Izakhamuzi echibini. Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene Lakes

Lake ubhekwa egcina amanzi, kwakheka okuyinto ezweni ikhefu zemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba indishi avaliwe. Lokhu kumiswa zemvelo siqukethe le embhedeni, okuyinto ugcwele amanzi kuze kube imiphetho zabo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene amachibi. Ukwabela amachibi zomhlaba nemifula, futhi iqhwa ugu, kanye wentaba yokufakelwa, entabeni futhi ukwehluleka ukwenza. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa libhekisela imvelaphi yabo.

Izici amachibi

Ngokungafani emifuleni imizimba natural yamanzi akuzona Amathrendi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abazi ihlobana izilwandle. Esinye isici esiwuphawu kuyinto usawoti zabo ezahlukene. Ngakho, echibini ejulile kuyinto iChibi iBaikal. Kulokhu, kuba ngokuphelele insipid. Amazing kumiswa yemvelo iCaspian (bheka isithombe) Lake. Ngokusho ukubunjwa amanzi alo usawoti efana olwandle. Ngaphambili, kwaba yoLwandle iCaspian. Manje leli chibi. Izinguquko ngemva kokushona uxhumano olwandle.

Iqembu amanzi ibhalansi kwechibi bese ihlangana ukuma, kunomsoco eziqukethwe amanzi izinto zalo, kanye nengoma yabo.

Ikakhulukazi eziningi. Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene phansi echibini nesimo sendawo, kanye ezihlukahlukene osayizi nomumo. Abenzi kuphela ukuthola amanzi emvula. Okondliwa nemifula ngomshoshaphansi.

Map eRussia amachibi angaphezu kuka abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amabili. Phakathi kwazo kunane-esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - i iCaspian. ERussia kukhona ichibi ejulile - iChibi iBaikal, kanye elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu - Onega futhi Ladoga.

izindawo

Izimila nezilwane kwechibi inezidingo uhlamvu yayo ekhethekile. Ngokuyinhloko, amachibi zemvelo kuhlala inqwaba abameleli angenasawoti zilwane, kanye saltwater ambalwa.

labantu Organic Lake siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. plankton. Kuyinto iqoqo eziphilayo ezincane zazo zibukele adluliselwe ngamanzi.
2. Bentos. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa eziphilayo kabani olwenzeka endaweni kuwukuphela kwesizathu noma phansi echibini.
3. Nekton. I eziphilayo kufakwe leli qembu ukukhuthalele ezihambayo izilwane zasemanzini.

Izakhamuzi kwechibi, njengoba umthetho, zitholakala ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala - the Littoral. Lena indawo ukuthi ihlanganisa ngokuphelele ogwini. Okwesibili - profundal. Le ndawo ezijulile echibini, okubandakanya ezansi futhi eseduze ungqimba aqueous. Izoni yesithathu izinhlanzi. Ihlanganisa lonke mass amanzi.

Flora

Lakes ezahlukene zonal ilungiselelo amahlozi amanzi nezitshalo ugu. Ubunjalo izinguquko flora nge ukujula okwandisa. Ngakho, ezonini engajulile ubuswa sedge ukhula. Basuke etholakala -akunamitha ezijulile kweyodwa kusukela onqenqemeni kwamanzi. Lapha likhula ikhanda lomcibisholo futhi odlula, amanzi nokunye okufana nokolweni, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ixhaphozi.

Njengoba kwanda amamitha angu ezimbili noma ezintathu ukujula iqala imihlanga zone. Kule ndawo ikhula amanzi horsetail, umhlanga, kanye namanye izinhlobo zezitshalo.

Deeper namanje izitshalo endaweni namahlamvu ezintantayo. Lapha kukhona amanzi lily (amanzi lily), pondweed elintantayo, kanye capsule. Ngezinye amamitha angu emine kuya kwemihlanu ukujula kuyinto endaweni kwamanzi izitshalo. Lezi zihlanganisa ezhegolovka futhi Urrutia, kanye pondweed ezibanzi enezicabha.

Yini izinhlanzi eziphila kuleli chibi?

Nezilwane kuba emizimbeni zahlukahlukene kakhulu amanzi. Leli chibi ingatholakala cishe zonke izinhlobo ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti. Iningi uhlala khona unaphakade.

Yini izinhlanzi eziphila kuleli chibi? Esikhathini indawo Littoral kukhona lifiphele futhi Pike, perch futhi bullhead. Kukhona izinhlanzi ukuthi uthanda ukuhlala at ukujula. Lezi zihlanganisa burbot futhi whitefish. Kuyinto abakhileyo amachibi isiRashiya, abahlala embusweni izinhlanzi. Ezinye izinhlanzi uthuthe njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-carp ehlobo ukuthola ukudla nezindawo zokukhosela e-amanzi zone Littoral. Ebusika ozakwehlela izingqimba phakathi echibini. Basuke kulandele eziyingozi.

Kwehlukanisa ngemacembu Lakers

Delimit amadamu nezilwane ukunikezela indlela. Izakhamuzi echibini, zikhetha ukudla plankton - ke aphele futhi whitefish, aphele futhi whitefish. Ingxenye izinhlanzi ezinjalo akunakubangelwa roach futhi ide kanye bream, Pike-perch futhi perch (abanye baphendukela ku izilwane ezidla ezinye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi). Izakhamuzi echibini nge okuphakelayo ngezansi - lokhu chub futhi carp, carp crucian, bream nabanye. Air nokudla ugu uthanda lifiphele futhi trout, roach futhi ide. Lezi zinhlanzi wabanjwa izinambuzane ezindizayo noma kukhasa kwamanzi onqenqemeni kwamanzi.

Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene Lakes Ladoga futhi Onega

emhlabeni ocebile futhi ezihlukahlukene engokwemvelo namachibi ngobukhulu yaseYurophu. Bathola ikhulu namashumi amabili zezitshalo yasemanzini. Ibanga ogwini lwasenyakatho-imihlanga. Common emanzini namachibi ulwelwe oluluhlaza. Kulokhu, lapho kukhona kwezinhlobo ayisikhombisa nesithupha. Ubuningi nezilwanyana ezincane (bafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingamakhulu amathathu ngalinye isentimitha cubic) emachibini ivumela self-yokuhlanza amanzi.
Rich kulezi imizimba amanzi nezwe emanzini angenawo usawoti. Lapha ungathola ama-salmon nama Ladoga Slingshot, roach futhi trout, eyikati futhi aphele, Rudd kanye roach, Pike kanye burbot, nabanye abaningi.

iBaikal

cishe akahlukile ukuthi esibonakala ngokuba ubukhulu encane amanzi ahlanzekile emachibini ezinkulu futhi amatheku engajulile ka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Udaka Lodge clams kanye iminenke. Zogqinsi amanzi yokuzingela Pike futhi carp frolic. Nokho, ezindaweni lapho amanzi has a babebaningi kakhulu, izimo ukushintsha kakhulu. Yingakho kwezinye izindawo phansi echibini okusezinhliziyweni ibanga amakhilomitha ebusweni nengxenye yamanzi ubuso bayo. Echibini ngokujulile ezifana inezidingo eziphilayo yayo begazi. Umphakathi izidalwa eziphilayo, okuyinto esikhathini esidlule esezikhona lo mbuso angawodwa amanzi kusukela ngaphandle ungatholi umthamo wemvula. isilwane abajikelezayo Ungathola echibini kuphela ngokumelene wamanje okuyinto agelezela umfula. Futhi bambalwa abantu ngaphansi amandla.

iBaikal abakhileyo

Leli chibi ejulile emhlabeni iyikhaya zinhlobo anamakhulu mahlanu zezitshalo eziyinkulungwane nekhulu ezimbili - izilwane. Futhi cishe ayisishiyagalombili amaphesenti kubo kungatholakala kuphela emanzini iBaikal. Phakathi kwabo, izimpethu elikhulu eliyisicaba, nge umbala obomvu kanye orange, ababethi imivimbo kanye flecks. Sitholakala echibini nenhlanzi, elikwaziyo bukhoma ku ikhilomitha ukujula ne-shellfish amagobolondo kokuba mncane kakhulu ngenxa yokungabi bikho-calcium nosawoti emanzini.
IChibi iBaikal iyikhaya angenasawoti uphawu. Lena esincelisayo ehlukile ungathi Arctic uphawu ringed.

On iBaikal labantu amanzi angenasawoti ziqasha amashumi ezinkulungwane abantu. Engxenyeni schenitsya isilwane ebusika yesibili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo iletha elilodwa noma amabili amawundlu. IBaikal uphawu kuyinto diver kakhulu ukwazi kufike amamitha angu angamakhulu amabili ukujula, nihlale khona, kuze kuphele imizuzu engu amabili.

izilwane ezincane

IBaikal kuhlala elula eziphilayo owumphumela. ukudla yabo amabhaktheriya esifo, microalgae. Ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ezingenamgogodla ku iChibi iBaikal zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke sazo iBaikal epishura. Lezi ezinamagobolondo zithuthumela izakhamuzi kwekholomu amanzi kuleli chibi. Ngakho epishura ngempumelelo ahlanze zokuhlunga amanzi idivayisi yakho iBaikal ehlanganisa izinwele kanye bristles, okuyinto isendaweni mouthparts.

Stony Ichibi kuyinto ndawo lakwa neziponji. Lawa izilwane zakwamanye amazwe abahlala zero. Ulungise ikoloni ezingenamgogodla encane, microalgae zipendwe ngemibala ezihlukahlukene oluhlaza. Ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela Kolo sifana ulwandle coral.

Ezansi iBaikal amatheku futhi angajulile angasogwini izibungu amahlanu kwezinhlobo ezahlukene caddisflies. Sikhula, abantu ukushiya imvelo yasemanzini.

nezilwane

Yini izinhlanzi atholakala iChibi iBaikal? Ubude kulawo manzi atholakala zinhlobo amahlanu nambili. Leli nani lihlanganisa iBaikal omul. Iyilungu womndeni whitefish. omul Baikalsky iphathelene ukudoba nenhlanzi iyona into ezemidlalo igiya. Cishe ihlala ezindaweni emithambekeni kwamanzi ukuthi basemathubeni amaningi amamitha amathathu namashumi amahlanu ukujula.

Ngisho ezinye zezinhlanzi IChibi iBaikal liyindawo ejwayelekile kuphela kule ndawo amanzi? Phakathi izakhamuzi esiyingqayizivele, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili omndeni ka golomyankovyh sendawo (golomyanka ezincane nezinkulu). Ziyakwazi izinhlanzi ezincane obujwayelekile (kufika kancane kuka amabili amasentimitha), abahlala ekujuleni ezahlukene kwechibi futhi okuphakelayo epishura kanye ezinamagobolondo. Golomyanka - ukudla izimvu zamanzi kanye Arctic Cisco.

I enkulu iBaikal izinhlanzi - a Sturgeon. Hhayi zingaphansi kwakhe ngobukhulu futhi trout. Sturgeon, ehlala echibini ejulile, efakwe ohlwini e Red Book of Russia. Isikhathi ukuphila kwakhe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena ikhula ngesisindo ukuze ayikhulu namashumi amathathu amakhilogramu. Izakhamuzi iChibi iBaikal - izinhlanzi ezincane ezingenamgogodla benthic - kukhona ukudla esiyinhloko Sturgeon.