Inkinga yemfundo kanye nemfundo ku-comedy "Nedorosl" I-DI Fonvizin

Inkinga yemfundo kanye nemfundo yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ifakwa emsebenzini omkhulu kaDenis Fonvizin, futhi ukuziphatha kwabalingiswa kanye nezici zabo kubambe iqhaza ekusungulweni kwengxabano. "I-Nedorosl" iyimidiya ehlakaniphile ngezihlakaniphi ezingamanga ezithatha izifundo ezivela kubafundisi basezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa bona ngokwabo abafundi lutho. Kwakungumlingisi oyinhloko, uMitrofan.

Incazelo emfushane. "I-Nedorosl" njenge-comedy engcono kakhulu yezemfundo

Umndeni kaProstakovs uzoshada nendodana kaMitrofan kuphela kuSophia ohlakaniphile nohle. Umlobokazi unezinhlobo ze-Skotinin, ngemuva kokunqoba ukufuna ukuthatha imfuyo yezingulube, lapho engumzingeli omkhulu. Noma kunjalo, uSophia akanandaba nanoma yimuphi walabo abagibeli futhi ulindele intsha efundela futhi efundisiwe yaseMilo. Ngaphambi nje komshado, umalume weNtombi Starodom umemezelwa, owazisa ngefa elikhulu. Izifebe, ezizwa ngalokhu, zifuna ukusheshisa lo mdlalo, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho zifundisa indodana yazo ukufunda nokubhala. Kusukela kulo mzuzu izenzakalo ziqala. Iyini inkinga yemfundo kanye nemfundo ku-comedy "I-Minor" ixazululwe?

UMitrofan usemusha osemusha ongakaze akhonze emphakathini futhi akahlukanisi nengqondo ekhudlwana. Kulezi zifundo uhlambalaza othisha futhi uyazihlupha, akahloniphi umama nhlobo futhi uthi: "Angifuni ukutadisha, kodwa ngifuna ukushada!". Ngenhlanhla, edolobheni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubonakala i-Starodum noMilo, abazothatha uSophia abavela eProstakovs. Umama womndeni akayeki ukuziphoqa ngokwakhe futhi uyaziqhenya ngempumelelo yokucabanga yendodana yakhe. I-Starodum ikholelwa ukuthi uMitrofan kumele abe ngowokuqala ukunikeza imfundo enhle nokukhulisana: abangenalwazi abakhulume kahle futhi abakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo elula. Umshado kaSophia naye ngeke kwenzeke, ngoba intombazane inika imvume kuMilo. Izifebe zihlala emzaneni wazo, futhi amaqabunga e-Starodum nomlobokazi nomkhwenyana osanduliwe.

Inkinga yemfundo emphakathini wekhulu le-18 ngesibonelo somndeni wakwaProstakov

Isikhathi Sokukhanyiselwa eRussia nakwezwe lonke sibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yesayensi nefilosofi. Amashayori nezikole zavulwa, ngoba ukutholakala kwemfundo enhle kwakubhekwa njengefashini, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezicukuthwane. Ukukhanya akuphelanga ngolwazi lwezilimi zangaphandle kanye nokukwazi ukuziphatha emphakathini: umuntu kumele akwazi ukufunda, ukubhala nokubala. Inkinga yokukhuliswa nokufundiswa komdlalo "Minor" kufakwa ngendlela ehlukile: Abantu asebekhulile, njengoNksz Prostakova, bakholelwa ukuthi imfundo ayidingekile. UMitrofan empilweni akusiyo isibalo esisebenzayo: "Imali - siyothola ngaphandle kwePafnutich kahle." Noma kunjalo, u-Prostakov uxosha indodana yakhe ukuba afunde ukuthi kufanele abukeke ehloniphekile emehlweni omphakathi.

Izithombe zezinhlamvu ezihle nezinhle

"I-Nedorosl" yi-comedy yakudala lapho bonke ubunye kubonakala khona, kuhlanganise nokuba khona kwamagama okukhuluma. Umfundi angaqagela kalula ukuthi i-Prostakov, i-Skotinin ne-Vralman yiziqhawe ezimbi: owokuqala ulula njengama kopecks amathathu, owesibili umlutha wezinkomo, okwesithathu ukhonjisiwe ukuze akhohlwe ukuthi uvelaphi; Esikhathini somunye umlingiswa omubi, uMitrofanushka, umbhali uphakamisa inkinga yangempela yokukhuliswa kanye nemfundo.

Ku-comedy "Nedorosl" i-Starodum, i-Pravdin neMilon yilabo abaphethe ubuhle. Bafuna ukukhulula uSophia emzaneni waseProstakov, futhi bayithola. Laba bantu banikezwa imfundo engcono kakhulu futhi bakhuluma "ngokungazi lutho ngaphandle komphefumulo", njengoMitrofan. Inkulumo yamaqhawe amahle aphansi, ngakho-ke abafundi bayicaphuna kuze kube manje.

