Isakhiwo somuntu yi-Platonov. I-Psychology yobuntu

Ubuntu bungumqondo wezokwelapha, okufundiswa kuze kube namuhla. Umuntu ngamunye unomuntu ngamunye, onomqondo ogcwele, onamandla ezintshisekelo zakhe, ebuhlotsheni nasezikhusheni zangaphakathi, ukuthi akekho ososayensi ongahlukanisa ngokugcwele ubuntu bomuntu wonke. Kunezinhlawulo eziningi ezenza sivumele ukuthi sifunde ngezinqubo ezijwayelekile ezenzeka ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu. Kodwa lokho kuphela ...

Kodwa abanye bakwazi ukukwazi "ukulingana" nabo bonke abantu ngaphansi kohlaka oluthile lokuqonda ngezigaba zabo namacebo. Omunye wemikhawulo enjalo yezici ezithile isakhiwo sabantu ngokusho kukaPlatonov.

Izici eziyisisekelo zohlelo lwePlatonov

Ngokuba isayensi yengqondo Platonov wenza umnikelo omkhulu, recreating isithombe somuntu ngosizo ngesakhiwo sakhe. Esikhathini sesayensi yasekhaya, ngokuvamile umuntu ukhonjiswe njengeqoqo lezimfanelo zenhlalo ezihlanganisiwe ezingenalo izici eziphilayo. Lo ososayensi wathatha njengesisekelo sokudala inkolelo yakhe into eguqukayo yobuntu. Kuyini?

Ukuze uqonde isakhiwo esijwayelekile sobuntu, kunezindlela ezimbili zokubona kwayo: izibalo kanye nezishukumisayo. Okokuqala kuqukethe zonke izici zomuntu siqu umuntu ngamunye angaba nazo. Lapha ubuntu bumelelwa kuphela ngemininingwane yezibalo ngaphandle kokucabangela izici eziguqukayo ezihlukile. Isakhiwo esinamandla sobumuntu ubuntu obufanayo, kodwa ngazo zonke izinguquko ezenzeka kuyo yonke impilo. Isakhiwo sobuntu ngokusho kukaPlatonov sicabangela zonke izinguquko eziye zenzeka ngale ndaba isikhathi eside, ukuxhumana kwezici ezedlule zangasese nalabo abasanda kuvela.

Ingxenye yokuqondisa ohlelweni

Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa izici zokuziphatha zomuntu ngamunye, ezichazwe ngokuqondisa kanye nobuhlobo bendaba. Amakhono okuxhumana, ukuphuma empikiswaneni, ukuxhumana okuhle kanye nabanye kubalwa ngemfundo. Kulesi ssystem, kusho isazi sezokwelapha, sikhuluma ngezifiso, izinkolelo, izifiso, ukuthambekela, imibono kanye nemibono njengemingcele hhayi nje kuphela ezingeni lezenhlalakahle (ezitholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa), kodwa futhi nezenhlalo nezengqondo. Okusho ukuthi, imfundo, kanye nokuqonda komuntu. Zonke lezi zici ezingenhla zisebenza kumuntu ngokuhlangenwe nakho nakho konke ukuqonda. Kuvela ukuthi nabo bayimfanelo yokuqaphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhiwo ezingokwengqondo zobuntu, njengezifiso, izinkolelo, izinhloso, njalonjalo, zakhiwe kokubili ngosizo lwemithombo yangaphakathi yomuntu, futhi ngenxa yethonya lemvelo yomphakathi womuntu.

Ingxenye yalokho okwenzeka kuPlatonov

I-subsystem elandelayo, ekhuluma ngezindlela ezingokwengqondo zokuthola ulwazi, iphathwa yiPlatonov njengesici sezenhlalakahle zenhlalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ulwazi, amakhono, imikhuba namakhono zihlanganiswa njengezici zobuntu zobunjani. Isakhiwo senhlalo yobuntu bukaPlatonov siphakamisa ukuthi lezi zimingcele zibhekisela ngqo ezintweni zayo. Uchaza indlela yakhe yokufunda ukuthi ekufundeni ulwazi olutholiwe noma amakhono omuntu ajwayelekile, ajwayelekile futhi angenakutholakala. Ngakho-ke, baqala ukuhambisana nobuntu bendaba. Uma sikhuluma mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwezenhlalakahle kanye nezemvelo kulesi ssystem, ke okokuqala kuningi, ngoba ukuqeqeshwa kusekuqaleni. Futhi libhekisela ezicikweni ezingokwengqondo nokufundisa.

