Izakhiwo Thermophysical of umusi

Lapho lesi sitsha ngamanzi imele isikhathi eside, bese ekugcineni lonke amanzi kuwo nje iyasha. Kulesi sihloko, thina nje ukukhuluma kungani lokhu okwenzekayo, bese nixoxa izakhiwo evala.

Ukuhwamuka futhi ukufingqa

La ma-molecule yamanzi esizindeni lapho izinga lokushisa elifanayo ezihambayo, aphenduka ngejubane elingafani. Yiqiniso, iningi labo nezindinganiso ezivamile ijubane, kodwa ezinye zalezi zinkomba awafani.

Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kuyenzeka ukuthi enye yezinhlayiya esheshayo ifinyelela ebusweni mahhala amanzi.

Ebusweni mahhala amanzi - liwumngcele lapho ketshezi nabo emoyeni. Ngemva ukubuyela ijubane-molecule onganqoba ukukhangana yezinye kancane, ama-molecule ukushiya amanzi uqobo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhwamuka. Ama-molecule ukuthi asuke amanzi ashintshwa aba umusi. Manje siza imigomo.

Ukuhwamuka - ukuguqulela amanzi ku umusi. Le nqubo ingathatha indawo kuphela ekusebenzisaneni ne air.

Izakhiwo umusi ziyabonisa futhi yokuthi ngemva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi-molecule ungavula futhi emanzini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi ukufingqa.

Ukufingqa - a okuphambene mkhuba ukuba ukuhwamuka.

zilingana ashukumisayo

Izakhiwo umusi ahlukahlukene, futhi manje sizoxoxa esinye salezi.

Ngaphambili, saxoxa yini okufanele uyenze lapho engqamuzaneni eshiya ketshezi, kodwa isibonelo iye eziholela evulekile amanzi inkomishi. Manje cabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo uma indebe ngokuqinile ivaliwe. Kulokhu, kwabantu umusi emanzini uzovuka. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlayiya ngeke iphazamise nomunye ukushiya komngcele emoyeni uzokwehla ngenxa le nqubo vaporization. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke singase sinyuse izinga ukufingqa, ngoba ngenxa ekuqongeleleni imali umbhangqwana zama-molecule aguqulwa futhi emanzini kungaba enkulu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, izinga ukufingqa kuyoba ulingana izinga ukuhwamuka. Lezi izindawo amanzi umusi abizwa ngokuthi - a yakhoibrium ashukumisayo.

zilingana Dynamic - kulapho kwelinye futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani molecule okuyinto seziye zaphenduka umusi, lilingana nenombolo zishintshe zidlulile emuva emanzini. Kule, kusobala ukuthi umthamo wamanzi ngeke yehle, kanye nenani umusi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abashadile baba "te".

umusi ayegcwele - lokhu yilapho zilingana ashukumisayo ngamanzi, kusukela esahlanganisa. Ngokufanayo, umusi ukuthi alikho esimweni yakhoibrium ashukumisayo, ngokuthi unsaturated.

Izakhiwo umusi kusikisela ukuthi umusi elihlale kuyinto njalo inenani elikhulu ingcindezi kanye kwabantu kuka unsaturated. Lokhu kunjalo ngoba ngentukuthelo ingcindezi seqiwe kanye kwabantu. Ngo-physics, lezi zimiso akhonjiswa njengoba p futhi _n ρ _n, ngokulandelana.

Properties of umusi elihlale

Ngakho kusukela imininingwane engenhla ukuthi isimo umusi lingachazwa nge ezothando efanayo isimo igesi ekahle. Okungenani ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu kanye ingcindezi siyenzeka.

Izakhiwo yamanzi futhi umusi isimanga, okungenani, ngenxa yalokhu. Futhi iqiniso yokufana umusi i igesi ekahle, kuye kwafakazelwa isilingo. Abasesitelekeni yingoba izakhiwo ngentukuthelo zihluke ngokuphelele olimini labo amagesi enhle. Kufanele uhlu umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo.

