Zil-157: Ukucaciswa nezithombe

"Zil 157" (isithombe imoto ethulwa ekhasini), iloli enamandla, okuyinto wawenziwe esikhathini zaseSoviet ifektri Likhachev, kusukela ngo-1958 kuya ku-1991. Umshini sinezici wonke-wheel drive wonke amasondo imoto, ngakhoke ukukhiqizwa serial kwakuhloswe ukuqinisekisa iloli we-Armed Forces zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Kulokhu, ethile "Zil 157" lalisetshenziswa emnothweni kazwelonke.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Ngo-1961, imodeli ilungisiwe futhi wathola Inkomba "Zil 157k." Le nguqulo entsha ye imoto yadalwa kuze 1978, bese sahamba ukukhiqizwa yayo kuya Ural Automobile Plant (UAMZ), kodwa ngaphansi kwegama "Zil 157KD". Umshini omusha lihlukile ukudluliswa odlule ethuthukisiwe, okuthembekile olulodwa disc bamba, a Axial ezinhle ngokulingene ne ngisho umthwalo nokusabalalisa telescopic ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo. Ukushayela ukusebenza imodeli Ushintshe kuyathuthuka futhi, izinga lenyuka lisuka kwabangaba amakhilomitha ngehora 60 kuya 65. Le nguqulo olusha isineminyaka isikhathi sokumazi, "Zil 157" kabani izithombe asishicilelwa kuphi, ukuthi labizwa ngokuthi iyiphi nezempi yesikhathi.

Umzimba imoto yayinomganga lokhuni embozwe longitudinal metal imiphetho okuyinto ukuvikela nemihuzuko. I amabhodi wabuthela kusuka amapuleti sokhuni, ukujiya 20 ububanzi 80 kwangu. Ukuze ukuklama amandla longitudinal transverse Amabha kwaqina zensimbi kubakaki. ibhodi Front u ukukhwezwa fixedly futhi ohlangothini futhi bakhulise yahlala, kanjalo esivulela umzimba platform. Ngakho, yokulayisha athula ezempi kanye nanobe ngabe nguyiphi imphahla eyenziwa kalula futhi ngokushesha.

Kusukela impi emnothweni kazwelonke

Car "Zil 157KD" yadalwa kuze 1991, kanti ukusebenza imoto ayikashintshi, zonke nemingcele lobuchwepheshe ngokugcwele nezidingo ukusebenza. Futhi njengoba ibutho liqala ukukhiqizwa wonke amasondo imoto ngo-1966 ngesikhathi isitshalo Likhachev "Zil 131", izimpahla "Zil 157KD" e-Armed Forces of the USSR kancane kumisiwe. Umshini uya lisetshenziswe ubunjiniyela, emapulazini collective kanye nesimo namahlathi. Esinokwethenjelwa, linesizotha sezwe imoto isibe buyindlela esisemqoka emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Model "Zil 157B" ugandaganda ngaphandle komzimba, kwaba zokuthutha elula ikakhulukazi egawula. traction Inamandla ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa umshini ukuthuthwa izingodo eside.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Amapharamitha yezingxenye esemqoka kanye nasemihlanganweni emikhulu, "Zil 157" iyahlangabezana nezidingo esiphezulu isikhathi. Njengoba umshini Yenziwa for the Army Soviet, ekukhiqizeni yayo engawayekanga izimali. Ngakho, "Zil 157", izimfanelo okuyinto akudingeki ukuba ngcono, eqoqwe ibhande elihambayo ecaleni zakudala, iminyaka ngaphandle kokushintsha ubuchwepheshe.

Le moto ifakwe i injini umthamo isilinganiso kanye ne-transmission nge emihlanu drive imiphini, enye yazo lebhokisi izabelo iyunithi nge-gearbox Ukujikeleza amabili ngilambatha of phambili ama-ekseli amasondo phakathi. I lesine nelesihlanu cardan kushaft uxhuma kwebhuloho phakathi kuya ezingemuva, ngokusebenzisa eliphakathi nendawo eziveza inhlangano.

ibhasi

Amasondo "Zil 157" waba ezijulile yimpandla ohlangothini, cishe ekuqedeni slippage. Ngokokuqala ngqá e-domestic embonini yezimoto kuleli iloli eyayibekwe lokuvula uhlelo lokulawula enomoya owanele. Punctures kanye izimbobo ezincane amasondo musa kuthinte ukusebenza kwe-mshini, lo compressor ngokuzenzakalelayo akhishwa lemali edingekayo emoyeni isinxephezelo yokuntuleka ingcindezi. Kusukela esihlalweni somshayeli Ingahlanganisa uzotshala indlela.

