EPeterhof, epaki engenhla: ukubaza, imithombo yamanzi, izithombe

EPeterhof - epaki enhle emithonjeni eminingi kanye eziqoshiwe, esemgwaqweni amakhilomitha 29 kusukela Petersburg, ogwini aseningizimu eGulf of Finland. Ngo nobukhulu bayo, lokhu siqiwu hhayi vuma ngisho French Versailles, ubuhle imithombo okudlula kuso.

Lesi siqiwu ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: Upper futhi Lower ePeterhof. Lesi siqiwu engenhla lincane kakhulu ephansi, kodwa hhayi zingaphansi kwakhe nobuhle okwakhe. Singasho ukuthi ngamunye wabo uhlukile futhi ezithakazelisayo ngendlela yabo. Esihlokweni sethu thina sizogxila kakhulu esikhathini Upper Park. Siza okungenani kancane ukwethula sokunethezeka, okuyinto ehlukile ePeterhof izithombe ezithunyelwe sihloko.

Umlando Ipaki Ezemfundo

Namuhla bobukhosi epaki Ensemble kuhlanganisa 4 wendlale kanokusho, 176 olungenakuqhathaniswa ubuhle imithombo. Futhi eminyakeni engu-300 edlule, kwakunoFakazi emaxhaphozini kuphela etholakala emhlabeni emzaneni. Nokho, e-1710s, uPetru mina wakhipha isimemezelo phezu ekuqaleni imisebenzi asebenzayo yezakhiwo kanye landscape. Ngenxa eziningi emibhalweni, izithombe nemidwebo ngisho weza ekunakekeleni kwethu ukuthi imiklamo ethile nemithombo, kanye nomqondo ukuhlela Ensemble ngokuvamile kanye nokuthuthukiswa amanzi ompompi eyayithengwe Umbusi ngokwakhe.

Ngu 1723, isakhiwo esikhulu esigodlweni iye ngokuphelele futhi ngokuthi "ePeterhof". Ukuvulwa epaki, kanye kwethulwa izakhiwo eziyinhloko Lomthombo - Grand Cascade - njengoba kwenzeka kulo nyaka. Igama elithi "ePeterhof" ngolimi German ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "Petrova Manor." Kusukela 1762 ukubiza ePeterhof baba futhi edolobheni bakhula emhlabeni esigodlweni, futhi wonke esigodlweni futhi epaki Ensemble, welulele emhlabeni wakhe. Grand Cascade nezinye imithombo eminingana besishumayela ukunqoba Russian eMpini Northern, futhi ngemva ukuthi kukhona uMbuso Russian. Ukwakhiwa Museum, ekuqaleni ngasebenza njengombonisi eMnyangweni yokuhlala kaKesari, baguquka emva Okthoba Revolution.

nkathi enzima

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili ukuba leli paki kwafika isikhathi amnyama, ngoba wezikhali isitha labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele ke. Nokho, ngenxa yemizamo cishe angaphezu kwawabantu abasebenzi Museum cishe 50 okufakiwe kanye izinto mayelana 8000 lwesigodlo Interiors wakwazi ukuthatha ngisho phambi kweJalimane. Kwaba Yiqiniso, kokunqoba yobuciko, kodwa, ngeshwa, izinto zilondolozwe, kuphela ingxenye yonke imicebo ePeterhof nesizotha kakhulu.

EPeterhof waqala ukuvuseleleka kuphela ngemva kwempi, futhi umsebenzi gqwa sokubuyiselwa uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngo-1945 Lower Park ePeterhof wavulwa. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva kwathiwa kabusha ezifakiwe futhi ukusungulwa ngokuphelele edumile "uSamsoni" umthombo, jet okuyinto odlula 20 amamitha eliphezulu futhi okuyinto, sibonga ubuhle bayo Amazing, sasingawohloki amaNazi, futhi kuphela ayiswa eJalimane. Ukubuyiselwa ePeterhof Palace waqala ngo-1952, futhi amahholo yakhe yokuqala avuleka engu-12. Cishe emlotheni rose ukusungulwa ePeterhof. Ukutholakala kwaba onesizotha kakhulu.

ePeterhof Palace

Elikhulu IHlalankosi liwukuphela kwesakhiwo esivelele kunazo zonke zikanokusho ePeterhof epaki. Yena umi ngokuzazisa phezu wendlale Grand okuholela endaweni epaki. Lesi sigodlo yakhiwa kuleli zinendlela yazo Petrine Baroque, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iye yaqhubeka ukuqedela ukwakhiwa e isitayela ovuthiwe Baroque. Ngaphansi esigodlweni kuyinto sivale indlela engena emgedeni zokuhlobisa.

