Isixazululo of somlilo ebeka isitini: yezingxenye, ngezabelo, ukulungiselela

Kahle ukulungiselela isixazululo wokwakha kuhhavini ezenziwe ngezitini - lokhu ingenye izimo ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakhiwa yimpumelelo ngempela isakhiwo. Abantu abaningi kaningi bamshaya indiva ngokwanele ukuba leli phuzu, ngenxa eside ukuma kuhhavini zabo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Yingakho kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe indlela wenza kahle isixazululo wokwakha kuhhavini ezenziwe ngezitini, futhi okumelwe icatshangelwe ukuze isitofu kwaba okunokwethenjelwa ngempela futhi luhlala isikhathi eside.

Kuyoba?

Phakathi kubekwa amaziko edingekayo ngokuvamile mayelana ezintathu amabhakede solution ngayinye izitini, anamakhulu mane. Ezimweni eziningi, i solution usizo wokwakha izitini kwesithando has a Ukwakheka iyunifomu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kufanele ukumelana okushisa afinyelela ku-1000 ^{° C} ngaphandle ukusonteka. Izisebenzi ezisebenza isikhathi eside kulo mkhakha, ikhwalithi kobumba ukuba ekhiqizwa azinalo ikhambi nobunzima kunqunywa touch, futhi ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe emalungeni enziwe ukushuba-4 mm. Uma senza mkhulu ezinkulu, ikhambi wokwakha izitini kwesithando ngeke bakwazi ukumelana amazinga aphakeme okushisa uzowa, okuphumela ekwakhiweni ukuqhekeka okuyinto ziwohloka wagxila nokukhuphula petrol. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, asikwazi ukuthi lezi zinkinga kuyogcina kubangele ingozi ka ukukhululwa kwe-carbon monoxide ku egumbini lokuphumula, okungase kuvuse nemiphumela ebuhlungu kakhulu.

Yini okufanele mina cabanga?

Omunye wemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu isitofu-nomenzi wawo okulandelayo: ubumba kancane isetshenziswa wokwakha, ayanda kuyoba izinga layo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubumba kukodwa zokwakha ezinhle, njengoba kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ngisho labo nabantu abangasithandi wahlanganyela izinto ezinjalo efanele futhi isimiso akanayo emakhono langiwo. Kuleso simo, uma wokwakha wenziwa ngekhambi kasimende, kuleso simo ke ngeke ahlukanisa ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa sina, ngakho indlela yokwenza udaka bricklaying umuntu akufanele ngokomsebenzi engiwenzayo kusenzima, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukwakha kahle zonke. isixazululo Clay futhi likuvumela, uma kunesidingo, ukuqaqa kalula esithandweni somlilo ngaphandle udoti. Ngo inqubo ukulungiswa esobala kanye nezinye izinto ezifana ekwakheni, esetshenziselwa laying isixazululo ubumba, njalo ebusa.

Ingabe ngidinga amaphilisi?

Kukholakala ukuthi kungenzeka ukwandisa amandla yesixazululo esetshenziswa, uma ukusetshenziswa amaphilisi ezikhethekile, kodwa eqinisweni akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi iminyaka engu-100 nje edlule, akukho izithasiselo ezifana azisetshenziswa, kodwa isithando, eyayisekelwe ngokunembile ngekhambi ubumba, wakhonza ngokwethembeka abantu iminyaka eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu, njengoba ukulungiselela isixazululo ebeka isitini ngebumba - akuyona umsebenzi onzima kangaka, ngisho noma isidingo sokwenza konke esingakwenza ukuze kahle nangempumelelo. Kuleso simo, nangabe ukghonile ukulungiselela kahle zonke izithako ngokwenza isixazululo ubumba awudingi yimuphi izithasiselo, kanye nezincomo ahlukahlukene kuleli cala ilula ukuphepha net.

kufanele kube kanjani?

Ukwakha kuhhavini okunokwethenjelwa ngempela wenza ngezitini, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa plastic kakhulu, kodwa okuhamba phambili kwe-ngokuthi "amanoni" isixazululo. Kuleso simo, uma kuyingozi overdo ngayo ngokuthi "amanoni" yesixazululo emva omiswe kokugcina ngokwanele kakhulu kwehliswa volume noma lungaqhekeza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "mafutha" isixazululo ngeke sifinyelele amandla oyifunayo, lapho design kungathembeki kakhulu.

Clay womshini ikhambi kuhluke ngu plasticity namafutha, kuyafaneleka yokuthi kukhona ezifakwa ngobumba, ingxube eyenziwe lokucuketfwe fat evamile ngisho nalapho engekho isihlabathi. Sivame uhlanganise ngesikhathi esifanayo izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu ubumba, okuyinto ithathwe izindawo ezahlukene, kodwa kulokhu kwanele ligcine umthamo esiqinile.

