Inhlokodolobha lwezezimali - Iyini?

Ngo umnotho inhlokodolobha ubizwa ngokuthi impahla umuntu noma obungokomthetho, obonakaliswe Ngokwamanani emali (ngezinye izikhathi e lezimpahla). Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi impahla eziningana:

• Ngo izinjongo siqu.
• Ukuze silondoloze (yokufuna kwakudala noma izinto okunethezeka).
• Ukuze uphindaphinde.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-term

Lwezezimali (imali) inhlokodolobha iwumthombo zokuphila kwezomnotho, okuyinto yakhiwa zezimali (amathuluzi yemali kanye lemali futhi non-cash amafa) kanye capital ngokomzimba (izinsiza atshalwe zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi kwezomnotho). Zezomnotho ukuhumusha umqondo wegama elithi "dolobha" ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Zezomnotho ukuhumusha umqondo wegama elithi "dolobha" ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abaningi babo bakholelwa ukuthi lo mqondo ubanzi kakhulu kunowanoma 'imali' nje. Ngokwesibonelo, Smith ephawula dolobha njengoba isitokwe ezithile imali nezinto. Ricardo uyaqhubeka. Yena ubachazela dolobha njengoba impahla reserve izimali ukukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uyakholelwa ukuthi okwandisa izindleko zemali yokuqhuba ibhizinisi, kungaba nzima kakhulu. Fisher Capital Economist uhumusha kudalwa namasevisi yakha inzuzo.

Ngenxa yalokho, le zezimali isakhiwo inhlokodolobha - kuyinto ethile ingcebo, uzwakalise engqondo, yangempela futhi zezimali amakhono, ezisetshenziswa ukwandisa inani imikhiqizo.

Capital accounting theory, Ubona konke imali etshalwe yezimpahla inhlangano noma inkampani.

Imfundiso yesimanje imigomo kwezomnotho inhlokodolobha zezimali sehlukaniswe elivumelekile, ivezwa ngendlela kakhulu ezihlakaniphile yangempela, kanye nemali (zezimali), uzwakalise ngokheshi kanye non-cash amafa kanye izibambiso.

zezomnotho Modern singaphoqi olunye uhlobo dolobha - womuntu. Ikhulela ngenxa umnikelo impilo kanye nemfundo abasebenzi akha izinsiza zabasebenzi ibhizinisi.

Umqondo oyisisekelo

inhlokodolobha lwezezimali - ukheshi kanye non-cash kusho ukuthi amabhizinisi imali ebhizinisini. Ukukhiqizwa odingeka hhayi kuphela enhlokodolobha impahla. Ikakhulukazi uma kukhona imali futhi non-cash esebenzisa baqashwe isikhashana ekukhiqizeni. Basuke balindzeleke kwekutsi bakhicite letitsintsa imali.

Household noma inhlangano is hhayi ukwenza ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele imali okuholela izidingo zamanje, ngisindise abathile izimali. Eza ngokusebenzisa zonke izindawo zokuhweba ngezimali emnothweni noma nezinye izinhlangano ukuthi uwasebenzise ukuthenga letitsintsa imali. Ngakho lapho utshalomali. Inkampani izimisele uye wasebenzisa inhlokodolobha ngokuqinile ukuyigcina, ukhokhe inzalo emalini ebolekwe. Lamaphesenti intengo dolobha zezimali.

Kwezomnotho, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi izimakethe zezimali ezincintisana kahle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho savers noma inkampani ethola utshalomali, akanawo ikhono kuthinta izinga intshisekelo obuhlukahlukene lemali imali etshaliwe noma izinguquko funa. Ngakho, isostatic emakethe ngesilinganiso isithakazelo eba ngokuhamba kuncintisana kanye zimali, futhi savers-amafemu.

Isidingo dolobha zezimali - ke luncike inkokhelo yenzuzo ye-investimenti. Imali ingaphansi, aba maningi ivolumu uma utshala imali. Isibalo iziphakamiso ezivela amafemu-savers, futhi, luncike inkokhelo yenzalo: enkulu kangakanani, ayanda inani ukonga.

