Isihloko Monarch: Prince, inkosi, umbusi, inkosi, vizier

Ubani le nkosi, okuyinto imisebenzi? Zonke uthi ngesikhathi esithile yayiwuhlobo oluthile isimiso sezombusazwe, njengoba amakhosi ohlanga. Kuyinto omunye ifomu kubonakala kakhulu ematheni uhulumeni. Amandla in the state lapho kungokwalabo le nkosi, ie umbusi ngokuphelele - kombusi, inkosi, isikhulu, inkosi noma vizier. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulona "iposi" bakhethwe. ohlanga Ukubambezeleka kusikisela, amasiko athile, ukudluliswa kwamandla. Uma le nkosi ayinakho izingane, kungaholela yezinxushunxushu zezombusazwe phakathi nezicukuthwane.

ohlanga

balandzeli baJesu beliciniso yokubusa kwamakhosi bakholelwa ukuthi amandla uNkulunkulu akunikeze kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uthola umusa kwaphezulu. Uvela ngenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi ngubani le nkosi.

• Umbusi - inhloko yezwe, njengoba sasinothando amalungelo esaphila futhi amandla.
• Ifa kwamandla - isihloko le nkosi sika - ochazwa ngumthetho.
• Monarch - iyinhloko ezazihilela isizwe noma abantu ezweni lakhe.
• Thina Monarch ukuzimela zomthetho nobuqotho.

Amafomu we monarchies bokuqala

Bokuqala, eyokuqala emlandweni wesintu - kwamakhosi lasendulo Oriental, lapho baba nendima ephawulekayo indima indlela wezinzalamizi zokuphila futhi ubunikazi yezigqila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba ibhodi bakahulumeni kwakungekaNkulunkulu ngokuphelele ukuba le nkosi. Le nhlangano is emagunyeni emazweni aseMpumalanga Lasendulo, le despotism empumalanga eyaziwa.

ohlanga Medieval noma izinduna yavela ngemva kokuwa koMbuso WamaRoma. Umphumela waba ukuzalwa imibuso, ngokuthi zobuqaba: Visigoth, Frankish, Ostrogothic,-Anglo-Saxon, nabanye. Kuzo kukhona ukuphikisana njalo, imibango phakathi akhonze futhi inkosi yawo, egqoke isihloko kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kukhona inselele njalo ilungelo sobukhosi. Uma, ngaphambi VII - VIII leminyaka, inkosi yabamisela ngokusebenzisa ukhetho, wabe ku amakhosi esikhathini esizayo, kwaqala ukuba amise umamukeli, okungukuthi, abantwana babo.

Izihloko of the Empire, Russian

ohlanga izinduna uvele ngaphambi IX - X eminyaka. Kievan Rus, kunobufakazi mlando, kukhona lolu hlobo uhulumeni. Ngalesi sikhathi-ke bakha ngabanikazi bomhlaba amakhosi asendulo. emazweni Common ethumba nabakhulu nezikhulu. Zawa phansi amandla bamazwe isikhulu ziyadingeka ukumkhokhela nezintela zemvelo. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ekuseni ohlanga amakhosi asendulo, inhloko yezwe kwaba isikhulu, wanika isihloko kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Wancika ibutho lakhe lempi - squad, bese ukuba isigungu samadoda amadala. Grand Duke ukudlala indima wazo ngoba ezinye izikhulu eziyize. Were Smolensk, Novgorod, Tver izikhulu. Kiev sobukhosi sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ophambili wathatha nezikhulu zakhe Rurik lwamakhosi, obonwa ezinye izikhulu asebekhulile ngokulandelana.

ohlanga izinduna kwadingeka izici zayo siqu esiyingqayizivele. Amandla wadluliselwa bayifa elivela ubaba endodaneni ngaphandle isenzo zomthetho - at ngokwezifiso ezingeni. Kungakhathaliseki izenzo le nkosi angawenzanga, akazange athwale noma yimuphi umthwalo zomthetho ngabo. In the state zazingekho izikhungo kwamandla, igunya, futhi isimo noMkhandlu Prince (King).

Ngo 1472, nomshana waseByzantium washada Grand UMbusi eMoscow, Ivan III, ngubani ezihlongozwayo umqondo lokuqhubeka yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Futhi 1480, lapho ubuhlobo iphelile uMbuso eMoscow kusukela amaMongol, Ivan Iii baqala ukusebenzisa isikhathi umbusi kanye umashiqela - i autocrat, okungukuthi, ukuba amandla ukuthi izimele Golden zidlamlilo. Empeleni, u-Ivan III wathi umbusi waseRussia. Kamuva amakhosi yesihlalo sobukhosi Russian bazibize amakhosi.

Inkathi sikaPeter Omkhulu

Njengoba sekunama-Peter emisha kanye nezinguquko waqala. Ngo 1721 Peter reintroduces esikhundleni isihloko "inkosi" title "umbusi", ngokwesiko European. Uba umbusi waseRussia. Futhi lisho uPeter Omkhulu kwakudingekile hhayi kuphela ngokuthi "Nkosi yami, nkosi." Russia sabizwa ngokuthi Russian Empire.

Phakathi nokubusa uPetru izihloko ezintathu izikhulu yayikhona imvelo: isikhulu, ukubala kanye baron, ezakhononda kuphela iNkosi uPhilip, nozalo kuphela umugqa besilisa. Indodakazi ngemva komshado wakhe walahlekelwa isihloko sakhe, wedlula ezizukulwaneni umyeni wakhe.

