Izindlela zika insulin. Incazelo kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa

Ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela - isifo ovamile, okungadingi anqikaze abantu bobudala obungefani, ubulili, kanye nesimo sezimali. Kubalulekile ukufunda izintambo lokho izimpawu zesifo kungabonwa ngqo neziguli nendlela yokuthatha isinyathelo lapho atholakala. ekuhlonzweni lesi sifo kungaba usizo olukhulu zokudambisa imiphumela sokuthuthuka. Kodwa ngisho khona uphethwe "isifo sikashukela" akuyona umusho. Iziguli ungaqhubeka uphila impilo egcwele enikeziwe ukubhekana ezinye izimo. Ngokwesibonelo, iziguli kufanele wenze umjovo njalo we-insulin. Kuyinto hormone ekhethekile, okuyinto ehilelekile ukulawulwa izinqubo eziningi zamakhemikhali emzimbeni. Nokho, ukuze wenze lokhu yokwelapha yayinenzuzo nesineke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqonda izindlela insulin emzimbeni womuntu. Kufanele sicabangele ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ebalulekile. Phakathi kwabo: izici zamakhemikhali ezenzeka iqhaza insulini; izinhlobo amalungiselelo esekelwe phezu kwalo; imithetho efana okukhulunywa; Izindlela zokuphatha insulin; izimbangela isidingo nokuqapha njalo isimo zomzimba zogulayo. Zonke lezi amaphuzu uzobe wachaza ngokuningiliziwe kamuva kulesi sihloko.

I-insulini i-hormone

Lokhu i-hormone kuveza umzimba ngokwemvelo. Ngo inqubo ukugaya carbohydrate ukudla ukudla ku igazi glucose. Le into liwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla emzimbeni womuntu. Lapho insulin namiphi imiphumela? Ngo kwamanyikwe. Kuyinto le hormone kunendima eyinhloko e ukusetshenziswa glucose, kanye kumiswa izinqolobane zalo. Bekanye insulini kule nqubo ihilela nezinye hormone amaningi afana glucagon futhi amylin.

i-hormone nomthelela umzimba carbohydrate

Izindlela zika insulin emzimbeni iyashiyana yini umzimba kubhekwe. Sixoxa omunye imiphumela le-hormone. Okungukuthi, ukuthi bangasibonisa ngasiphi isenzo has insulini ku-glucose umzimba. Uma okuqukethwe le hormone egazini liphansi kakhulu, glucose akakwazi ukungena ngokusebenzisa amaseli kwemisipha nomzimba wonke uthola amandla kuphela kusuka ukusabela okunamafutha acid namachibi. Lapho liyophuma ezingeni edingekayo, inqubo kungaba kwenziwe futhi ngendlela engokwemvelo. Kulokhu, umzimba uthola amandla anele. Noma kunjalo, ngezinye eliphezulu ngokwedlulele ngokomzimba ukuzikhandla ulwelwesi kwemisipha amaseli kungase futhi kube permeable ukuba glucose, ngisho noma emakamu insulin egazini liphansi kakhulu.

Ukubaluleka kuhlolwe hormone e izinqubo umzimba akunakuphikwa. It insulini yokwamukela (transmembrane yokwamukela kabani isinyathelo icushiwe insulini) Kubalulekile e homeostasis glucose. ukugeleza engafanele imikhondo yokugcina ekuthuthukiseni izifo esiwohlozayo, njengesifo sikashukela noma umdlavuza.

Kufanele sinake isibindi. Kuyinto lokhu umzimba kwenza izinqolobane glucose emzimbeni. Kungaba adedelwe ngokukhululekile emangqamuzaneni isibindi ngesikhathi edingekayo yokuqala. It insulini eheha zamagama izinto ezithile ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-enzyme glycolytic (okungukuthi, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase futhi pyruvate kinase-1) ngaphandle iyiphi inqubo glucose eqhekeza ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale.

Umthelela we-insulin ku amaprotheni umzimba

Amaphrotheni ukuthi umuntu uthola ukudla, sahlukana phakathi kwaba nenani kubalulekile amino acid ukuthi umzimba synthesizes kamuva amaprotheni zabo. Nokho, ukugeleza ezanele yenqubo echazwe kungenzeka kuphela iqhaza therein we-insulin. Yena uyisa iningi amino acid. Insulin futhi ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa izinga DNA umbhalo, ngakho-ke kuvusa kumiswa RNA. Kuyinto ngezindlela kubhekwa ama-hormone kuthinta amaprotheni zamagama emzimbeni womuntu.

