Izici, izici, inhlangano izinhlangano ezezimali credit eRussia

Credit sphere of ubudlelwano yemali has izici zayo of uhlobo ukusebenza. Isihloko kuthengiselana ukhonza ilungelo lokusebenzisa izimali. Ngamagama alula, isikhathi esimisiwe beshintsha imali okuyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, inhlangano yezezimali credit izikhungo has izici zayo siqu.

webumbacambili

Ezezimali credit izikhungo, ngakolunye uhlangothi usetshenziselwe inzuzo, futhi ngakolunye - anencazelo komnotho omkhulu. Imisebenzi izinhlangano ezinjalo ihlobene inzuzo izimali emnothweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho. Lokhu webumbacambili kuphakamisa ezinye izici kwezikhungo zemali obolekisayo.

nesisekelo esingokomthetho

Ezezimali izinhlangano credit eRussia akhiwa ngesisekelo zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Amabhange Banking Umsebenzi". Sesikweletu iyinhlangano esemthethweni, okuyinto enze inzuzo Ukusebenzisa uchungechunge imisebenzi yelayisensi Central Bank. Ifomu kobunikazi kungaba noma ikuphi.

Umthetho uhlinzekela ukudalwa ezimbili izinhlobo zezinhlangano: amabhange nezinye izikhungo ze-non-ebhange. IBhange unelungelo okukhethekile ukuheha ezifakwa kusukela izinkampani zikahulumeni kanye zomthetho ukwaba izimali ku imigomo lokukhokha kanye ukubuyiswa kwemali, silondoloze akhawunti, ukwenza ukuthengiselana on ukuthengwa nokudayiswa izibambiso, nokunye. D. Non-yasebhange inhlangano unelungelo lokufeza kuphela ingxenye imisebenzi ngenhla.

isiqondiso State

Umthetho kusungulwa usayizi ubuncane dolobha yebhange ogunyaziwe ngesikhathi ngosuku lokufaka isicelo sokubhaliswa. He is ruble ayizigidi ezingu-300. I Bank of Russia futhi ulawula Usayizi wokugcina iminikelo okungezona yemali kanye nohlu amafa ukuba nomthelela inhlokodolobha ogunyaziwe. Ikakhulukazi, ayikwazi kwakhiwa dolobha yebhange ngezithukuthuku ukubolekisa kwezinye izikhungo. Izivumelwano isakhiwo kufanele zihlala zinjalo phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuqala ukusebenza. Central Bank futhi itfutfukise izindinganiso, kuphoqelekile bonke abahlanganyeli emakethe. Lulawulwa inani lemali elincane izimali siqu, lizinga solvency futhi zezimali.

kabusha izinsiza

Ezezimali credit zezimali nesikhungo iqhaza e ukuhanjiswa kwezinsiza emazingeni Macro futhi micro. Amabhange izindlela zokuthola imali abantu nezinhlangano ibhizinisi, bese uzisebenzisa ukwakha ukuthengiselana emakethe yezimali.

ukuhlinzekwa

Amabhange ukugcina izimali izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye nembuso. Ezikhathini zobunzima, ngisho uhlelo lwezimali uzohlupheka. Ngakho-ke, amabhange ifomu izinqolobane sokubolekwayo ngokumelene eseduze e ukuthengiselana ne Central Bank aliyikuhamba kumlawuli akhawunti.

Izimpawu ezezimali abolekise izikhungo

• Ukulahlwa khulula kwempahla phakathi komkhawulo ebekiwe ngokomthetho.
• Ukukhula kanye ukubuyiswa kwemali - zimali zihlinzekelwe ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana isikhathi esithile.
• Paid - ukusetshenziswa capital kudingeke ukuba ukhokhe inzalo.
• Riskiness - ezwakala ukuhlinzwa nge ingozi ongatheni, okungase nemiphumela yesikhathi eside.
• ukuhambisana okuphoqelekile nemithetho athuthukile elawula ukuzinza of credit izikhungo.

Banikezwe izici ezezimali credit izikhungo, ubudlelwane imali zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili. Amadili lokuqala ne ukuziphatha imisebenzi yizinhlangano commercial (amasevisi ebhenki), kanti eyesibili - ne imininingwane ohlelweni lonke. Esikhathini amabhange igcinwe imali, bayobe besebenza njengethuluzi abaxhumanisi phakathi isimo kanye labantu, kanye iqhaza emisebenzini izibambiso emakethe.

inhlangano uhlelo

ERussia, uhlelo yasebhange ezimbili abaphuma. Ezezimali credit zikhungo yonkana. Lokhu kungenxa uhlobo ubudlelwane emakethe. ibhizinisi Mahhala inikeza zokwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza ngokusebenzisa credit izikhungo. Futhi le nqubo kumele ilawulwe, ngoba amabhange zisebenzisa hhayi kuphela bebodwa, kodwa wabuye waphakamisa izimali, kuhlanganise kusuka kuhulumeni. amabhange Central emhlabeni wonke kungabonwa abaxhumanisi phakathi isimo kanye nomnotho. Lapho zihlanganiswa izici credit izikhungo kanye izinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Izimiso ukusebenza kwe-Bank of Russia

Central Bank of ngesimo esingokomthetho esungulwe Mthetho-sisekelo nomthetho yase igama elifanayo. Ezingeni ngokomthethosisekelo, umsebenzi oyinhloko we Umlawuli ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza lwemali kazwelonke. Umthetho kahulumeni sibeka ukuthi imisebenzi yokulawula ezihlobene yinhlangano engenzi-nzuzo, ngoba inzuzo akuwona umgomo oyinhloko.