Kanjani ukuxuba?

Ekuqaleni, ukuxutshwa isixazululo wokwakha izitini somlilo kwenziwe isimo ezomile, kodwa ke amvalele ingxube okuholela ngamanzi. Uma ubumba kungaba oily ezingaphezu kuka kuhlelwe, e isixazululo okwengeziwe ukungezwa ngokufaka isihlabathi imali komunye nengxenye ukuze izingxenye ezinhlanu kuya ngevolumu. Isilinganiso ezivame kakhulu isihlabathi nobumba kuya kakade walungisa isixazululo isilinganiso 1: 1 noma 2: 1. Amanzi sengezwe cishe ikota yebahlali isamba nobumba.

Kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ukwelapha ubumba okunamafutha udinga ukusebenzisa imali enkulu isihlabathi, futhi kumelwe sibe okuncane kakhulu, ngokungabi bikho engahluziwe. Ekuqaleni, esihlabathini is sifted ngokucophelela ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungo esihle, futhi kusukela udaka mafutha kakhulu ukususa zonke isihlabathi ngokweqile.

Indlela hlola izinga?

Ziningi kakhulu ngezindlela eziningi ukuthi ukuhlola ikhwalithi ubumba. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ezimweni eziningi, ochwepheshe ukuhweba oyithandayo bayakwazi ukunquma izinga umane ngokuthinta udaka lobumba ngoba wokwakha emva ukupheka.

Ukuze abantu abangafuni ngokukhethekile kule ndawo, indlela elula is ukubumba ibhola enziwe isixazululo kanye roll yayo phansi. Kuleso simo, uma ibhola sikhuntile ngokuphelele, kubonisa ukuthi ikhambi lelungiselelwe iqukethe isihlabathi kakhulu, kanye kumiswa wathi inani elikhulu imifantu. Phakathi isixazululo evamile eqolo noma oily etholwe ibhola akumelwe kube noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka.

Futhi, lapho nezinye izindlela ezintathu ukunquma izinga kukhona wokwakha nodaka.

lokuqala

Thatha mayelana 0.5 l ngobumba, ngemva kwalokho-ke yengezwe ngo esincane amanzi nezandla wayixova kahle kuze kufike leso sikhathi kuze kube yilapho yonke yamanzi it is hhayi ohlezi ngokugcwele, futhi ngokwalo ngeke unamathele ezandleni. Ngemuva ukupheka, abilayo ibhola inhlama iphuma, ububanzi lovela 40 kuya 50 mm, bese ibhola efanayo esetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhekhe, okuyinto ububanzi 100 mm. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, umkhiqizo womile izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ikhekhe le nkathi kwamiswa noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka, lithi ubumba okunamafutha kakhulu, futhi kuyodingeka kukho esihlabathini. Nalapha futhi, uma imifantu bengekho nhlobo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngisho nangemva ewa ukuphakama imitha elilodwa bead akusho iba yingxenye yomhlabathi, ubumba kufanelekile ukwenza izinga isixazululo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngempela ngobumba isihlabathi.

Sandy zobumba, futhi, ngeke inqamuke, kodwa kumelwe siqonde ukuthi ulula, ukuze kuyodingeka kukho imali ngokwanele ezinkulu ngobumba amafutha, futhi ngenxa yalokho ungathola ukugeleza isixazululo ngaphezulu 1 M3 ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe. ubumba Sheer noma isihlabathi yengezwe ngo maqembu eziningana, ngemva ngamunye lapho izinga Hlola kabusha kukhiqizwa isixazululo.

yesibili

Clay wafaka ezinye izitsha, futhi ugcwele amanzi, ngemva kwalokho ukuvumelana okuholela is wayixova futhi zixutshwe izigaxa Veselka. Kuleso simo, uma ubumba namandla ngokwanele ukuba bunamathele Veselka noma kungakhulunywa nhlobo umboza yakhe, kubonisa lokucuketfwe fat ngokweqile yesixazululo okuholela, lapho-ke kuyodingeka wengeze ethile isihlabathi. Uma, ngemva ibangele at Veselka kukhona Clumps olulodwa kuphela, kusho ukuthi ubumba evamile, futhi ungase wenziwe ngezingxenyana nosimende esithandweni wokwakha ngisho nalapho engekho isihlabathi. Ngu ungqimba elincanyana is too mncane kunqunywa udaka, kuleli cala, ukuze ahlinzeke evamile ukugeleza futhi isixazululo izici I-bamba, kubalulekile ukuba kukho ethile ubumba amafutha.

wesithathu

Le ndlela iyona olunembile kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukunquma nqampuna umhlabeleli ubumba adingekayo yokukhiqiza izitini. Cishe 0.5 amalitha Ubumba wayixova ukuze kwabantu isimo inhlama ngokuqinile ke wayixova ngokucophelela izandla zakhe ngendlela efanayo indlela yokuqala. Khona-ke asuka kulesi ibhola inhlama iphuma, okuyinto ahlelwe phakathi kwamapulangwe ezimbili planed, futhi phezulu icindezelwa ngobumnene, kancane kancane ukugxisha le bead okuholela. Kokucindezela iyaphindwa nje isibani ngeke inqamuke. Degree okuqukethwe amafutha kuleli cala kunqunywa kuye ngokuthi kungakanani isibani isicaba futhi lapho uhlamvu uzobe ufa kwakhiwa.