Umthelela we-insulin ku fat umzimba

i-hormone Okubukwe is bahileleke umzimba lipid, okungukuthi isinyathelo lipogenesis (okunamafutha acid zamagama). Basuke kwakhiwa ngesisekelo carbohydrate (enqubeni zokuwohloka futhi umzimba). Lipogenesis enzyme iyasebenza kuphela ngosizo we-insulin. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi le hormone akukwazi ukuqaliswa umzimba evamile.

Izinhlobo insulini futhi kungenwa imithetho

Izindlela zika insulin isikhathi eside ecacile, ngakho kukhona ngezigaba ingxube, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha iziguli ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Fast-esebenza nge-insulini. Umthelela kule ndaba iba sobala phakathi neminyaka yokuqala imizuzu emihlanu ngemva isingeniso sakhe. A nomphumela maximal kufinyelelwa ngemva kwehora elilodwa. Nokho, isenzo nje njengoba fast kanye imikhawulo. Umjovo kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sakusihlwa.
• Esifushane esebenza insulini (eqinisweni, uma kuziwa insulini njalo, njengoba umthetho, khumbula lolu hlobo). Isenzo luqala ngemva isigamu sehora. Le into ingase ikhishwe ngaphambi kokudla. Effect Its ukuthatha isikhathi eside kunokuba zilwane kuchaziwe ngenhla.
• Insulin isikhathi isilinganiso. Lolu hlobo izidakamizwa Kunconywa ukuba lisetshenziswe ne insulin okusheshayo-wenza noma insulini esifushane esebenza. Lokhu ephumelelisa nethonya elihlala njalo (imfuyo amayelana isigamu sosuku).
• Long-esebenza nge-insulini. Kuhloswe ukuba iphathwe ekuqaleni kosuku. Lokhu insulini siyasebenza emini. Nokho, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma sisetshenziswa ndawonye esifushane esebenza insulini noma okusheshayo-oyibamba.
• Insulin, okuyinto pre-okuxubile. izingxenye zalo - ezinye zalezi zinhlobo izinto. insulini ezinjalo kufanele kuthathwe kabili ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla.

Baningi izici nomthelela Hlobo luni lwezinto isiguli ekhetha. Izindlela zika-insulini isinyathelo ezinye zezinhlanzi ezichazwe ngenhla ngempela sihambisana nezidingo nezimo yesiguli ethile. Umthamo elilungile kanye lwemithi zomuthi kumele afakwe wumuntu okuqeqeshelwe nazo zonke izici ngamunye isiguli, ubunjalo balesi sifo futhi isimo jikelele impilo. Insulin (intengo lapho ngokwesilinganiso singamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi ayisishiyagalombili ruble) kumele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kweso lwezokwelapha.

Namuhla, isiguli ungakhetha eyodwa yezindlela ezilandelayo: ukuthatha insulini:

• Isipetu. Izinaliti e imijovo yesimanje umncane kakhulu. Yingakho umjovo lingaphansi ezibuhlungu. Lokhu inaliti Kumelwe singene okunamafutha izicubu ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma esiswini, izibunu, ingalo noma ethangeni.
• Ipeni. Le divayisi bathengisa kanye insulin, kuvamise ngesilinganiso nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa. Ngokuvamile isipetu ngepeni has a eyakhelwe ngaphakathi igobolondo. Insulin futhi yethulwa ngokusebenzisa inaliti, kodwa wenza akukho umjovo nge piston, futhi isibangeli. Idivayisi kuyasiza kakhulu izingane ukuzithiba ukuphatha izidakamizwa.
• Pump. Lokhu apharathasi ihlinzeka ukuphatha njalo insulin ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile lapho esiswini. Ngemva edingekayo zinkathi ukumpompa izidakamizwa ngqo emzimbeni ngumuntu tube ekhethekile phakathi ipayipi. Kuyinto elula ukuthi esasikhipha insulini nge umjovo iba ezingadingekile.

izindlela ezintsha

Yiqiniso, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iziguli nakanjani ukujwayela kokuba ukwenza imijovo njalo futhi njalo usebenzise inaliti. Nokho, ezinye kabi, lokhu kwelashwa namanje kubangela. Yingakho lenqwaba ochwepheshe njalo besebenza kanzima kangakanani ukuba uvule noma yiluphi, izindlela ezintsha kuwusizo kakhudlwana we-insulin.