Isiqu esithi "uMbusi" phakathi mithi Russian wasebenzisa kuze 1917. Umbusi wokugcina wagudluzwa ngesiRashiya UNikolai II.

Mayelana le nkosi yakwa-Monaco

Ngokwesibonelo, umphakathi wanamuhla ngisafuna emlandweni ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi Monaco. Ohlukile ibhodi kuleli lizwe ngenxa yokuthi nge obhekwe uhlobo Grimaldi nemfundo ngo-1215, Monaco ohlanga, amakhosi akuyona akazange aguquke kulokho eminyakeni 700. Isimo endala iminyaka eminingi, kwaba phansi protectorate yeFrance, lapho basibona lesi isimo mahhala futhi ezimele. Ngo 1860 the protectorate iphelile. Ngo-1911 iNkosana Monaco ubukhulu umthethosisekelo sivunyiwe. Kuyo le nkosi agcinwayo amandla ezibanzi futhi abakhethwe ivoti Womkhandlu Kazwelonke, wabelane amandla okushaya imithetho.

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe I ukuzimela wezwe bangatshazwa, kodwa Louis II, iqembu elibusayo ngesikhathi, ukugcina amandla Rainier III umzukulu wakhe, sekuphenduke sobukhosi ngo-1949, azenzile kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa yezwe. Ukuthuthukiswa isayensi, umkhakha, ezemidlalo, isiko - yonke impumelelo yakhe. Kanye nonkosikazi wakhe, ethandwa actress American Grays uKelli, Prince kwashintsha umlando we-Monaco. Umlingani eyingoduso abahluphekile namasiko.

Umqhele Prince Albert

Ushadile Prince Rainier III futhi Grays uKelli wazala izingane ezintathu. Ngemva ngokufa okudabukisayo umkakhe 1982, Prince Rainier III uye leliya lizwe kusukela okwesibili futhi ungashadile. Ngu amaningi, uquketheni lowo isikhulu isinqumo kumele zifaka isethulo umthethosisekelo amaphuzu ubukhulu ezingaba ubukhosi kuphela izindlalifa esisemthethweni indodana yakhe. Vele, wayazi ngokwenzeka ekuphileni antule sendodana yakhe ukholo olutheni neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela oshadayo. Ngemva uyise eshona ngo-2005, liqala ukubusa, Prince Albert II (b. 1958), ingane yesibili emkhayeni. Umdala - Princess Caroline (owazalwa ngo-1957), Omncane -. Princess Stephanie (owazalwa ngo-1965).

Prince of Monaco, Prince Albert II - umhlanganyeli lokugcina Imidlalo yama-Olympic, umsubathi, mountaineer. Washada ngo-2011 kuya Sharlin Uittstok, umbhukudi, uthisha esikoleni esuka eNingizimu Afrika. Ngo-2014-ke wazalwa amawele, intombazane nomfana uGabriella Jacques. Kuzoba isikhulu lezinceku, udle ifa esihlalweni sikayise. Kuwo wonke umlando we ubukhulu uhlobo Grimaldi kukhona amawele kuqala.

Umlando akusho afihle ukuthi isikhulu Albert II ngaphambi komshado wakhe kwaba intombi yakhe, izingane ezimbili ngaphandle komshado, kodwa isimangalo eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngeke baze bakwazi ukuwenza. Monaco umthetho, uma isikhulu elibusayo cha fanele ntwana, amandla emva ukudamba wokuphila kwakhe ekugcineni wawuyoba ziye zaphumela udade umdala - Carolina. Kodwa izingane.

Lo mbuso WaseTurkey

umthetho Tough ubekade ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Iqiniso lokuthi isihloko le nkosi kwakungu Sultan, akungabazeki. Kuye abeza amandla, futhi uMbuso WaseTurkey savela. Kwakukhona ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi. A strong butho nezinye ababuthakathaka. Ngokuza amandla, uma eseyiqedile sultan nge nabasizi bakhe zalabo angasho ukuthi amandla esibanzi. Futhi abafowabo babulawa nezancinza. Bona engawayekanga ubani.

Indlela kwaba phakathi nokubusa Mehmed IV. Ngalesi sikhathi ibhodi lwavivinywa eqinile Albanian umndeni lwamakhosi - Koprulu. Mehmed Iv kubaqoqi ukulawula umbuso walo Mehmed Köprülü, okungase kwenziwe isibaluli umlaza Grand Vizier yoMbuso WaseTurkey. Ekhulwini XVII maphakathi umbuso ukuphathwa kwakungelona Palace Sultan, futhi Isigodlo Grand Vizier.

Mehmed Koprulu

Hard, umashiqela ezingxabanweni ngeke Mehmed Koprulu usule sultan imvelo yizikhulu emele usongo embusweni. Wethula ukuzithiba ebuthweni abuyiselwe oda izintuba futhi eziqhingini-Aegean Sea. Akwenzele eziningi emigqeni banqande Cossacks yoLwandle Olumnyama. Kusukela 1661 indodana eneminyaka engu-26 ubudala Mehmed Koprulu indawo uyise oshonile njengoba Grand Vizier, wabusa umbuso engu-15 elandelayo.

Dying, Koprulu abaphezulu willed Sultan engu-20 ubudala izimiso ezine uhulumeni:

• musa ukulandela iseluleko abesifazane;
• akuvumelekile ukuba yisizalwane ngicebe kakhulu;
• aye agcwalisa igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini;
• njalo the sehhashi, kufanele ugcine ibutho senzo.

Kuphela Vizier Grand ngempela yoMbuso WaseTurkey ngingalenza ngokuhlakanipha ukusiza ukuphatha kombusi isimo.