Amathayi "Zil 157", phakathi kwabanye, yayiklanyelwe ukunyakaza ku iqhwa intombi noma izindawo izimbuku. Ngenxa yale njongo-ke kwakudingekile ukuba kuncishiswe ingcindezi ukuze 0.7 eziphindwe. Amasondo ixazululwe, ebusweni babo baba ebanzi. Ngemva kokudlulisa ingxenye esiyinhlanganisela, isondo futhi akhishwa up ingcindezi ejwayelekile 2.8 eziphindwe.

Ukupholisa uhlelo

Emqulwini block "Zil 157" ne "jacket" uhlobo avaliwe. Ngu afundwa kokupholisayo iluphu. Irediyetha laliyisakhiwo ijabulise, efakwe amakhethini mpo. isondo fan Six-bladed inikeza Ukupholisa ezengeziwe.

Ngu nemibi ezakhayo ukupholisa uhlelo "Zil 157" akunakubangelwa nozwela injini lokushisa ongaphakeme. Ngezinye lokususa 10 degrees wawudinga ukuba asebenzise i esikhethekile nangokuvikela shrouds ngoba injini gumbi, kusukela uhlelo ukupholisa ayisekeli lokushisa oyifunayo. Ngenxa yalokho, lo thermostat seluphothuliwe, kodwa housings Namanje kufakwe umshini emaphaketheni.

Engine "Zil 157"

• isilinda umthamo - 5559 cm / 3;
• uhlobo - uphethiloli, carburetor;
• amandla esiphezulu - 109 hp.
• inani amasilinda - 6, okusemgqeni ilungiselelo;
• isilinda ubukhulu - 101,6 mm;
• zlib isilinganiso - 6.2;
• ukupholisa - emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni;
• impahla - yensimbi isilinda block, isilinda ikhanda aluminium;
• ezine - ukusebenza;
• oda 1-5-3-6-2-4 amasilinda;
• fuel A-66, A-72.

ukudluliswa

ukudluliswa Manual, a-step ezinhlanu:

• Model 151;
• ukushintshela - isigwedlo phansi.

okungu Gear:

• igiya yesihlanu (ngqo) - 0,81;
• igiya lesine - 1.00;
• igiya yesithathu - 1,89;
• igiya yesibili - 3,32;
• ukudluliswa lokuqala - 6.24;
• Reverse - 6,70.

Ukusabalalisa ibhokisi, ezimbili isigaba:

okungu Gear:

• ukudluliswa lokuqala - 2,44;
• igiya yesibili - 1.24;
• main ukudluliswa drive enama-asi - olulodwa, 6,67.

Ubukhulu nesisindo izici

• isisindo ingqikithi kuyinto 10.190 kg;
• obuphelele 6684 mm;
• ukuphakama: egcwele, ne isisitho selanga endlini 2915 mm, ngaphandle isisitho selanga 2360 mm;
• 2315 mm ububanzi;
• phambi ithrekhi 1755 mm;
• ithrekhi ezingemuva 1750 mm;
• isizinda isondo 3 665 + 1 120 mm;
• phansi imvume (imvume) - 310 mm.

ukulungiswa

Phakathi ukukhiqizwa "Zil 157" sidalwe izinguqulo nanye esiyisisekelo, wenza umsebenzi othile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona injongo izimoto ezikhethekile:

• umlilo iloli nge ithangi lamanzi ephethe namandla amathani 4.5, isitebhisi extendable kanye gumbi double kubasebenzi;
• imoto nge eziphuthumayo Generating setha ugesi okwesikhashana uyeke nginomdlandla izinto.
• imodeli ne kwagcizelela phambi bumper ngoba yokudonsa ngokududula;
• izinqola ifakwe indophi, eyenzelwe wasiphula bagibele sondo ithrekhi izimoto;
• imodeli oluyisisekelo "Zil 157", edition 1958;
• ugandaganda "157B";
• imodeli base kusukela ngo-1961, "157k";
• ugandaganda ngo-1961, "157KV";
• imodeli isizinda nge 1978 "157KD";
• ugandaganda ngo-1978, "157KDV";
• okufushane Tropical nge sithuthukiswe Ukupholisa uhlelo kanye kurediyetha ozungezayo, "157YU";
• imodeli ukuthekelisa "157E";
• imodeli ne imishini evikelwe, wamvikela - "157G";
• imodeli nge kwakuvikela imishini evikelwe kusukela 1961 - "157KG";
• imodeli ezikhethekile ezimbili fuel amathangi, umthamo isamba 300 amalitha - "Zil 157E".