Njengoba sekushiwo, epaki sehlukaniswe Upper namapaki Lower. Lower Ipaki itholakala endaweni ethile yase-102,5 amahektha, futhi feeds amanzi amapayipi 22-ikhilomitha. Upper Ipaki usesikhundleni endaweni ezincane, kodwa hhayi wawungaphansi Lower Park of elibizayo futhi ubunjalo nemithombo yalo kanye eziqoshiwe.

Izikhangibavakashi Upper Park

Ukukhangana main, okuyinto abadumile ePeterhof, Upper Park, kuba wesimethri ngomqondo okuyiwonawona. Emithonjeni nazo zitholakala afanako maphakathi iyona "Neptune", "Oak" futhi "Mezheumny", kokubili kuhlobisa lonke emthonjeni phambi amaphiko uhlangothi esigodlweni. "Neptune" (umthombo) - a evelele epaki, ehlotshiswe eziningi eziqoshiwe medieval esiyingqayizivele.

Enye Luhambo Upper Park - ukubaza ezine zemabula ngu-Italian Dzhovanni Bonatstsa futhi efakwe lapha ngo-1757. Lokhu "Pomona", "Zephyr", "Flora" futhi "Vertumnus". Enye engadini phezulu lihlotshiswe zom avenue oluhlaza, okuyinto ozuza umbala obomvu ngenkathi yasekwindla.

Isiphethu "Neptune"

Njengoba isakhiwo main Upper Park, lo mthombo ubukeka zikanokusho ngempela futhi bathukuthele kakhulu kunabanye. "Neptune" - umthombo, ehlotshiswe iqembu ezintathu-tiered ka ukubaza futhi ezinde ngenhla ke ngemikhumbi nkosi, ebambe esandleni sakhe Trident zinjalo. Kusukela izinhlangothi ezine zithako ezinezikhoxe ehlelwe buso izidalwa zasolwandle kuyiphi amanzi Jets hit.

Zombili izinhlangothi base ne-Neptune ehlezi okugwedla ongahambi e ezandleni Nymphs emfuleni. I isinyathelo esifanayo ehlotshiswe coral amaningi, imifanekiso kanye nezinye izingxenye phambili, kanye izibalo ithusi lazo intombazane nomfana. Neptune zisekhona emhlabeni nabagibeli e hippocampus (ulwandle ezinamaphiko amahhashi), okuyinto kubonakala ukuvikela unkulunkulu wasenganekwaneni futhi namanje kukhuthaze amahlengethwa. Kukhona amahlengethwa elisemcengezini umthombo - eziyisishiyagalombili izibalo symmetrically wahlela.

Ohlangothini lwaseningizimu Lomthombo "Neptune" kuyinto esigabeni esincane, amathe ezintathu lapho amanzi kwemali, futhi phezu okuyinto kukhona esifanekisweni Apollona Belvederskogo, wazenza ngethusi (elisetshenziswa endaweni yayo kwaba isithombe 'Winter "kusukela phambili). Futhi "Apollo" futhi "Neptune" yavela lapha hhayi kanye, kodwa kuphela 1736. Ekuqaleni, enhliziyweni umcengezi kwaba "Kufakiwe Neptunian", eyenziwe phambili, Nokho, ngemva agugile, salandelwa Ukwakheka sculptural "Neptune" (wadala ngekhulu XVII eNuremberg). Ngakho bathola ukuthi inkathi yokuqala ebaziwe senzeka e-Germany.

Umlando "Neptune"

Ukudalwa umthombo iqembu esiphawulekayo sasiwukuthi sokuthuthwa kwempahla wonke uMbuso isiJalimane, nalapho leliya lizwe elimiswe amakhulu izikhumbuzo enhle. ENuremberg futhi idala into eyingqayizivele ukuhlobisa emakethe ezisemadolobheni. Isiphethu wanquma kuhambisane Sokuthula SaseWestphalia, uqede neMpi Nantathu Engamashumi - isenzakalo esibaluleke kunazo zonke emlandweni-German. Kule ndaba, ukudalwa umsebenzi ebaziwe sezingcweti engcono ngobukhulu embusweni. Nymphs eduze Neptune komculo ngaleso sikhathi emfuleni esingalazi igama lakhe, futhi ukhonkolo - Pegnitz futhi Regnitz. On the isinyathelo namanje izifanekiselo samanje waseNuremberg, ehholo elikhulu eThekweni futhi Chancellor. Nje ukwakheka sculptural kufakwe 27 izibalo.