Umlawuli amandla zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili. Eyokuqala ehlangene nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi (ukulawula komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali), kanti eyesibili - ekwenziweni imisebenzi yasebhange. Okokuqala ukusebenzisa mahhala, kanti eyesibili - ngesilinganiso aqine.

Capital nayo yonke impahla Bank of Russia bayingxenye likahulumeni, kodwa inhlangano ngokwayo ubhekwa ngokomthetho futhi ezimele kahle ngokwezimali. Isimo sokuqala kuyadingeka ukuphathwa inqubomgomo yemali. ukuzimela lwezezimali ukuthi Bank of Russia ngeke babhekane izibopho tembuso kantsi yonke imisebenzi yayo zisekelwa ngokuzimela.

Ngemva imvume akhawunti yonyaka kwesigamu inzuzo ebhange idluliselwe isabelomali sikahulumeni. Ingxenye esele siqondiswe ukunikezwa futhi izisekelo. Ukukhokhwa kwentela imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokuhambisana NC, ngaphandle kwalezo ezihambisana nomthethonqubo isimo.

credit izikhungo Finance Inhlangano

Inguquko emnotfweni emakethe useshintshe isakhiwo inhlokodolobha weemali. Namuhla, umthombo oyinhloko izimali esivuna nokulingana, bakhangwa kusukela ezimakethe zezimali. Esikhathini umnotho zokuphatha-umyalo, inhloko-dolobha amabhange 'kwamiswa ngezithukuthuku kumitfombolusito yahulumende. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isibalo sezikhungo imikhiqizo enikezwayo. Amabhange yaqala ukuthola izimali futhi RZB, kusukela imisebenzi ezisansimbi, zezimali, eqashisa ngamafulethi, kahle, forfaiting ukuthengiselana.

Inhlangano yezezimali abolekise izikhungo kuyinto ukuheha izimali okwesikhashana khulula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo enakekela izidingo isisetshenziswa sabantu kanjalo nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho. Ngakho-ke, ngo-isakhiwo kwezinsiza yasebhange ungabahlukanisa:

• izimali siqu: share capital, izinqolobane, izimali akhethekile inzuzo;
• izikweletu - iyona izimali ephakanyiswe kusuka imisebenzi yokwenziwa (ikhasimende ezifakwa) ukuze bafeze imisebenzi asebenzayo (abolekise).

inzuzo yebhange

Inani kwezinsiza senhlangano kuthinta ivolumu zokukhokhelwa. Nge kugucukela emnotfweni emakethe useshintshe izinga capital. Inhlangano yezezimali abolekise izikhungo ukuthi inzuzo manje hhayi kuphela umgomo oyinhloko, kodwa futhi kuyinkomba ebaluleke nomphakathi. khona kwakhe kanye nosayizi zihlobene izithakazelo amaqembu ahlukene abathengi:

• inzuzo abanikazi bamasheya uphawu oyinhloko nenzuzo;
• abasebenzi - ithuba umvuzo ngomsebenzi izinga;
• ekukhuleni ababoleka nomholo kukhona ukunwetshwa imithombo yendalo kanye nokwenzeka ukuthola imali-mboleko emigomeni izindawo ezingconywana.

inzuzo Ibhange sika ibalwa njengoba umehluko phakathi imali imisebenzi kanye nezindleko ekusetshenzisweni kwazo, okuqukethwe ukuphathwa kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Income, ngokukhethekile, inzalo emalini ebolekwe, izimali imali isiphetho, engenayo evela kokwenziwe e izibambiso, zezimali, amatshe ayigugu, isiqinisekiso imisebenzi, ukuphathwa kwempahla, eqashisa ngamafulethi, nokweluleka, nokunye. D.

Ngu nezindleko imisebenzi zihlanganisa izindleko ikhokhwe kwesabelomali izintela, inzalo imali, ikhomishana interbank ukubolekisa, amasevisi yokukhokha ukuze ezazivela, izindleko ukuthengiselana e izibambiso, zezimali, amatshe ayigugu, ukwakheka izinqolobane, ukuphathwa kokuqukethwe kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.

ukuphathwa

I izikhungo zezimali kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ekusetshenzisweni. ngezimali Afunwayo (uxhaso) evumela bamasheya ukuzivocavoca ukulawula ukunyakaza kwezimali. Ngenxa kungekho stock kwezinsiza, amabhange ukunweba inethiwekhi legatsha ukuze uthole OS ukuze kukhuthazwe abasebenzi bahlanganyele esiza abantulayo.

Ukwanda izinsiza kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano commercial izuzwe nokwanda kokungabi izimali nokwehlisa izindleko. Lesi simiso awusebenzi amabhange umsebenzi kabani main Ukukhishwa nokuhlengwa imalimboleko. Umthamo inzuzo yayo incike elanikelwa futhi ubukhulu intela yemali kuzo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko ekuphathweni kwezimali ukukhulisa isamba semali siqu.

Indlela elula lo mgomo - ukwandisa inhlokodolobha ogunyaziwe. Capital ukunwetshwa kuzokhuphula inani eliphezulu ukubolekisa umboleki ngayinye futhi ugxile ukutshalwa eside.