"Incwadi yezikhalo": isifinyeto esifushane sezindaba ezimangalisayo zika-A. P. Chekhov

Bathi akukho mithetho ngaphandle kokungafani, futhi noma yikuphi okunye okufakazela nje umthetho. Mhlawumbe yindlela okuyiyo. Kodwa-ke, lesi simemezelo, akusobala ukuthi asihlangani nongcweti womlobi waseRussia u-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov futhi uvinjelwa ohlangothini lwakhe lweshumi, futhi udumo lwakhe oludumile: "Brevity udade we talenta." Emisebenzini yakhe - izindaba ezincane, kuzo zonke ngaphandle, i-Chekhov ngokukhazimulayo, inika ngokucacile futhi ngokuqondile umfundi lokho abanye abakwazi ukukusho nasemakhasini angamakhulu amathathu. Futhi incwadi ethi "Izikhalazo" ezihlekisayo (isifinyeto sitholakala ngokulandelayo) yisinye isiqiniseko esicacile salokho ...

Umlando omncane

Kwakukhona ngo-1884. Ngabe unyaka onjani? Kuningi okwenzekile, kodwa sinesithakazelo kumcimbi owodwa, ekuboneni kokuqala, okungabalulekile. Lona ngumagazini olandelayo we "Shards" wamasonto onke. "Kungani?" Ucela. Yebo, ngoba ithola indzaba yayo ehlekisayo "Incwadi yezikhalazo" - esinye isivivinyo somlobi womlobi we-novice, udokotela ngomsebenzi u-Anton Chekhov. Ngaleso sikhathi esikude wabhala izindaba eziningi, ama-feuilletons, ama-humoresques ngaphansi kwegama lika-Antos Chehonte. Futhi wayevame ukuhlambalazwa ngenxa yalokhu, ekhuthazwa ukuba angachithi ithalenta lakhe, "alambile" kancane, ukuze kamuva, kusukela ekubonweni okuhlangene, ukunikeza okuthile okubaluleke nakakhulu. Ngeke kuthiwe uChekhov akazange alalele lezi zeluleko nezifiso. Wazamukela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo akazange akwazi ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngokuvuma kwakhe, ngokusho kwendaba ngalolu suku.

Elula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngezinye izinto ezingavamile, singasho ukuthi i-jeweler, ihlekisayo, futhi yayiyizinyathelo zakhe zokuqala, izinyathelo ezweni lezincwadi ezinkulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle kokuthi akunakwenzeka ukucabanga u-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ngokwakhe. Sekudlule iminyaka engu-130, futhi sikhumbula, futhi siqhubeka nokufunda ngama-miniatures akhe okuqala. Isibonelo, i- "Incwadi yezikhalazo," sifunda isifinyezo esifushane futhi sikuthola kuso ...

Izici

Isakhiwo njengalokhu endabeni ethi "Incwadi yezikhalazo" zikaKeykhov (incazelo emfushane esizoyichaza ngokuqhubekayo) ayikho. Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo? Yebo, ayikho. Ngakho-ke, ngokuphambene nemithetho yenhlobo nemithetho ebhaliwe yezincwadi. Kodwa akuyithinti. Ngokuphambene nalokho, yilesi sici esiletha umfundi into esemqoka ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Kuyini, lokhu okuyinhloko, kuyinto? Futhi-ke yimuphi "incwadi yezikhalazo"? Isifinyeto sizoshukumisa. Ngakho, sifunda ...

I-AP Chekhov, "I-Complaints Book": isifinyeto

Ngempela, "Incwadi yezikhalazo" uhlobo lomqulu. Ugcinwa ehhovisi elikhethekile esiteshini sesitimela. Kudesksi, futhi ukhiye uyathembeka, ngoba ayikho idokhumenti, futhi idinga ukwelashwa okufanele. Eqinisweni, ayikho ikhiye, futhi akayidingi nhlobo, ngoba ideski ihlale ivulekile: ngena, ofuna, evulekile futhi afunde ...

Ekhuluma ngokomfanekiso, "Incwadi yezikhalazo" ngumlingisi oyinhloko womsebenzi. Indlu yakhe ihlale igcwele izivakashi - okungcono kakhulu ukuthi ayiyona into ehlukene. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthi bonke laba bantu bangakwazi ukuwela kunoma yimuphi omunye indawo: umqhubi we-telegraph uKozmodemyansky, umdikoni uDukuv, umfundi we-7 ye-Kursk yokuvocavoca u-Alexei Zudiev, umabhalane uSamoluchshev nomhlali ohlala ehlala ehlobo.

Abanye beza ukukhononda ngokuhlukunyezwa komqhubi kanye nokungahloniphi komgadi. Abanye - emoyeni, ukuhlukumezeka kwakhe nokuzikhandla kwakhe, okuyinto ayesaba ukuhamba nayo esiteshini bese esusa isikhwama sakhe. Kukhona abantu ababengenamahloni, kodwa abanomusa, ngokuvuma ngothando ngoKatenka othile, futhi kwakukhona nalabo abahlambalaza, bahleka futhi babika ukuthi: Nikandrov, isibonelo, ungumphakathi wezenhlalakahle, noTeltsovsky, futhi umama we-gendarme wenza ubufebe izolo - wahamba no "Bartender Kostya" yomfula. Lezi zinsuku, futhi, zikhethe ukuhlala incognito futhi zingabhalanga. Yini eyabakhuthaza? Ngempela, ngokuqinisekile, lezi zikhalo azisoze zaba ngaphandle kwe "ncwadi". Kodwa, ngokusobala, abantu abanjalo bayakujabulela ngisho nethuba elincane lokusho okuthile emphakathini.

Isiphetho

AmaRookers agijima, aletha imilolotelo yokuqala, izimpendulo ezishisayo ezikhulwini zangaphambilini. Ngokuvamile, babhala ukuthi kuzozulazula ekhanda, - leli phepha lizohlala likhona, futhi i-heroine - "Incwadi yezikhalazo," - kuyaqondakala, uthethelele. Ungenza amaphutha okugrama, uphume lokho ongakuthandi, futhi ungacabangi ngokuqukethwe kanye nencazelo yamazwi akho ... Yileyo indaba yonke, futhi indaba yonke "Incwadi yezikhalazo." Isifinyeto sihle, kodwa kungcono ukuvula umbhalo uqobo futhi uhloniphe isitayela esimangalisayo se-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ongunaphakade.