Ubude 797 934 izimoto zavezwa kuzo zonke ukulungiswa, "inkosi yakwa-off-road", njengoba "Zil 157" akhuluma ngalo u-abantu.

Injini entsha

Imodeli base 1978 "157KD" kwaba ifakwe injini, imoto nge elinobunye "Zil 130". zlib isilinganiso Kwandiswa kusuka 6.2 kuya 6.5. Piston iqembu - isilinda liner, pistons, setha kokucindezelwa izindandatho, iminwe, yokuxhuma induku waboleka ngokuphelele kusukela injini "130". Lubrication uhlelo zashintsha isigubhukane amafutha manje bahlanza e isihlungi centrifugal.

amandla futha amanzi kakhulu anda, ukukhwezwa alternator ngokuyinhloko entsha, compact, esebenza kahle iyunithi. ukuziqalela avamile sithathelwe indawo vysokooborotisty, anda ngamandla. timer Jwayelekile wakhala uthintane futhi Transistor ukuthungela uhlelo. Injini olusha sifakwe "Zil 157KD" egatsheni Ural we Zil.

"Zil 157" udizili

Isikhathi ukukhiqizwa wonke amasondo imoto, izitshalo amandla udizili, angathathwa ekhiqizwa ngezinga ezimbonini wayengekho. Ngakho-ke, e-USSR, wonke amaloli ayenendawo kuphela ngophethiloli izinjini. Nokho, "Zil 157" kungaba isimiso isethwe D245-12S udizili brand, akadingi ukuba ushintshe noma yini, wonke obandayo motor docking futhi predach ibhokisi kungenziwa ingashintshwa kalula. Kuyinto kudingekile kuphela ukusika njalo bakhulise ukwesekwa kubakaki futhi weld kusukela "Zil 130" noma "131 Zil '. Nokho, uma ufaka injini diesel kufanele lilungele eziphathekayo shaking wonke umshini iyona lokususa kuphela yesikhathi sesimanje ezinjalo.

amabhuloho

Car "Zil 157" kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuguqulwa ifakwe ezintathu okufanayo uhlobo ukugijima igiya. Lokhu kwamaplanethi, amabhuloho semiaxial, nge nomehluko. Gear ratios amagiya ezifanayo ngoba bonke imishayo ezintathu. kubakaki obandayo zenzelwe okweqanda leaf iziphethu, nakuba ukumiswa kungaba pendulum nge ikhoyili iziphethu nezintwa wokubacindezela ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo.

izimo zokusebenza Kunalokho ezinzima, "Zil 157" amabhuloho lapho uhlangabezana babekezelela, ophoqelelwe Abaklami nifune amakhambi povyshayushie okuthembekile imoto ukumiswa. uhlelo lakhiwe ngokwanele elula futhi enokwethenjelwa, okubandakanya ukufakwa wokubacindezela ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo.

Zonke nengxenye yomugqa imoto zihlangene nge sensimbi izigubhu, ukuthi ayingxenye "157" impela unyathela amabhuleki uhlelo. Blocks of jikelele impahla "feredo" wasebenza lemukelekako. Imoto cishe ibashiye yimpandla izimpawu endleleni, stop kwaba bushelelezi futhi ngaphandle jerks, ezivame ephelezelwa okusithiyayo of namaloli.

imoto

Naphezu inkimbinkimbi ukwakhiwa nokuphila isikhathi eside, "inkosi yakwa-off-road" ngezinye izikhathi amakhefu. Nokho, abanikazi zamanje ungakhathazeki amasondo imoto izingxenye ezisele "Zil 157" isendalini eliningi eyanele. Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet, ngokulinganisa ekukhiqizeni izimoto, ikakhulukazi amaloli, izimboni ukusebenza ukwenziwa ukulungisa kits. Futhi, njengoba umthetho, izingxenye ezisele ngobuningi esingeqile kude funa. Lawa kwakungamadodana izindleko emnothweni kuhlelwe, kodwa sibonga kubo ukuthi namuhla ungakwazi ukuthenga cishe konke okudingayo ukuze ukulungisa imoto.