Inqubo Imininingwane: izibonelo. Imininingwane nolwazi izinqubo (computer science)

Lonke umlando ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi womuntu kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ukuthuthukiswa ekuqongeleleni imali, ukudluliswa kanye ukucutshungulwa kolwazi. Kubalulekile kakhulu ngenxa yokuphila komuntu ngamunye kanye nomphakathi wonkana kufanele isitoreji idatha. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo abantu ibhekene isidingo sokulondoloza ulwazi.

Imigomo Izincazelo

Imininingwane - ulwazi mayelana lezinto zomhlaba, okuyinto ziqondakala owomuntu, ukuphila isitshalo noma idivayisi ekhethekile.

Abezindaba - kuyinto medium ngokomzimba lapho noma ngaphakathi ulwazi ingalungiswa.

Idatha ishede - kulotshwe kwisitoreji semidiya zangaphandle ukuthi yakhelwe yokugcina yesikhathi eside kanye nokusetshenziswa unomphela. Izici Main: ivolumu, ukuthembeka, ukufinyelela isikhathi (ukufuna isikhathi imiyalezo kunesidingo), ukutholakala Ukuvikelwa ulwazi. Ezimweni zanamuhla ukuze kulondolozwe izinto besebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene.

Computing - isayensi idatha nezinqubo ngokwemvelo futhi umphakathi, izindlela namaqhinga eyamukelayo, ukugcina, ukucubungula, transmission, kanye nokusetshenziswa inqubo control.

ubuchwepheshe Imininingwane - amathuluzi nezindlela lokuqoqa, ukucubungula, ukugcina, ukwabelana kanye nokuvikela ulwazi.

inqubo Imininingwane: izibonelo kumasistimu

Cabangela lokhu ajwayelekile kubo bonke uhlelo lokwenziwa, njengoba umtapo. It wenziwa okungenani ezine eziyinhloko Imininingwane inqubo:

• isitoreji - izincwadi kanye nokunye okubhaliwe asezindaweni emagcekeni umtapo;
• Ukucinga - lapho umfundi izincwadi, yezincwadi kumele ngimthole;
• Dlulisa - okwethulwa incwadi idatha ngocansi ukuze umfundi;
• Ukwelashwa - lapho umtapo ithola izincwadi ezintsha, idatha okuyinto afakiwe lwemibhalo; Ukufundwa, umfundi IZINHLELO idatha, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukhona inqubo ulwazi.

Izibonelo izinqubo ezifana singakwazi ukugcina ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe, isibonelo, ukuxhumana uhlelo ephathekayo. Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu yinqubo usebenzisa idatha lapho ulwazi idinga izinhlelo izingxenye zawo.

Imininingwane uhlelo - izakhi (hardware, i-software, idatha) ukuthi nihlanganyele, ukunikeza abasebenzisi ngolwazi oludingekayo njengoba omunye sisebenzise imininingwane. Izibonelo ukusetshenziswa lanamuhla izinhlelo ulwazi kungatholakala yonke indawo: ezimbonini, amabhange nezinye izikhungo. Basiza ilondoloza amarekhodi, ukunikeza ulwazi abasebenzi kanye nokuhlinzeka imishini operation zezimboni (othomathikhi zokukhiqiza imigqa, imishini nokunye. D.).

Ukufunda izisekelo kolwazi nobuchwepheshe

Ukuze uthole isibonelo ingqikithi "Ulwazi kanye nolwazi izinqubo" (okokugcina ilungiselelwe ngendlela izimfuneko ulwazi namakhono abafundi) Kuzoxoxwa ngani.

Abafundi kufanele bazi umqondo kolwazi nobuchwepheshe; igama ngenhloso izinhlelo eziyisisekelo software.

Futhi, abafundi kufanele bakwazi ukulungisa lesizinda nkinga futhi izinjongo zawo, khetha futhi acoshe (noma ukuthuthukisa) namasu ekuxazululeni le nkinga a subject endaweni ethile.

Kuzo zonke izigaba ekukhuleni komphakathi ubuchwepheshe obufana usetshenziselwe ukuxhumana nabantu, zibonisa izinga elifanele kanye nokwenzeka usebenzisa ukubhaliswa, isitoreji, ukucubungula okuxhunyanwa idatha, kanjalo nokuthuthukisa inqubo ulwazi.

Izibonelo zezinkinga computer isayensi sokuthuthukiswa Yiqiniso esikoleni:

• yazi abafundi umqondo wokuphathwa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe;
• ukwakha umqondo ubuchwepheshe njengoba iqoqo izindlela, amathuluzi kanye namasu asetshenziselwa ukuba uxazulule izinkinga isihloko endaweni ethile;
• kahle eziyisisekelo amakhono yokusebenza nge computer siqu;
• khombisa indima nendawo kolwazi nobuchwepheshe emphakathini wanamuhla.

Izindlela kolwazi imfundiso nobuchwepheshe

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo ekuhloleni yelwati - ulwazi kwikhompyutha, ulwazi izinqubo. Ibanga 8 esikoleni esiphakeme - yizinga kokuqala ukuthola lamakhono. Nazi amaphuzu ayinhloko indlela yokuthola ulwazi olunjalo.