Kuze 2007, saqhubeka imizamo yethu yokwazisa indlela esasikhipha hormone nge ephefumula. Nokho, yokuthengisa amadivayisi enjalo ayisenziwa.

Namuhla, umsebenzi uragela phambili ukudalwa ezikhethekile nezimagqabhagqabha isikhumba futhi izifutho, okwakuyoholela bafake insulini ngomlomo. Ngeshwa, le mithi ayikatholakali umphakathi.

umjovo esiqokiwe

Insulin nokunwetshiwe isinyathelo masinya angena igazi, iqondiswa esiswini. Ezinye iziguli uncamela imijovo ehlombe. Ezinye nazo asetshenziswa njengoba indawo umjovo okhalweni nezinqe, kodwa kufanele sinikezwe izidakamizwa kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Banikezwe mshini insulin, njalo Kunconywa ukujova ngendlela efanayo futhi endaweni efanayo. Nokho, ukuze ugweme okuvela iyiphi izimvu zamanzi ngokuvamile washintsha ingxenye yomzimba, okuyinto kuzojovwa hormone. Ngakho-ke, le site lomjovo kangcono enye kumbuthano.

Ukwengamela

Lapho usebenzisa i-insulin kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo ezingeni langempela glucose egazini. Lesi sakamuva kungathinta ezahlukahlukene: isiguli kuthatha e ukudla lapho, ngabe ezemidlalo belilokhu linobunzima ukuthi imizwa emihle noma emibi, kanjani ukuthatha ukuphathwa ezinye izifo. Izimo ezifanayo kungaba ngokuphelele indlela ahlukahlukene kuthinte ukugeleza sikashukela iziguli ezahlukene noma emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela ukuphila okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, izikhathi eziningana nsuku zonke kuyadingeka ukukala amazinga igazi glucose ukuze ukuqapha isimo somzimba umuntu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wena nje ufuna ukuthatha isampula igazi ngomunwe. Futhi ngesisekelo zokuqapha enjalo kufanele eziphethweni eziqinisekile. Kuye kashukela kanjani kanzulu, insulini kumele iphathwe i isilinganiso ezifanele.

Khumbula ukuthi isifo sikashukela uhlobo lokuqala, kuvame ukuthatha impilo yonke. Ngakho-ke kufanele kube uyazinakekela ngaso sonke isikhathi isimo sakhe esingokomzimba ubheke ezicashile izifo zabo, kanye ukuqapha isimo kwamanyikwe, lapho insulin kukhiqizwa.

imiphumela i-hormone

I nodaba salesi sihloko, insulin, ekwandeni kuyinto engokwemvelo zamakhemikhali lapho inqubo umzimba abantu. Lokhu i-hormone uyisa glucose kwezicubu kwezitho ezahlukene, waliguqula ku glycogen.

Insulin ukuntula kubangela sikashukela. Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko okulandelayo:

• Ezinkulu (amalitha eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi ngelilanga) kanye ukoma njalo.
• isimo Giperklikemii.
• Ketonemia (noma lactic umzimba).
• Imphumelelo amaprotheni umzimba.
• • Ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo inani glycogen eziqukethwe isibindi kanye nemisipha.
• Hyperlipidemia (waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi inani amafutha egazini).
• Ukwephulwa ku namachibi kwamafutha.
• Glycosuria.

i-hormone Okubukwe ithonya asebenzayo on synthesis glycogen, kuvimbela ukuguqulwa amino acid ukuze glucose. Lokhu kuchaza isidingo sokuqondisa insulin njengoba nje isiguli imatasa umsebenzi odinga amandla. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngoba kunika umuntu ama-amino acid-hormone okuthiwa i ukulethwa ku amaseli esinikeza ukukhula asebenzayo kwemisipha zesivikelo sesifuba.

Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi futhi insulini inomphumela omubi phezu nesineke. It ungaboniswa idiphozi ka triglyceride eziqukethwe izicubu fat. Ngakho zishukunyiswa waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi amafutha ongama. Lona omunye nemiphumela ethile engathandeki main we-insulin.

ukusetshenziswa enobungozi

Abacwaningi abaningi baye baphenya kahle-insulin, imiphumela emibi isingeniso ngokweqile hormone yokufakelwa umzimba. Ochwepheshe sakwazi ukuthola ukuthi umthamo ebulalayo efana okukhulunywa 100 IU. Lokho lemali kufaka insulini isipetu egcwele. Nokho, ungagcina isiguli, ngisho nalapho ukweqisa izidakamizwa ngokungathí sina ngokweqile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuba singaphelelwa futhi ngokushesha shayela i-ambulense isikhathi. Njengomthetho, ngisho isiguli isikhathi ukukwenza, ngokuba ukwazi ecacile. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthuthukisa ikhoma, ngokuvamile amahora ambalwa ngaphezulu ukuze uzothatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa irisidi ngesikhathi glucose egazini, okwenza kungabi umphumela hypoglycemic we-insulin.

Ngakho, watch out for impilo yakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngeshwa, abanye lokhu kukuthinta sizame kakhulu kunamanye. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi abanesifo sikashukela. Abantu abaphethwe yilesi sifo, bephoqeleka ukuba ahole indlela elinganiselwe kakhulu zokuphila. Iziguli ezinjalo kudingeka ulawule ukuthi ukudla abakudlayo, singakanani isikhathi banikela ukuze ezemidlalo ngokuvamile nendlela yokuphila asebenzayo kukhona ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye zazo, ikakhulukazi labo insulini ancike ke, kuyadingeka ukuze ukuqapha indlela yabo yokuphila ngokuphelele. Iziguli kufanele kube njalo (kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sosuku futhi ezimweni ezithile) ukujova insulini (hormone elokwenziwa ukuthi akakwazi ukuba kuhlelwe izinto eziningi kudingeka isiguli pancreatic). esikhundleni ezinjalo ngandlela-thile ekudambiseni isimo isifo futhi ukusiza isiguli ukuba siphile ukuphila okugcwele cishe. Ngokuba kulesi sikhathi esibaluleke futhi inani elifanele (njengakho konke aphoyintimenti wezazi) ukujova nge-insulini. Ukuze umjovo we wadala izinhlobo eziningana amadivayisi elula. Phakathi kwabo kukhona i isipetu insulini, ngepeni insulini kanye futha ekhethekile. Ethandwa kakhulu namuhla ezimbili zokugcina ongakhetha. Ipeni Kulula kakhulu ukusingatha futhi kufanelekile ngisho izingane ezincane abanale ukuzithiba Qondisa insulini. A futha, isimiso aqede isidingo sokuqondisa ngenaliti esifanelana iningi leziguli.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kudingeka kulandelwe ngokucophelela zonke umthamo okuyinto esimisiwe udokotela. Nokuzephula lwemithi namaculo sinconywa, ngoba kungaba nemiphumela eminingi engathandeki, kuhlanganise zingayisongela ukuphila kwesiguli. esiyingozi nakakhulu okweqa umthamo Kunconywa, njengoba kungaba yingozi. Ukuze ugweme nemiphumela ebuhlungu ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba indiva izincomo udokotela futhi abalokothi musa ukushintsha zona mathupha.

Kuyadingeka ukuthola umkhiqizo izinga kuphela esingaletha kuphela izinzuzo emzimbeni wesiguli bese ngeke zibangele noma iyiphi umonakalo. Ngaphambi uyithenga, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kuyinto insulini (intengo akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonise isimo sangempela). Sebenzisa imikhiqizo abakhiqizi wemfanelo kabani idumela lihlolwe iminyaka, ogama imikhiqizo ukusiza ukusekela izimpilo iziguli eziningi. Hlola izibuyekezo amakhasimende angempela bese ulandela izincomo ochwepheshe abanekhono. aqaphe ngokucophelela impilo yakho siqu. Khetha kangcono bona nabathandekayo babo. Hlala uphilile!