Okuqukethwe capital zezimali

inhlokodolobha lwezezimali saziwa kwezezimali kanye lemali futhi non-cash imali. Kulokhu, imibhalo eyigugu njengesiliva isigaba neyaziwayo ngokugcwele dolobha zezimali. Cash and non-cash izindlela ayikwazi ngokuphelele kubhekwe njengoba enjalo. Ukukhokhela imisebenzi emikhulu ungacabangi supply imali ezandleni izakhamuzi zezwe, emahhovisi ithikithi izinkampani ezahlukene kanye namafemu, kanye ukhiye ingxenye izimali kuma-akhawunti wamanje amabhange (njengoba ukuba sifeze ukuthengwa nokudayiswa ukuthengiselana). Kuphela ingxenye lezi zimali, eyafakwa izitolimende noma kusengaphambili, ungawela ngaphansi esigabeni "inhlokodolobha zezimali yezinhlangano." Leyo ngxenye izimali izinhlangano, elisetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso impesheni noma umshwalense ukonga nakho kungaba ukwabelana dolobha zezimali.

Isifanekiso kuyinto umdwebo eyisibonelo inhlokodolobha zezimali.

izimo zomnotho

Kumiswa esigabeni kwezomnotho we "ezezimali inhlokodolobha" senziwa isidingo inzuzo kwezomnotho. Uma ucabangela imodeli kwegazi emnothweni, singabona ukuthi lenhlangano ukukhokhela izinsiza kwezomnotho kanye zamanje nezindleko izindleko ugcine isabelo impahla yawo akhawunti zamanje amabhange kanye ukheshi, futhi abanye - emithethweni yemali kanye imali emabhange imali esikhathini esizayo. Imindeni futhi buthelela ukonga futhi afeze ezihlukahlukene izinkokhelo, kubandakanya intela. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, kunjalo futhi akhawunti evulekile amabhange kanye imali kukhona izibambiso. Isimo, njengoba ummeleli ukuphila kwezomnotho, yenza ukukhokhela izinsiza, imixhaso kanye izimpahla, ngacula Imali ethunyelwe kazwelonke futhi kunyatheliswa izibambiso yabo. Izimali, umshwalense kanye nempesheni, iqhaza emjikelezweni kwezomnotho, ukunciphisa izingozi ezivela inkambo imisebenzi yomphakathi kanye nomnotho, ngenkathi ephethe ezinye ejenti yabo asebenzayo lutho okwamanje.

ezingokoqobo zamanje

Ngo wesifunda lanamuhla kwezomnotho capital zezimali - lena dolobha yangempela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izibambiso nemali supply ihamba ku eziphathekayo kokusebenza kanye kwezimali ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi.

Lapha kumelwe uqaphele ukuthi akuzona zonke dolobha zezimali agelezela wangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye imindeni wezwe amanxusa asebenzayo lwemali igcinwe ekhaya. Inzuzo emkhakheni kwezomnotho, share capital ngempela ihumusha futhi laba inhloko-dolobha zezimali. Lokhu kungenzeka, isibonelo, ngenxa ukuncishiswa dolobha Depreciations ngenxa okuyinto siwela phezu kwanoma iyiphi i-akhawunti yasebhange. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlokodolobha zezimali is kwahambisana by imijovo zezimali njalo (iyafana ukuthengwa izibambiso). Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhlokodolobha zezimali usebenza parallel imali yangempela.

Ifomu nezimali ezinkulu

Njengoba kubonakala kahle ngenhla, inhlokodolobha zezimali - lokhu ingxenye yawo iMali kwenhlangano, elisesifundeni emuva kuletha bazuze imadlana ethile. Okungukuthi, it is badlulela futhi (noma) imithombo etshaliwe ngenhloso yokwenza inzuzo. Inhlokodolobha zezimali ibhizinisi - yilesi isisekelo lapho ukudala nokuthuthukisa inhlangano. Inikeza incazelo jikelele dolobha ukubaluleka izimali ibhizinisi ngesimo angaphatheki namafa ezingokoqobo futhi utshalomali.