Uma ibhola senziwa ngobumba sasivumela mafutha ke esimweni esinjalo, ngisho noma chofoza kokuqala kuso, uwela ngokuphelele ngaphandle zibe izicucu. Ibhola udaka okunamafutha qhahaza ngaphansi kokucindezelwa cishe ingxenye yesine noma yesihlanu. Uma ibhola onomfutho ukuze one-third of ububanzi, futhi ngaleso sikhathi amakhefu, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ubumba kuvamile futhi Akudingi izithasiselo. ubumba oily kungaba igoqe nengxenye ukushuba yayo yasekuqaleni.

Inketho okunye

Kusukela test efanayo ukuthi ibhola, izandla kungaba unroll flagella, okuyinto ukujiya kuyinto 10-15 mm, ubude - 200 mm. Flagella insaliwe simise sazungeza lo izikhonkwane kweqa noma sisalokhu.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi lo msila edonswa ngokushelela, ubumba okunamafutha, futhi ingxenye ikhambi wokwakha uzodinga ukungeza isihlabathi. Uma usebenzisa evamile msila ubumba uzophinde ukudonselwa ngokushelela waqhumuka kuphela uma Uhlonze lwalo usendaweni of ukudabuka ingaphansi ukujiya kokuqala lo msila mayelana 15-20%, kanti uma eguqa ukuqhekeka okuncane ukuvela. Kusukela mafutha ubumba msila kakhulu hhayi welulela, inikeza igebe ngokwanele engalingani, nalapho izimisele khona inani elikhulu unokungaxhumani nokusasamba.

Yini okufanele mina cabanga?

izindlela Test kwasani ibhola izikhathi eziningana ukunquma ubumba evamile, okuyinto kuhle uyakufanelekela ukuba ukukhiqizwa kwe izitini ezonyiswa ilanga, kanye ngokuba wokwakha of amaziko isixazululo.

Kaningi lapho isivivinyo uzodinga uhlanganise izinhlobo eziningi ubumba ukwenza isixazululo esiphelele wokwakha, ogama ngezabelo oyosisiza izidingo eceliwe. Futhi uzodinga ukwengeza noma ususe isihlabathi uma kunesidingo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela uyokwazi ukukhetha isilinganiso elilungile kakhulu izinto futhi wenze ngempela isixazululo eliphezulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ngeziphambeko kuvumelekile?

Ngisho noma iphutha elikhona, kungcono ukwenza iphutha ohlangothini okuqukethwe amafutha, njengoba izindleko zokuhlinzwa kwakho kwesithando cishe ezingabonakali. Endabeni ikhambi kuyoba inqwaba kakhulu isihlabathi, kungaba kakhulu kulwenze buthaka jikelele ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe. Uma isixazululo kakhulu amafutha usimende anganika imifantu sina, kodwa ungakwazi ukuqeda nabo, besebenzisa grout nge okuningi yesihlabathi ngomcako e izindlela eziningana.

Emva ukukhetha sokugcina kumane ukulungiselela isixazululo oyifunayo.

Indlela ukulungiselela isixazululo?

Ekuqaleni, ubumba ugcwala ebhokisini elikhulu noma yezilwane, bese amabhuzu enjoloba wanyathelwa eside kangaka zize zonke ochotshoziwe izigaxa nobumba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba aphule kulona usebenzisa kokuphazamisa ozinikele. Ukulandela lezi izinqubo uzodinga kahle ukuhlola isixazululo okhishwe akuqede ngokuphelele izigaxa ngobumba. Kuleso simo, uma ikhambi ngesikhathi esifanayo kahle futhi ubumba efanayo futhi isihlabathi kukhona ngezabelo ezifanele, kuyoba kuhle ukuba ehamba kusuka trowel steel noma lokwela, ukuthi akuyona ukuba banamathele ngokuphepha.

Uma isicelo phezu kwezitini ngisho ungqimba ikhambi elinjalo, bese ukubeka kuso futhi ngokubulala yesibili, bese imizuzu emihlanu ukukhulisa elingenhla, ephansi izinga elikhulu akumelwe rip isixazululo. Futhi ngesikhathi ukwehlisa induku ikhambi evamile (namafosholo isb, kungase Isiqu), ukulawula kumelwe sihlale trace abangelutho.