvela ukuthi izivakashi we dolobha simazi kancane kangcono.