Isimiso Anthropic: kwenkululeko

Lokhu kunzima ngempela ukuqonda isimiso, ukuthi zavela ngokuyinhloko njengephuzu lokuphikisa ukuchaza ezinye ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi izenzakalo ezenzeka emhlabeni, kuhlanganise incazelo yokuthi lokuzalwa kanye nentuthuko yayo. Umbono kokuqala ukuchaza kuba Ebhala ngokugomela kokuthi izwe libonakala kithi ke nse njengoba siwubona, ngoba ke siye sekuvele futhi zikhona njengesibukeli. Kusukela umbono wesayensi yemvelo Isimiso Anthropic senzelwe ukuchaza lokho isilinganiso kufanele zibe khona phakathi kwemigomo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali eliyisisekelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvela ukuphila okuhlakaniphile.

Igama elithi "Isimiso Anthropic" yaqale esetshenziswa 1973 by physics British B. Carter. Nokho, ngemva yanyatheliswa, izazi eziningi bakutshengise ukuthi umqondo ofanayo kwezinye incazelo ezinye zavela ngaphambili. Ikakhulukazi, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuthi kwenziwa isaziso sokuthi isimiso Anthropic e Cosmology ngo-1955 e-Soviet Union engqungqutheleni yesayensi ngokufundwa kwezinkanyezi nomkhathi extragalactic. Phakathi yososayensi abenza aphakanyisiwe lo mbono, babe ososayensi Soviet G. M. Idlis, A. L. Zelmanov, American Robert Dicke.

Kodwa kwakuvame ukuba umsebenzi Carter yaba kuncike ukunakwa jikelele futhi waqala ukuqonda enemininingwane yesayensi lesi simiso futhi yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni cognition. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphakathi kwesayensi asitholanga iphuzu ezivamile ekubukeni kungenzeka yokusebenzisa imibono kwezesayensi esisebenzayo. labetibambile kuphela inkomfa e-Venice, lapho ngokokuqala ngqa ukusicabangela ezinkulu ngo-1988 kwaba isimiso Anthropic, futhi uye yabakhanga yetinhlobo letibanti letehlukene tematheksthi kakhulu izithakazelo - physics zefilosofi nezenkolo. Ngemva kwalokho, ekhuluma ngesihloko ukuthi emihlanganweni esayensi, futhi ngandlela-thile, ngisho ngesikhathi izingqungquthela ngezindaba zesayensi ewumngcingo, ingxoxo izimpikiswano ezihilelekile olondoloza isimiso Anthropic. Namuhla ukusetshenziswa kwalo enwetshiwe ngetinhlobo letibanti letehlukene kakhulu nezindaba - kusuka ezenkolo ukuze ekstrapolyarnoy Cosmology.

B. Carter, esihlokweni sakhe abadumile ezikhonjwe ezimbili ezahlukeneyo ukubonakaliswa isimiso - abanamandla nababuthaka. okufushane Esibuthakathaka Kakhudlwana izitshela ukuthi endaweni yonke kukhona constants ezithile ezingaba ukuqapha umuntu nje ngoba kukhona. Futhi okuphambene: kukhona azisafani ajwayelekile kithi, amagugu constants jikelele, lapho obuka (umuntu), kukhona akasasebenzi. Umbono enembile lasezindlini lesi simiso kwezinye ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko esashiwo ethi: ". kahle, lapho senza hhayi"

ukuqonda Namandla izinketho zokubonisa isimiso ngekucindzetelwa kulandela esiphethweni - umkhathi engase unamapharamitha ezikuvumela ukuthuthukisa intelligence.

Isimiso Anthropic e wawubonakalisa oqinile washayelwa kahle G .. Wheeler, egomela ngokuthi "izibukeli ayeyidinga ukuze athole yonke wokuba."

Umehluko emkhatsini izinguqulo abanamandla nababuthaka ukuthi eqinile ovamile ezweni kuzo zonke izigaba ukhona nababuthaka labo lapho ingqondo kungenziwa wakhulelwa ngombandela kuphela kuphela.

Inkulumo esisebenzayo isimiso Anthropic iyona kucatshangwa ukuthi ngokoqobo nemithetho yayo sibonile Akuwona kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ematfuba khona kwezinto ezingokoqobo kanye neminye imithetho. Ngaleso sikhathi, isimiso Anthropic kule incazelo sekukhona ekuvulweni geometry non-Euclidean, lapho imithetho akuzona classical. Kube yikwembulwa Anthropic kungenziwa bazitshela ezimweni esachazwa Einstein: kwesikhathi kuncike ijubane.

Physicists ezazini eziye zahlola ngokuhlanganyela okuhlukile khona esicabanga ukuthi kungaqhamuka esikhathini futhi isikhala ezinye universes ngaphakathi, wafika iziphetho ezilandelayo:

- e izinguquko njalo ezenzeka yonke, imingcele yayo nawo njalo siguqula, futhi ngaleso sizathu angaphendula kukhona inhlanganisela yalezi nemingcele, lapho ukuvela ukuphila okuhlakaniphile akunakugwenywa;

- okufanayo kungenzeka yonke olulodwa, kulezo zindawo lapho impahla yayo ozokhula endaweni isilinganiso esihle kakhulu;

- omunye Awukwazi ukuphika umbono wokuba khona uhlobo oluthile "wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zendawo yonke" ngezizathu zokuthi singazi ukuwugcina.

Ngakho, ngomzamo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa isimiso Anthropic ukunweba ensimini ka ulwazi lwesayensi, eyilethe ngale imithetho ekhona bemvelo izindlela evamile ngoba incazelo yawo.