1. Sebenzisa ngezigaba kolwazi nobuchwepheshe ukuze ukhethe isifundo software nobuchwepheshe izixazululo zezinkinga esizindeni esithile.
2. Thuthukisa uhlelo umzimba ukuze uxazulule izinkinga kusuka ezizindeni ezahlukahlukene.
3. Kuyadingeka ukugqamisa main amayunithi didactic ukufunda ubuchwepheshe obusha.
4. Sebenzisa ulwazi ubuchwepheshe nezinqubo ekutadisheni kwenkondlo isofthiwe olulodwa esibonakalayo. Amathuluzi ezingenziwanga esekelwe isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza (GUI esusela esiNgisini Graphic User Interface), akheke umyalo, ogxile imenyu phezulu.
5. Kungcono ngokushesha azisa abafundi nemigomo: ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi kanye nokwaziswa izinqubo, ulwazi, yazi kubo ngamathuluzi professional ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubaluleka ngokoqobo kolwazi.
6. Lapho efundisa ulwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, kuyatuseka ukusebenzisa onobuhle ulwazi.
7. Indlela eyinhloko yokufunda kufanele ifanelekile nendlela ekhethiwe imisebenzi izibonelo ezibonisa indlela esekelwe bekholelwa ubuchwepheshe interactive.

imodeli Imininingwane

imodeli Imininingwane - incazelo into noma inqubo, olukukhombayo ezinye izakhiwo zabo ejwayelekile nezici ibalulekile, ukulungela inhloso ethize. ukumodeliswa Mathematical manje yisici esibalulekile emikhakheni lehlukene umsebenzi womuntu: ukuhlela, ukubikezela, ukuphathwa, umklamo kwemishini izinhlelo. Lolu cwaningo imihlola yangempela ngosizo lezi onobuhle, ngokuvamile kudinga ukusetshenziswa izindlela yezamakhompyutha. Kulesi asetshenziswa kabanzi: imfundiso yokuziphendukela okungenzeka futhi izibalo zezibalo, ikhompyutha isayensi, izibalo yezamakhompyutha siphinde sisebenzise imininingwane. Izibonelo sekulingisa, okuhloswe ngalo ukuthola amanani ezinombolo nemingcele inqubo noma izenzakalo baningi kakhulu: kohlaziyo, yezamakhompyutha, ukulingiswa.

Izindlela ukuhlola abafundi ukuba imodeli umqondo

Okuqukethwe umugqa sekulingisa ngakujantshi izinqubo ukwaziswa okuhlobene izisekelo Yiqiniso computer science. Nokho, umuntu kufanele ungacabangi ukuthi isihloko theory kuphela ngokwemvelo futhi wahlukene nakho konke nezinye themes. Ukuhlela Information Technology - yolwazi, isipredishithi abahleli nabanye - kufanele sithathwe njengehlelo Izindlela ngokucubungula ulwazi onobuhle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho kumiswa ukuqonda abafundi 'efanele okuqukethwe isinqumo zezinkinga - ngenye yezinjongo ebalulekile izifundo computer science, okuyinto ibangelwa kancane kancane. Imodeli umqondo kuhlobene nomqondo into. Kodwa empeleni, akukho definition eqondile. Kwethulwa lo mqondo, wena umane aveze ukuthi ukuphila komuntu lizungezwe okunhlobonhlobo we Animate nemvelo ezingaphili, okungase ngokuthi into ukunakwa komuntu.

Imibono kanye nezindlela zokuhlela ehlelekile

Ukusetshenziswa amasu izinhlelo olwakhiwe yakha emakhono ekuhambisaneni zabasebenzi isiyalo ekuklanyweni algorithm, okuyinto enomthelela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga okunengqondo of kubafundi kusaqalwa ekutadisheni izisekelo algorithmic. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa abafundi ukuthi umyalelo kanye kokuthola isinqumo yenkinga ingafakwa esigabeni umyalelo ehlukene, okuyinto imiphumela oyifunayo futhi uzonikezwa njengoba inani elithile, okuyinto incike idatha input. Njengoba wonke umsebenzi kubafundi kungenziwa, kukhona isidingo ulithumele ngesimo isethi ezilinganiselwe ngaphambilini kweticondziso sokwenza izenzo ezilula, neliyoba kuholele imiphumela oyifunayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abafundi, ukuhlaziya izibonelo ezikhethiwe, wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi imbudumbudu imisebenzi incike iqoqo imisebenzi ukuthi ongenza algorithm oyiculayo.

