Tibetan ukuzimela Xizang noma njengoba ibizwa Chinese, iyona ndawo yesithathu elikhulu PRC. Inhlokodolobha mlando Tibet - Lhasa. Ukuzimela liphezulu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle ku le-Tibetan Plateau, le kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Yingakho owasungula emifuleni olukhulu, iNdiya neChina - Indus, Brahmaputra, Salween, iMekong, umfula iYangtze, eMfuleni eliphuzi. Specific, engavamile futhi engaqondakali Tibet - yindawo lapho abahambi ukufinyelela isimo catharsis ezingokomoya. Kuyinto ethandwa, ezikhangayo, akunakwenzeka ukukhohlwa.
izwe elehlukile
ukuthandwa Izikhangibavakashi yaseTibet kusekelwe yayo umlando wasendulo, inkolo - engazi ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana ngalesi simo, akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ujabulele ubuhle bemvelo yayo nendlela yokwakha. Zonke adalwe komuntu futhi ephakeme amandla ukunika lizwe charm yayo.
Okuningi noma okuncane olunembile idatha ukhombise okuvela umbuso wokuqala esigodini Tibetan Yarlung River (kungakho igama lwamakhosi elibusayo - Yarlung) AD III ekhulwini. Kakade kusukela ekhulwini VII, umlando Tibet okuthanda amagama athile, izibalo, imininingwane. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla walondoloza izingcezwana yasekuqaleni kufakwe ukuklanywa zezindela abadumile. Isikhathi kanye impi engawayekanga ukwakhiwa eziyingqayizivele isiko esiyingqayizivele. Kodwa abuyiselwe, bona kuphela ezikhanga izivakashi nezihambi ezivela emhlabeni wonke. I eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto has futhi uyaziqhenya we dolobha yaseTibet, kuyinto ngaphansi kwesivikelo UNESCO. I okwakhe isiko Tibetan nokholo kuchazwe ukufinyelela nzima hhayi kuphela futhi ivaliwe ezweni elingaphandle, kodwa futhi isimo indawo - Tibet imingcele kuzwe unspoilt efana India, Nepal neChina. Ngokomlando, ukuthi okwase kuyisikhathi eside ngaphansi kwethonya elinamandla Mongolia.
Omkhulu yinkosi Tibetan
Njalo ilizwe lonke ukhona kwaba umholi oqinile, ubuntu elikhanyayo. State phakathi nokubusa kwayo okwaduma zandiswa kwaba ovelele kule ndawo. Ekhulwini VII BC ETIBET uvele Umbusi ohlakaniphile Songtsen Gampo (iminyaka 604-650). Wahlanganisa ngaphansi kokubusa esifundazweni sakhe ekhishwe inyumbazane. abafazi ababili kwakhe, amakhosazana Chinese Nepalese, engeniswa kuleli, kanye eziqoshiwe Buddha, banikezwe lona dowry ngokwayo nobuBuddha. Nezixakaxaka nomakhelwane, baba ekhaya isikhathi ubohle. Ngaphansi kwethonya omkawo - Owesifazane othile waseChina Wencheng futhi Nepalese Bhrikuti zaguqulwa kamuva Green nokumhlophe Tara, unkulunkulukazi main wenkolo yobuBuddha, nenhloko-dolobha yaseTibet washukumiseleka ukuba Lhasa (Tibetan - "abode onkulunkulu" noma "indawo laphezulu"), okwathi kamuva laba isifunda ibe yindawo Buddhism. Amabili eziqoshiwe umbusi e Lhasa amathempeli ezimbili ezakhiwa - the Jokhang futhi Ramoche. Ngokuphindaphindiwe zashintshwa zikhona manje futhi bamele ekhulwini VII. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhetha Red Mountain, Songtsen Gampo awakhele kuso a abayisishiyagalolunye ngokudala 999 amakamelo esigodlweni, okuyinto eye yasinda emhumeni, lapho umbusi ukuzindla wedwa. Lokhu umhlambi izivakashi abafuna ukuzizwa ukuhlakanipha ubudala futhi ujabulele ngokunqoba umoya.
impi izinkolo
Kuleli qophelo kumi Potala edume. Lezi zakhiwo ezintathu ayingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, engaphansi eqeqeshwa we-UNESCO. Inhloko-dolobha ye-Tibet, Lhasa omunye kweminyaka engu-250 ngemva kokufa kuka-Songtsen Gampo kwaba siphephelo Yarlung lwamakhosi. Kodwa ayikho ethandwa lapha kuphela phakathi kwezakhi zenhlabathi ezincane ahlukile, kuyilapho iningi labantu nabaseTibet wayekwenza le Bon okholweni wawoyise. ukungaboni ngaso linye kwezenkolo futhi kwaba isizathu esiyinhloko Ngokuwa eyodwa isimo Tibetan. Nokho, ubuBuddha, kunalokho, waqala ukuthandwa, ezuza nezici ezintsha ehlukile. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani le mfundiso sima siqine ngaphansi kwegama Lamaism, emelela interweaving wefilosofi Buddhist nokukholelwa magic engaqondakali. Le ndlela bayibiza ngokuthi ngisho ifomu Tibetan-isiMongolia Mahayana, egatsheni enyakatho wenkolo yobuBuddha, noma injalo kamuva.
Livela lezi zindawo Buddhism
Lamaism njengoba ifomu state izwe sesonto, eliholwa umpristi, okukhulunywe lapha njengoba uDalai Lama. nenhloko-dolobha yaseTibet kwekhulu XIII - the eqinile Lamaism, okuyinto angena ezindaweni ezihlukene Mongolia, Nepal, i-India neChina.