Isithombe sikaMitrofan

I-comedy "i-Nedorosl" iyathandeka ngenxa yemvelo ye-atypical yomlingisi oyinhloko. UNksz Prostakova akawuthandi umphefumulo endodaneni yakhe kuphela. Uyaziqhenya ngemfundo yakhe enhle, nakuba engakafundi ukufunda nokufunda kanye nazo zonke ezinye zezesayensi. U-Fonvizin wabhala i-comedy engcono kunazo zonke, ebonisa ukungqubuzana kwemfundo, lapho umfundi angakwazi khona ukujula, ngemva kokufunda okuqukethwe okugcwele.

I-Mitorfanushka encane iboniswa eduze kwamakhasi okuqala we-comedy. Umfana oneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala wayengakafiki enkonzweni yomphakathi futhi wayengenqikazi ukufunda. Ungumfanekiso wabantu bonke "amadodana amancane omama" abahola indlela yokuphila engumzimba, abahlala ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwabazali babo futhi bangaziphenduli kahle ngokukhathalela nangothando. Emndenini lapho uMitrofan akhule khona, ukungazi nokungahlali kwamasiko.

Izithombe zothisha nezici zazo

UNksz Prostakova uqasha abathathu abathathu indodana yakhe: Tsyfirkin, Kuteikin naseVralman. Owokuqala nguye ohloniphekile futhi othembekile kakhulu. U-Pafnutich Tsyfirkin ubhekisela ngokuziphendulela ngendaba yokukhanyisa futhi unzima ukufundisa izibalo ezingalungile, kodwa ubhekana nokuhlukumeza kusuka ku-Prostakov naseVralman. Ekupheleni komdlalo, wenqaba ukukhokhela umsebenzi wakhe, ngoba yena ngokwakhe uyavuma, wahluleka ukufundisa uMitrophan isayensi yakhe.

U-seminarian u-Kuteykin ofundiswe isigamu uziqhenya ngalokho okuvela ososayensi, kepha naye uhluleka ukuthola indlela efanele eNedoroslya. Iminyaka emine yokufundisa uhlelo lolimi uMitrofan "umugqa omusha awuqondi". Ekugcineni, i-Kuteikin idinga ukukhokha hhayi kuphela amahora okufundisa, kodwa futhi nezicathulo ezidabukile.

U-Vralman waphumelela ekuhleleni izinkulumo ezikhazimulayo zikaProstakov. Uthisha wamanga uthi uMitrofan udinga ukwazi ukuthi angaphila emphakathini, futhi izibalo nezinhlelo zolimi ngeke zenze okuhle. Ngokushesha i-Starodum iveza uVralman: ufunda kulo mqeqeshi wakhe osempesheni, owaqala ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini emisha. Inkinga yemfundo kanye nemfundo ku-comedy "I-Minor" inqunywe ekupheleni: UMitrofan unqunywe ukujoyina ibutho, ngoba le nsizwa iyisithulu kwisayensi kanye nokuziphatha okuyisisekelo.

Okushiwo izigcawu zokugcina

Isihloko se-comedy sikhombisa isisekelo sikaMitrofan, isimo sakhe esibi. Inzalo ayizwa nje kuphela ezindabeni zokukhanya, kodwa futhi ibonisa ukungahloniphi okuyisisekelo kwesizukulwane esidala. Washaqeka umama wakhe, owayengawuthandi umphefumulo kuye futhi wenza konke okusemandleni akhe. Mayelana noNksz Prostakova, bathi bakhulise izingane zabo. "Masihambe, mama," uMitrofanushka uyamtshela, emva kwalokho owesifazane ompofu uphelelwa amandla, futhi i-Starodum iphetha ngokuthi: "Nansi isithelo esibi esifanelekayo." Ekugcineni umlobi wabeka incazelo ejulile: abantu bokuqala ababezithulu kwisayensi, abavame ukuzuza isifiso sokufunda eminyakeni eminingi, ngakho-ke bayaqhubeka bengenalwazi. Okungeyona imfundo idala ezinye izimfanelo zabantu ezingalungile: ukuzinya, ukukhwabanisa, ukuhlukumezeka.

Ekupheleni komdlalo, abathintekayo - uSophia, Milon, Pravdin no-Starodum - bashiye umuzi waseProstakov. "Ukungazi lutho ngaphandle komphefumulo" kushiywa ukukhetha indlela yentuthuko yabo: kumele bashintshe umbono wabo, noma bazohlala bengenangqondo.