Biography Krylova I. A. Ukuphila Ethanda Umsebenzi fabulist abadumile

Biography Krylova I. A. kwaqala ngo amatasatasa eMoscow, lapho umlobi esizayo futhi fabulist wazalwa 2 (13) February 1769

Ebuntwaneni Krylov

Abazali Ivan Andreyevich kwadingeka ukuba njalo ukuhambisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. In the phakathi kwavukelwa ongumlimi eholwa Emelyan Pugachev Krylov nonina abekade Orenburg, nobaba umbhali esizayo kwakungu ukaputeni edolobheni Yaik. Igama Andreya Krylova nakuphathwa kule pugachovskom uhlu ku ukulengiswa, kodwa okuhle ngomkhaya, alibange. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana u-Andrei Krylov uyafa futhi umndeni namanje imali encane noma bengaholelwa nhlobo. Umama ka-Ivan baphoqelelwa ukuba basebenze emakhaya abantu abacebile. Krylov yena waqala ukusebenza zisencane kakhulu - engu-eziyisishiyagalolunye. Wavunyelwa ngoba iholo elincane kabusha amaphepha ibhizinisi.

Okulandelayo, umfana wafundiswa endlini N. A. Lvova, umlobi odumile. Ivan bafundele izingane yenkosi, wahlangana Abadwebi nabalobi, abavame seza Lviv, walalela inkulumo yabo.

Ngenxa ezinye imfundo kusele izingxenyana nje ze kamuva umlobi sibhekene nobunzima eziningi. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wakwazi ukufunda ukubhala, ukuze kakhulu ukwandisa HORIZONS zabo ngisho balukhulume kahle ulimi Italy.

Imizamo yokuqala at lokubhala

A esigabeni esisha uqalile empilweni we fabulist kusukela lo mkhaya uthuthela Petersburg. Biography Krylova I. A. ngalesi sikhathi kuba ethile ethakazelisa ngokukhethekile, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi, kwaba igxathu lakhe lokuqala ngqa endleleni etemibhalo. Esikhathini enyakatho dolobha fabulist nomama baya ukuxazulula inkinga kwezimpesheni, kodwa imizamo yakhe ayizange iphumelele.

Krylov yena, ngaphandle zokuchitha isikhathi ngeze, is wahlela ukusebenza eHhovisi uMgcinimafa Chamber. Nokho, ibhizinisi esemthethweni abakhathazeki kakhulu ngakho. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi khulula ubuchitha ku izifundo tetemibhalo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, iqala ukuxhumana eduze nabalingisi abanamakhono owaziwa, kanye P. A. Soymonovym, umqondisi ethiyetha.

Ngisho ngemva kokufa kukanina Ivan izinkanuko akukashintshi. Nakuba manje fabulist esizayo nzima: Kumelwe watch out for umfowabo omncane, ngubani wasala ayebanakekela.

Biography Krylova I. A. ku-yalolucwaningo 80. - a ukubambisana njalo nezwe yaseshashalazini. Phakathi nale nkathi, ezandleni zakhe ukushiya Libretto ngokuba opera "Kofeynitsa," "umndeni Mad", "Cleopatra", kanye amahlaya, ebizwa nge "Umlobi ephasishi." Ngiphakathi udumo noma izimali omkhulu ngokuqinisekile akazange alethwe. Kodwa Krylov avunyelwe ukujoyina circle of abangane Petersburg abalobi.

Le nsizwa kuthatha ngaphansi sephiko lalo umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini ethandwa futhi ufuna ukusiza Knyazhin Krylov ngaphezulu ngempumelelo ukukhuthaza imisebenzi yabo. Nokho, u-Ivan Andreyevich enqaba hhayi kuphela lolu sizo, kodwa futhi eyeka ubuhlobo Knyazhinym, bese wabhala ahlekisayo "Pranksters" lapho zonke izindlela ka ukuhlekisa wemidlalo nomkakhe. Akumangalisi ukuthi kwawona ahlekisayo wawuvinjelwe zesiteji, futhi umlobi enobudlelwane ichithekile ne abalobi, futhi yaseshashalazini lomqondisi, okuyothi ngalo imisebenzi zafakwa esiteji.

Ekupheleni kweshumi Krylov izimisele ukuzama isandla sakhe journalism. Umagazini "Ekuseni Buka" izingoma zakhe eyanyatheliswa ngo-1788, kodwa futhi kungaqashelwa. Ngemva kwalokhu, u-Ivan Andreevich wanquma ukuhlanganyela ukushicilelwa iphephabhuku yakhe ( "imeyili imimoya") ukuthi uya izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili 1789, "imimoya Mail" kuyinto ngesimo ukuxhumana lwasemaphusheni izinhlamvu - dwarfs nabathakathi. Umbhali inikeza caricature izobrazhnie umphakathi ngaleso sikhathi. Nokho, kungakabiphi, lo magazini ihlanganisa ukucwaninga, echaza ukuthi kushicilelwe kwadingeka ababhalisile 80 kuphela.

Kusukela 1790 Krylov umhlalaphansi, bese enikelwe ngokuphelele yena ukuba umsebenzi wokubhala. Ngalesi sikhathi biography Krylova I. A. eduze zithandelana ukuphila izindlela umbhali buddies - A. Klushina, P. Plavilshchikov futhi I. Dmitriev. Ivan Andreyevich siphela yokunyathelisa nabangani iqala ukushicilela umagazini "I Usinga" (kamuva - "Petersburg Mercury"). Ngo 1793, umagazini wagcina uvaliwe futhi amaphiko iminyaka eminingi kwesokunxele enhlokodolobha.