Nokho, ekupheleni umsebenzi kwathi esikhathini eNuremberg Pegnitz futhi Regnitz umfula akuyona amanzi anele ekuqhubeni umsebenzi omkhulukazi umthombo Ukwakheka ezinjalo. Khona-ke kwadingeka ukuba ukuqaqa futhi bathuthele okubizwa ngokuthi izikhathi zokuphela kangcono. Ngenxa yalokho, ebaziwe iminyaka 130 kuphela Ukugunda - iziphathimandla zedolobha isinqumo ukugcwala ngezindleko zayo, isabelo sezimali salo futhi wasikisela ngesikhathi indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi isiRashiya, uPawulu waya eNuremberg ngesikhathi evakashele eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ukuthenga "Neptune." UPawulu, sifuna ukubonisa ukujula the Empire isiRashiya, ngaphandle kokungabaza, bavuma lokhu hambisa ukuthenga iqembu sculptural ruble 30 000 - ngaleso sikhathi imali eningi.

Isiphethu "Mezheumny"

Ngesikhathi singena esangweni "ePeterhof" (Upper Park), eningizimu "Neptune" esiyindilinga yokubhukuda, ehlotshiswe ukubaza zethusi kadrako namahlengethwa ezine. Kusukela emlonyeni kadrako masishane wadonsa amanzi jet, amahlengethwa namanzi sokuqala. Lokhu umcengezi ekuqaleni kuholele "Andromeda", bese endaweni yayo ngoba iminyaka eminingana ungazange wavakashela omunye ebaziwe, futhi umphumela waba iqoqo zethusi sibalo kadrako ezinamaphiko. Mayelana zithako ibizwa ngokuthi "blowout" Mezheumny "(noma" phakade ").

Kodwa indaba ukubunjwa impermanence baqhubeka. Dragon lashintsha laba delfinopodobnuyu ebaziwe "sterlet", futhi ekugcineni - endishini sensimbi. dragon ibuyise ngo-1958, kodwa wayesesendaweni entsha ngokuphelele endaweni yawo. Wayesephonswa phansi udrako kanye amahlengethwa kwaphonswa kabusha kusuka lokusinda imidwebo ambalwa.

"Oak" Fountain

Isiphethu "Oak" ka ePeterhof itholakala phakathi kwenye, futhi pool isiyingi. Uyena inkanyezi enamaphoyinti ayisithupha, enisemikhawulweni okuyizinto amahlengethwa, futhi phakathi nendawo - ". Umfana imaski" le zemabula eyayibhalwe ebaziwe Ekuqaleni, futhi kwashintsha. Ngo 1734, kwaba khona phambili, "Oak", sizungezwe amahlengethwa eziyisithupha nezilo ezintathu, kodwa isuswe sebeneminyaka engu-12. Ngo 1802, le ngoma niqinisiwe Lower Park.

Nokho ngemuva emthonjeni ekuqaleni ithole igama "Oak", nakuba kungekho "Oak" lichaza ekwakheni wayengekho lapho. Okwesikhathi esithile maphakathi emthonjeni ukuthi ezibaziweyo lokhuni "Cornucopia", kodwa sesibolile futhi ekugcineni indawo "umfana nge-buso."

nezinye izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu

"EPeterhof" (Upper Park) loke nje lidume ngokuthunga amachibi yayo endala - echibini square wemba 1719 ukuhlinzeka amanzi e Lower Park. Ngo 1773, maphakathi lezi amadamu sezisungule amaqembu sculptural sizungezwe amahlengethwa ngomthofu. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, baye sesibolile futhi sithathelwe indawo evamile linesizotha Jets mpo. Kuphela 1956 echibini square ukubuyela ukubukeka wangaphambili.

Esikhathini Upper epaki ungabona futhi izithombe ze ePeterhof ezifana Italian Venus emthonjeni, okuyinto into ebaziwe sizungezwe amahlengethwa eziyisithupha. Ngemuva Lomthombo sithi Church ebonakalayo iSt Peter futhi St Paul, okuyinto ingxenye ePeterhof Palace.

epaki abadumile

Futhi lena nje lokho okuncane kukhona ukwazi mayelana ePeterhof nemithombo zawo eziyigugu kanye eziqoshiwe. Yiqiniso, kuleli paki sahlulwa kuwufanele ngokuvakashela - bayojabulela eyodwa ukhumbuleka ngempela. Futhi akuvumela ukuba ujabulele yokuthi ePeterhof idume, isithombe, okuyinto uma kungenjalo ngokugcwele, kodwa namanje adlulisele ubuhle kwepaki emhlabeni odumile.