Ubuningi ukuncika lokushisa

Kufanele ekuqaleni ukwenza amazwi futhi bathi ngokusebenzisa igama elithi "umusi", kwakusho "umusi te". Ngakho, izindawo ezishisayo umusi kwakusho ukuthi ukuminyana ngesikhathi lokushisa elifanayo akuxhomekile ivolumu. Ngakho, uma udala ingcindezi yokufakelwa esitsheni evaliwe, ukwanda umusi kwabantu isikhashana. Futhi ukusheshisa ukufingqa kanye ngezinye izikhathi idlula inqubo ukuhwamuka. Lokhu kuzoqhubeka kuze kube kungenzeki a yakhoibrium ashukumisayo. Nge wo fika kwabantu okuvamile futhi.

Kwenzeka okufanayo uma ukunciphisa ingcindezi, kuphela ukwanda kwabantu umusi kuyoba ukwehla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ukusheshisa ukuhwamuka. Kodwa le nqubo ngeke uqhubekele ukuzinza egcwele zonke izinqubo.

Njengoba kahle ivolumu umusi neze inomthelela umfutho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani alithintwa kanye kwabantu. A ukuminyana futhi ingcindezi formula - Inani okuhambisanayo kuleli cala. Kule futhi ulandela lesi sahlulelo.

Umthelela lokushisa phezu kwabantu

izakhiwo Thermophysical yamanzi, umusi uye wabangela ukuba elilodwa ivolumu efanayo amanzi ngaphansi Ukushisa ayajiya kanye liyancipha lokushisa, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwehliswe.

Lapho izinga lokushisa kwandisa, inqubo ukuhwamuka luyanda kakhulu. Futhi njengoba kulesibonelo, eyedlula yakhoibrium ashukumisayo kuyaphazamiseka, ngenxa ukuhwamuka ngokweqile, kodwa okwesikhashana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinqubo of ukuhwamuka futhi ukufingqa futhi benganhlanhlathi.

Ngokufanayo kwenzeka uma izinga lokushisa uwela. Kuphela ngale ndlela uzokwehla ngesilinganiso ukuhwamuka futhi ukufingqa kuzokwenzeka kuze kube yileso sikhathi, uze ukulinganisela phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, kuziwa ngenombolo ezincane kakhulu ukuthi ngaphelelwa amandla.

Kulesi sisekelo, singasho ukuthi umthetho Charles umusi elihlale akusebenzi. Ngakho-ke yingoba Ukushisa kanye nokupholisa yamanzi eshintsha isisindo salo, futhi leli yena, kusho ukuthi umsebenzi is hhayi komugqa.

Ukwencika ingcindezi lokushisa

Ukuqhubeka yale timu, kokusho ukuncika eyodwa ngaphezulu. Iqiniso lokuthi nge okwandisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi umusi kwandisa ngokushesha izikhathi eziningana. Empeleni, lokhu kwencika siyenzeka nge kwabantu, kodwa lesi siphetho Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuminyana futhi ingcindezi - ezihlobene yamanani ifomula.

Ukucindezelwa ukwencika lokushisa akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa emthethweni igesi ekahle, njengoba kuchaza kwencika lomchazi.

air umswakama

Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma mayelana nomswakama. Air ngokuthi ezimanzi lapho liqukethe umusi. Futhi-ke, ukuthi lokhu kwencika ngokuqondile ezilinganiselwe. Okungukuthi, umbhangqwana Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya onomswakama.

Kukhona umqondo wegama elithi "umswakama ngokuphelele" - is into wadala lapho ingcindezi emoyeni ilingana ingcindezi umusi. Nokho lesi simanga isebenza nge umusi kwabantu.

umswakama nesihlobo iyona ratio nomswakama ngokuphelele emoyeni ingcindezi ukugcwaliswa umusi, sizitshele ukuthi umuntu lokushisa uyefana.

Psychrometer - a idivayisi sokulinganisa nomswakama. Siqukethe thermometer ezimbili, eyodwa kuphela okuyinto ambozwe ngendwangu emanzi. Its isimiso zokusebenza ukuthi nomswakama eliphansi vaporization izicubu wabe ngokushesha, ngenxa okuyinto thermometer zihambisana Ukupholisa abalulekile. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona umehluko ukufundwa phakathi amadivayisi amabili. Ngakho, umswakama kakade ibalwa kakhulu.