Enkonzweni Prince Golitsyn

Kuze 1797, Krylov uhlala e Moscow, bese iqala ukuhamba kuleli zwe, ukuma ngesikhathi izindlu futhi izigodi yabangane bakhe. Fabulist lalilokhu ngifuna imithombo imali, futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile zifiseleka e imidlalo ikhadi. By the way, Krylov wayaziwa njengomuntu umdlali yimpumelelo kakhulu on the esengozini ukukopela.

Prince Sergey Fedorovich Golitsyn bajwayelane Ivanom Andreevichem, okunikelwe ube umfundisi wakhe ekhaya futhi unobhala. Krylov uhlala izindlu Prince sika ensimini ka esifundazweni Kiev futhi ukwenza izincwadi nezilimi nabantwana bakwa-The Aristocrat. Lapha yena ubhala idlala okuzobe kudlalelwa uhlelo ekhaya yaseshashalazini, kanye inkositini amakhono imidlalo ku ezihlukahlukene zomculo.

Ngo 1801, wanyukela kwesihlalo sobukhosi, u-Alexander I, ngubani wayeqiniseka mkhulu Golitsyn wammisa Livonian Governor-Jikelele. Krylov yena, ukunikeza indawo ehhovisi okwakuhlala kuyo umbusi. Kuze 1803 fabulist ukusebenza e Riga, wabe esedlulela umfowabo Serpukhov.

inkazimulo okudala

Ukudala kanye biography Krylov babe ezithakazelisayo ikakhulukazi kusukela kuleso sikhathi. Ngempela, ngale nkathi, ucezu lokuqala Krylov ( "pie") iwina izinhliziyo ngetetsamelilwati kuletha impumelelo eside elindelwe ukuba umlobi. Yena enquma ngiqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo wabuyela Petersburg.

Ngo-1805, u-Ivan A. ubonisa I. Dmitriev, imbongi abanamakhono, izinguqulo yakhe yokuqala lezinganekwane. Kuba sobala ukuthi umbhali wathola ukubizwa kwakhe kweqiniso. Kodwa Krylov Nokho, eshicilelwe izinganekwane ezintathu kuphela bese ibuyisela drama. Eminyakeni elandelako embalwa iye yathela ngokukhethekile kule ndaba. Krylova azi nothando Ongoti yobuciko waseshashalazini, kanye sokudlala "Fashion Shop" saboniswa ngisho enkantolo.

Nokho, Krylov is ngokwethukela yokuhamba kwami yaseshashalazini kanye vsroz nentshisekelo translation nokubhala izinganekwane sakhe. Ngo 1809, kubonakala emashalofini iqoqo yakhe yokuqala. Kancane kancane inani imikhiqizo lukhula, ekhiqizwa Amaqoqo amasha, futhi ngo-1830 kakade iye yazuza 8 amavolumu lezinganekwane Krylov sika.

Ngo 1811, u-Ivan A. yaba ilungu Russian Academy, futhi kamuva eminyakeni eyishumi nambili etholakele igolide wakhe nendondo ngenxa impumelelo ezincwadini. Ngo-1841 Krylov esimisiwe umnyango academician ulimi Russian nezincwadi. Kusukela 1812 umbhali esebenza njenge a yezincwadi ngesikhathi Imperial Public Library. Krylov uthola impesheni ngenxa yosizo lwakhe izincwadi Russian, futhi ngemva vosmitomnika out Nicholas mina ukwandisa umhlalaphansi kabili futhi umisa ikhansela isimo umbhali.

Winter 1838 Petersburg ngenhlonipho futhi solemnity asekelwe ukugubha iminyaka engu-wamashumi omahlanu ka-umlobi zokudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, Krylov esekufakile kakade belingana zabuna ezincwadi Russian - Pushkin, Derzhavin, griboedov. inganekwane Yamuva Ivan Andreevich zahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kuka-50.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngo-1841 Krylov iphumula kanye luhlala ku Vasilevsky Island, ukuba aphile ngokuthula, ukuzijabulisa. Umlobi bekulokhu engakwenqeni adle alale embhedeni, ngenxa yalokho abanye bambiza nesiminzi futhi avilaphe.

Nokho, kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina Krylov abasebenze iqoqo elisha Tindzaba. Washona 9 (21) Novemba 1844 Petersburg ngo-pneumonia zamazwe amabili.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo umbhali

Kukhona amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo kusukela biography of Krylov, nibaluleke kokukhuluma kulesi sihloko. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe never fabulist shy futhi akakaze aphuthe ithuba ukuba bahlekise ngayo abanye amaphutha.

Uma ehamba lo yashayisa unqenqema. Ukubona lesi sibalo okukhulu ukuthi umuntu ongaziwa ubudala, abafundi iholidi baye wahleka, wathi: "kukhona ifu." Ukuhamba esidlule kubo, Krylov waphendula ngomoya ophansi: "... Futhi frog zakvakali".

Esinye isigameko ezithakazelisayo kwenzeka Ivanom Andreevichem ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Umakhelwane wakhe kwaba umsindo kakhulu wanyathela izinyawo zakhe ngesikhathi umculo, ngisho wahlabelela kanye. Loud Krylov ngokwanele wathi: "obuyichilo" umakhelwane edelelwa umlobi wabuza uma ongowakhe, emaphikweni Okuxakayo ukuthi kusho ukuthi "ukuze balukhulume kahle esiteji, okuyinto evimbela ukuba mina ukulalela kwakho [umakhelwane]."

Indlela kwaba esenzeka ngemva kokufa kombhali. Ekhokha intela kwabase Krylov, Bala Orlov, ababekade indoda inombolo ezimbili emva umbusi uqobo wathwala fabulist lomngcwabo nabafundi abavamile, kuze enqoleni emngcwabeni.