Ukwakhiwa kwamafomu okucatshangelwa, okuqokonyiswe isazi sengqondo

Lesi sakhiwo siqukethe ingxenye enkulu yezinto eziphilayo zobuntu. Lapha isazi sezengqondo uPlatonov sikhuluma ngezinto eziqakathekileko zokucubungula. Uthi, ukwakheka nokuthuthukiswa kobuntu akukwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezenziwa ngenkumbulo, ukucabanga, imizwa, ukuzwa, ukuqonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Platonov yasungula indlela ethile ekusebenzeni kwalezi zinqubo zengqondo. Ngokombono wakhe, amandla ezakhi zofuzo neziphilayo kulo mkhakha ubeka ukulandelana okulandelayo: imisebenzi yememori, imizwa yendaba, izinzwa, ukucabanga, ukuqonda, imizwa yobuntu kanye nentando. Izakhiwo zengqondo zobuntu, kusho usosayensi emisebenzini yakhe, bekungeke kube khona ngaphandle kwememori yezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhi zofuzo, ngakho ubeka kuqala. Kungani kunezinto eziningi eziphilayo? Ngoba izinzwa, imizwelo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zememori zitholakala kokubili kubantu nasezilwaneni. Leli phuzu lesakhiwo lihlolwe ngokuyinhloko ngabanye.

Izakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo nezomthethosisekelo ohlelweni lwePlatonov

Umsebenti kanye nentuthuko kulokhu kuhlanganiswa kunqunywa nguhulumeni kanye nezici zesimiso sezinzwa zesintu: amandla, izinqubo zokuvimbela nokuzijabulisa, kanye nesivinini. Futhi waphawula ukuthi izici zalesi sakhiwo ziyizinto eziphilayo kuphela, izimfanelo zomphakathi zomuntu lapha azisebenzi. Izici eziqukethwe lapha zingathuthukiswa ngokuqeqeshwa. Isibonelo, i-choleric ingakwazi ukuqeqesha ekunciphiseni izinga lokusabela ekukhuthazeni, ukunqoba intukuthelo yakhe. Izitimela ze-phlegmatic ukugubha imicimbi ekhanyayo usuku lonke, ukuhamba kude ne-monotony, njalonjalo. Ukutadisha kwalesi sakhiwo kwenzeka kuphela ezingeni le-psychophysiological noma le-neuropsychological.

Ngumuphi umqondo isakhiwo sobuntu esakhiwe ngokusho kukaPlatonov?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukutholakala, izinkolelo zomuntu ezingqondweni azivuki ngokwabo. Lokhu kudinga isikhathi esiningi sokuzinikela ekutadisheni isampula enkulu sabaphenduli. Bese ukhetha ukuthi yini entsha ingabonakala ngezici zobuntu nokuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani imibono evunyelwe ngokuvamile. Noma yisiphi isakhiwo, udinga isisekelo sezocwaningo kanye nokucwaninga, kanye nemigomo ethile lapho uhlelwa khona. Isakhiwo sobuntu sePlatonov senziwa futhi ngokusho kwayo:

• Isilinganiso sezenhlalakahle nezenhlalo, esitholakalayo futhi esingenasisekelo;
• Indlela izici zobuntu ezakhiweni ngabanye ezixhunyiwe futhi zivalelwe ngaphakathi;
• Yiluhlobo luni lamathuluzi lawo noma ezinye izici zomuntu (ukuqeqeshwa, imfundo, ukuzivocavoca, ukuqeqeshwa) okwakhiwa?
• Izimfanelo zezinto eziphilayo nezenhlalo zomuntu, ezakhiwe ngokomlando (inani lezici zengqondo, ubuntu njengolwazi).

Kubaluleka kokudala lesi sakhiwo

Umqondo kaPlatonov wathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yokuthi yisibonelo esihle kakhulu sendlela yokwakhiwa kwemicabango, ukutadisha nokuqonda ubuntu. Lokhu kuqonda kungenxa yokuthi isazi sezengqondo saqala ukutadisha ubuntu obushukumisayo. Lapha ungasebenzisa kokubili indlela yokufunda efundweni yezifundo, kanye nokujwayelekile, ukuhlukanisa ngokuqondile.

Isakhiwo somuntu yi-Platonov: uhlelo

Kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza ngokucacile isakhiwo sonke ohlelweni, kodwa ngokufushane kubonakala kanje:

Ngokusho komlobi we-theory, kulezi zindawo ezinikeziwe kungenzeka ukuthi zifake zonke izakhiwo zobuntu eziziwa kuze kube yimanje.