Buddhism Tibet kuyanda ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa ukwakhiwa zezindela zenkolo, owokuqala sazo sasingamashumi Samye. Yakhiwa 770 ngokuzikhandla trisong detsen, 38 Inkosi yakwa-Tibet. Ngemva kwalokho, le ke inhloko-dolobha yaseTibet walahlekelwa ukubaluleka umuzi omkhulu isimo. Ngisho nanamuhla, lokhu indawo ingenye amaphuzu asemqoka kanye namanye ethandwa izivakashi umzila.
Revival ngemva amaMongol ahlasele
Ekhulwini XI izwe waqala ukuvuseleleka, kodwa zithola insimu yayo 1239 amaMongol wabhubhisa iningi zezindela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi abanqobi azinza lapha, esenziwa nobuBuddha. Futhi lapho 1350 monk Jangchub Gyaltsen (umfundi wokuqala Sakya esikoleni) waqala ukuba zibuye, wayesiza kuye. Esikhathini XIV ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni xv eminyaka Tibet iqala ukuthandwa futhi ukwandisa ithonya lawo Gelugpa esikoleni (iqiniso). It eyakhelwe zezindela of Ganden, Drepung futhi Sera iba yizindawo pilgrimage. Umuzi Lhasa, inhloko-dolobha yaseTibet yasezinkangala, lasendulo iba maphakathi inkolo entsha ukuze kwakhiwe futhi bachuma alokhu kakhulu wenza V uDalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang igama kokuba Gyatso, Elikhulu (1617-1682 GG.). Ukwahlulela ngezwi "omkhulu", ungacabanga kangakanani akwenzele Tibet. Kusayithi lashisa ngenxa umbani ushaye lesigodlo Red Mountain, waqala ukwakha iparele izakhiwo emhlabeni - i Potala Palace, okuyinto kwakufanele abe icebo, isakhiwo llama nokungcwatshwa zabo endaweni. Kuze kube manje, esigodlweni kuyinto bokuthi Tibet, uphawu yayo.
Isigodlo edume
Potala - entabeni eNingizimu India. Ngokusho yetinsita Buddhist, uhlala kuso Avalokiteshvara (Chenrezig), kusukela elafika wonke abantu Tibetan. UDalai Lama - incarnation zasemhlabeni Bodhisattva. Futhi-ke, le Potala Palace abizwa ekuso, futhi kwaba esihlalweni umbusi benkolo Tibet kuze 1950, lapho amabutho Chinese matasa Tibet kanye XIV uDalai Lama waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele eNdiya. mansions okusha wakhela phakathi nokubusa uDalai Lama V, e 1645, kusayithi lapho ake wama inqaba 9 storey Songtsen Gampo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi esigodlweni liyalondolozwa kuphela emhumeni edume of Fa-Wan, lapho, 33 Omkhulu, inkosi yakwa-Tibet, ukufunda imibhalo engcwele. Isakhiwo ezehlukile esiqongweni sentaba kufana ezinwetshiwe wakhe, kwadlula esibhakabhakeni. Manje ezimbili ithoni handsome esithathwe ngaphansi Ukuvikelwa (inezinhlobo izindela ambalwa) futhi uyisikhumbuzo somlando yobuciko elikhonza ikakhulukazi ukuheha abavakashi Tibet. Lhasa, ivulekele umphakathi kuphela ngo-1980, manje lithandwa kakhulu yizivakashi.
China wenza konke ukuze andise ukugeleza izivakashi
China ukuvakasha inamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu. ukuzimela abahlukile Tibetan, nekomkhulu lalo Lhasa - ingcebo iba mecca izivakashi. Yiqiniso, ivulekele umphakathi kuphela muva nje, Tibet sekuyisikhathi eside isikhungo zenkolo ngempela angekho esidlangalaleni. Akukho nengqalasizinda enjalo enamandla eyenzelwe kugeleza izivakashi, ezifana, isibonelo, Switzerland - omdala resort maphakathi nezwe. Kodwa ukwenza okwengeziwe manje ngokushesha. Kakade Lhasa, inhloko-dolobha mlando Tibet, has izakhiwo izivakashi elihambisana okungcono namazinga omhlaba. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eliphezulu aphambili amahhotela, kokuhle kunakho konke komhlambi 296 namuhla ekhona enhlokodolobha yase-Tibet. Lokhu Shangri-La elingamamitha 700 kuphela ukusuka esigodlweni Norbulingka naseTibet Museum. Lokhu kulandelwa i-St enhle ngokungavamile Regis Lhasa kuyona. Hhayi kunabayeni kubo Shambhala Isigodlo kanye Tashitakge Ihhotela.
Ukuvakashela Tibet kuyatholakala eziningi
Kodwa lokhu "best of the best" ehhotela izakhiwo, elise enkabeni yedolobha, ngaphakathi ukuhamba ibanga wabo bonke ezikhangayo ezinkulu e Lhasa. wonke Uhlelo ezokuvakasha ETIBET eklanyelwe trifles. Kukhona amahhotela ngamanani ezingabizi kakhulu, kanye ne uhlelo nezimo izinzuzo, ezifana izaphulelo sidlo, ukukhanselwa khulula yokubhuka izaphulelo kuma amathikithi yezindiza nokuningi. Inombolo enkulukazi amahhotela Unokulinganisela eliphezulu kakhulu kanye nokubuyekeza ezinhle. Manje Lhasa negama - "amahhotela edolobheni". Kodwa ezikhangayo esiyingqayizivele le dolobha. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa Potala Palace futhi Jokhang Temple Street Berkhor zezindela of Drepung, Sera, Ganden, futhi Trugo esigodlweni Tsanggu. Uhlu ezikhangayo esemqoka kuyoba akuphelele abode Pabongka kanye emathuneni ekuseni amakhosi Tibetan.