Ukuqeqesha ulimi algorithmic

nezindaba ezibalulekile indlela yekufundzisa izinto eziyisisekelo algorithmic libhekisela ukukhetha lwezinhlelo indlela ukutadisha ezikoleni zamabanga. Ezemfundo esikolweni kufanele esekelwe ulimi eziklanyelwe. Kulokhu, hhayi kuphela kufakwe silulumagama kanye nesethi imitsetfo yeluhlelo, kodwa futhi usivulele kanjani indlela leya isitayela entsha yokucabanga. Udaba ukukhethwa ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo, kubhekwe ososayensi abaningi, anikeza izindlela ezahlukene nokuthi bayifeze kanjani indlela yokufunda inqubo ulwazi. Izibonelo izindlela computer lapho kutadishwa isihloko ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Ngesikhathi isinqumo kwezicelo kuyisayensi nakwezezimboni.
2. On izilimi mashinoorientirovannyh.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa software schema izilimi ezithile.
4. Ezemfundo ngesisekelo ukuqeqeshwa algorithm ngokukhethekile.

Prakthiza selukhombisile ukuthi ayikho amathrekhi ezintathu zokuqala ayikwazi walungisiswa ngokuya ukutadisha zemfundo informatics ndaba, ngoba bengakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga kumiswa elisekela kolwazi isiko abafundi. Ngakho-ke, ukuxazulula izinkinga lolwazi Yiqiniso kuyadingeka ukuze uhlanganise imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo ngamunye imizila ehlongozwayo.

idatha ukucubungula izindlela

lwati supply kusho ehlaziya into ulwazi ukusetshenziswa izinhlelo isicelo ukuthi ahloselwe ngokukhethekile ngoba impatho enjalo. Kungenzeka ukunikela abafundi isikimu elandelayo cwaningo:

1. Imashi ngokusebenzisa izibonelo ezithile izici imvelo ukusetshenziswa amathuba.
2. Ukuhlaziya izinto, umyalezo izinhlobo, izindlela zokubukwa, izindlela ezintsha zokulungiselela ukucutshungulwa umyalezo imiphumela.
3. Ukujwayelaniswa ne izingxenye eziyisisekelo imvelo esibonakalayo.
4. Imigomo yokusebenzisa esakhelwe usizo system.
5. Ujwayele imisebenzi eyisisekelo kanye izindlela ezisebenza medium.
6. Ucwaningo lolu hlelo ethize (wesifunda ehlukile).
7. isifinyezo echazwa main yokusebenza izindlela nemisebenzi medium.
8. nje okungaqondile theory ezingeni iziyalezo eziyisisekelo.
9. Yenza imisebenzi efana kwezinye izindawo ngenjongo ezinjalo.

ezibukwayo uhlelo izinhlelo

Ngezinye umcimbi ngamunye, amafomu nezilawuli kukhona ngandlela-thile 'ukuphendula "ngokuhambisana esilotshiwe ukuthi adalwe umsebenzisi for into ngayinye ngokwehlukana. Kule nqubo kubalulekile ukuchaza isinyathelo ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe. Omunye nemiphumela ethile engathandeki lokhu isitayela wukuthi owenza iphrojekthi nokho ukurekhoda yena. Ukuphendula izinhlelo ngamakhasimende imicimbi, kunokuba incazelo eningiliziwe isinyathelo ngasinye, umlobi kumelwe kubonise indlela uphendule imicimbi ehlukene (noma izenzo yomsebenzisi), lapho, isibonelo, zihlanganisa ukukhethwa izinkomba, chofoza inkinobho yegundane, ukuhambisa igundane, nabanye. Uhlelo omunye umcimbi anganikeza ngekuticambela, elinye - umane indiva. Lokhu kudala hhayi uhlelo enkulu, kodwa eziningana, okuyinto aqukethe iqoqo, izinqubo umsebenzisi-elawulwa kuhlobene.

Izindlela ukutadisha ezibukwayo izinhlelo imvelo

Esinye isizathu sokuba Kungasebenti kahle kwaletinye iningi abafundi babe lithathelwe aphuze umthwalo traffic. A semali impahla e izihloko ezahlukene esikoleni kuholela yokuthi nabaningi abafundi hhayi nizofunda. Ngcono kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa kukhethwa izindlela zokufunda. Enye indlela ezinjalo kusekelwe ekwakheni ekucabangeni zezingane "isibonelo," ngokwezwi into zonke isayensi. It sihlinzekela ukuqaliswa imisebenzi yengqondo ezifana search for amaphetheni, ekutholeni imizekeliso, ukucinga ubudlelwano phezulu phakathi kwezinto, qhathanisa, nokunye. D. Omunye esebenzisa kumiswa amakhono engqondo nawokuxoxa izinhlobo ezahlukene abafundi ukucabanga kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ekutadisheni izinhlelo into-ngamakhasimende. indlela enjalo yokuhlaziya isimo kusho incazelo entsha inqubo kubalwa nedatha kwezinhlangano kumemori sekhompyutha. Indlela ngamakhasimende esethula umqondo bento oqukethe "ulwazi" we okushiwo emhlabeni wangempela. Into noma usethe lezinto sibalulekile ebaluleke ukusebenza ubuciko. Ukudala into ohlelweni, umfundi kufanele ukhethe kubalulekile inkinga, ukukwazi, akwazi ukusebenzisa noma isiphi izinqubo ulwazi. Test noma ukuhlolwa okufanele iqhutshwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhono kumiswa noma umkhuba ikhono ukuqhathanisa, gqamisa main, fingqa.