Indlela yokuvula i-port Linux kanye isheke kuvuliwe vele?

Izimbobo yiluphi uhlelo okungukuthi e sabaphathi inethiwekhi, ukuba abe elmentov. Ukwazi iyiphi ivuliwe noma avaliwe, isicelo komunye engeyokuqala ungathumela umyalezo isicelo esifanayo kwenye. Kungani futhi kungaba indlela ottkryt port Linux, kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngako.

Nasi theory

Port esashiwo inombolo kusuka 0 kuya 65535. amagugu Abaningi zibhaliswe ngezinhloso ezisemthethweni, abanye ingasetshenziswa ngokukhululekile. Port inquma uhlobo ikheli intuthuko. Ngokwesibonelo, umthombo yethulwa kusukela nga-Web server.

Ukuze wazi kahle lapho ukuze ujike, nekhompyutha ucela ulwazi ke, kufanele wazi okungenani IP. Kodwa uma sokokusebez amasevisi eziningana ezahlukene, indlela ukuqonda ngqo kuphi sidlulisele isicelo? Lapha kanye ne-port ewusizo. Ukwazi inombolo yakhe, ikhompyutha, usebenzisa i-IP-ikheli kanye ne-port ungathumela ngokunembile isicelo kuseva.

Ubunzima

Ngenxa yokuthi abaningi izinhlelo asebenzisa nezimbobo aziyona indawo enhle ngokulandela nokuphepha njalo, ichweba evulekile kungaba iphuzu engase kusengcupheni ngenxa Ukungena kanye nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe ubheke ukusetshenziswa nezimbobo ohlelweni noma nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuqapha traffic yabo.

Uhlu amatheku ethandwa kakhulu yamanani

Ububanzi izinombolo kusuka 0 kuya 1023 ingeyokusetshenziswa izinhlelo uhlelo futhi izicelo:

• 21 - esetshenziswa FTP ukudluliswa kwedatha olandelwayo;
• 22 - evikelekile inkonzo igobolondo ssh;
• 23 - Telnet;
• 25 - olandelwayo wokuthumela imilayezo e-mail;
• 80 - HTTP traffic yokudlulisela. amaseva Web asetshenzisiwe;
• 110 - I-POP3 (Post Office Protocol kungenye).

Loku okuyigugu agodliwe futhi esetshenziswa ohlelweni. Abaningi amatheku asele angasebenzisa uma bebona kunesidingo.

Indlela hlola nezimbobo evulekile ku-Linux

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona amathuluzi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Zibonisa okuyinto nezimbobo avulekele ku-Linux. Eyokuqala wabo - netstat.

Isibonelo ukusetshenziswa: sudo netstat -ntulp

Okulandelayo ethimbeni ngokwawo iqoqo okhiye imingcele engeziwe:

• -L. Kusho ukuthi udinga zibonisa kuphela labo namachweba okwamanje uthephwe;
• -p. Olunye ulwazi mayelana kukhombisa isicelo sokuthi isebenzisa echwebeni. Ikakhulukazi, kuyoba ukubonisa igama ID inqubo;
• -t. Engeza ohlwini TCP nezimbobo;
• -U. Kungokufanayo, kuphela UDP;
• -n. Kusho ukuthi le-IP ibekwa njengezinto izinombolo.

Indlela yokuvula i-port Linux

Le nqubo kungase kudingeke kakhulu ekuthuthukeni insiza yewebhu baxhumana kuseva yangaphandle. Ngaphambi uvula port, kuzomele uqale uhlole ukuthi kuvuliwe vele. Lokhu kuzosiza inqubo ethulwa ngenhla.

Ukuvula usebenzisa iptables ithuluzi. Ukuze uhlole uma kutholakala ngaso sonke ohlelweni, udinga ukufaka umyalo olandelayo ku-console: iptables --list

Ngenxa yalokho, okukhiphayo uboniswa, ethi Umbuso indawo isebenza futhi kuyisici esihlupha ohlelweni. Manje sinesizathu ukuvula port ye-Linux. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo:

iptables -A INPUT -p TCP -M TCP --dport 53 -J YAMUKELA

Ukhiye lapha ukuthi udinga ukwengeza umthetho omusha i chain ekhona. INPUT ebonisa ukuthi port evulekile zizofakwa. I -p uthi nakho kubonisa ukuthi uhlobo olandelwayo, kulesi simo-TCP. Dport kusho uya khona imbobo lapha - 53. Kahle futhi YAMUKELA - ukuvumela uxhumano.

Eqinisweni, izinkinobho babe iptables kungaphezu enikeza amathuba olukhulu ukuhleleka okuhle futhi kanjani ukuvula port ye-Linux.