Ngo inqubo dolobha kuyinto yisiboniso izithakazelo inhlangano futhi isimo. Ngakho-ke, into eyinhloko nokuphathwa kwezimali inhlangano, futhi abaphathi Umnyango Wezezimali ziyadingeka ukulandela kahle eliphezulu yokusetshenziswa kwawo.

Izimpawu capital zezimali

izinsiza lwezezimali kanye capital zihlobene kakhulu. Kulesi sisekelo ukwaba ezinye zezimpawu yenhlangano wezezimali dolobha.

-accessory

Lapha dolobha ihlukile yazo waboleka. On nokulingana kungenziwa bahlulelwe ukubaluleka isiyonke izimali zebhizinisi (okuhambisana amalungelo ubunikazi yebhizinisi). Kuhlanganisa esiqiwini, inhlokodolobha ezengeziwe ogunyaziwe futhi yagcinwa nomholo.

Agunyaziwe noma wabelane dolobha - iyona lemali okungenani impahla siqu, okuyinto isiqinisekiso abakweletwayo ngalesi simo. Usayizi Its ezibekwe kulo mthetho-sisekelo wenhlangano (esiphansi ezingeni komthetho federal).

Inhlokodolobha ezengeziwe siqukethe revaluation izinsalela kwempahla impahla ibhizinisi, okuyiwona isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ukuphila ewusizo. Futhi kule enhlokodolobha kuyinto ukuthola repayable by value, imali oyitholile okweqa ukubaluleka sakugcina izibambiso esikhishwe nezinye namanani emali angena ngaphansi kwalo mkhakha.

Reserve dolobha - ukunqwabelana amacala etholwe bafike endaweni eziphuthumayo: ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka, ukuhlengwa ukwabelana, njll Usayizi ezibanjwayo ilawulwa isimiso ..

inhlokodolobha lwezezimali - kuyinto imbuyiselo ibhizinisi, okuyinto cishe ingxenye eyisisekelo ke.

inhlokodolobha Borrowed - ukheshe noma ezinye izinto eziyigugu abathintekayo kwi ukubuya isisekelo ngcono inhlangano.

CIP

Ngesisekelo utshalomali ukuhlukanisa phakathi ukusebenza futhi fixed capital.

Ingxenye etshaliwe ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi namafa non-zamanje, futhi inhloko-dolobha enkulu. inhlokodolobha lwezezimali kuhlanganisa kungaxoxwa.

Zonke izimpahla ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki kufakwe inhlokodolobha sezimali zenhlangano, kukhona kwegazi njalo. Kule, ungakwazi ukwabelana it on ifomu indawo e-round elandelayo ematfuba. Lokhu imali, ithele kanye lezimpahla.

ifomu Monetary - kungcono investimenti. Izinamathiseli kungaba njengasezinsukwini extra- futhi izimpahla zamanje. Kunoma yikuphi, bangena ifomu elikhiqizayo.

Ngesikhathi dolobha ukukhiqizwa esiteji ingena ukuma izimpahla (imisebenzi, izinsizakalo).

Sesithathu nesokugcina esiteji - lezimpahla-dolobha siguqulelwa imali ngokudayisa izimpahla (imisebenzi noma amasevisi).

Okuhambisana lezinhlangano capital izinguquko ukubaluleka kwayo.

Lwezezimali Wealth Management

Lokhu umsebenzi ngokuvamile amanga umnyango ukuphathwa kwenkampani kanye izindlela ukuphatha notshwala zabo zezimali. Kuze kube yimanje, inhlangano eside futhi kufanele abunjwe inqubomgomo yesikhathi esifushane yentela. Isiqondiso oyinhloko kufanele kube ekuheheni futhi ukusatshalaliswa efanele notshwala zezimali.

Lwezezimali Wealth Management yakhelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile eziyisisekelo.

1. Ukunqunywa enomqondo obudingekayo ukulingana enhlokodolobha.
2. Ukuganukeja (uma kunesidingo) yenzuzo undistributed noma inkinga ukwabelana ukwandisa inhlokodolobha nokulingana.
3. Le mfundiso eyasungulwa ethi nasekubulaleni inqubomgomo idividendi kanye nesakhiwo dovypuska nokwabelana.

Inqubomgomo yezimali senzeka ngezigaba eziningana.