Imithetho Kirchhoff

I-physics esidumile German Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824 - 1887), owaphothula University of eKönigsberg, njengosihlalo woMkhandlu physics zezibalo e-University of Berlin, ngesisekelo idatha isahlolwa futhi umthetho Ohm sika wathola iqoqo imithetho evumela ukuba sihlaziye izifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi kagesi. Ngakho Kwakunabantu asetshenziswa electrodynamics imithetho Kirchhoff sika.

Eyokuqala (ngokuvamile engeyokuqala) is, empeleni umthetho ukulondolozwa icala ngokuhlanganyela isimo ukuthi amacala Asizalwa futhi musa zinyamalale umqhubi. Lo mthetho usebenza ISIZINDA ka izifunda kagesi, isb iphuzu wesifunda lapho converges babashayeli ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.

Uma sithatha isiqondiso esiqondile wamanje yesifunda, okuyinto efanelekayo ukuze engeyokuqala samanje, futhi lowo isuka - ngokuba omubi, isamba imisinga ngasiphi node kumelwe ukuba uziro ngoba amacala zinganqwabelana kule site:

i = n

Σ Iᵢ = 0,

i = l

Ngamanye amazwi, inani ophethe ezihambisana engeyokuqala ku iyunithi isikhathi kuyoba ilingana nenani amacala abahamba iphuzu ezinikezwe nenkathi yesikhathi efanayo.

umthetho Kirchhoff yesibili - isiphetho umthetho Ohm futhi libhekisela wabuka avaliwe branched chain.

Kunoma somshini esivalekile, i ezinqumela okhethiwe wesifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi kagesi, isamba algebraic imikhiqizo imisinga amabutho kanye resistances elihambisana nentaba iziza ngeke alingane isamba algebraic we EMF esifundeni:

i = n₁ i = n₁

Σ Iᵢ Rᵢ = Σ Ei,

i = li = l

imithetho Kirchhoff zivame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ukucacisa amagugu amandla zamanje ku eziyinkimbinkimbi uchungechunge ezindaweni lapho ukumelana naso futhi kwenze kwemigomo imithombo zamanje banikwa. Cabanga indlela yokusebenzisa imithetho ukuze isibonelo sokubala wesifunda. Kusukela zibalo lapho ukusetshenziswa imithetho Kirchhoff, akunjalo zibalo ezivamile algebraic, inombolo okufanele silingane nesibalo angaziwa. Uma wesifunda ihlaziye yakhiwa n ISIZINDA kanye m izingxenye (amagatsha), umthetho wokuqala ke zingase zimiswe (m - 1) zibalo ezimele usebenzisa umthetho wesibili, ngaphezulu (n - m +1) zibalo ezimele.

Action 1. Khetha okungahleliwe isiqondiso zamanje, ukugcina lo "mbuso" inflow futhi outflow, engeyokuqala kungase kungabi umthombo noma sokukhipha amacala. Uma ukhetha indlela wamanje wenza iphutha, khona-ke inani lale zamanje izokhombisa ukuthi akanalo igciwane. Kodwa imithombo zamanje isinyathelo aziwona ngokungenasizathu, basuke nje isuke ibangelwa indlela kuhlanganise izingongolo.

Isinyathelo 2 I kwesibalo we imisinga elihambisana umthetho wokuqala Kirchhoff analo b node:

I₂ - I₁ - I₃ = 0

Isinyathelo 3: I zibalo elihambisana umthetho wesibili Kirchhoff, kodwa pre-khetha izifunda ezizimele ezimbili. Kulokhu kukhona ezintathu amathuba: loop kwesokunxele {badb}, kwesokudla wesifunda {bcdb} kanye nentaba emhlabeni wonke {badcb} chain.

Njengoba kubalulekile ukuthola amperage ezintathu kuphela, thina umphumela ngokwethu izifunda ezimbili. dlula ukubaluleka isiqondiso ayinakho imisinga kanye EMF ezibhekwa omuhle uma uqondane isiqondiso dlula. Thina zungeza nentaba {badb} esiphikisa, ezothando iba:

I₁R₁ + I₂R₂ = ε₁

Umjikelezo wesibili ziphathise indandatho enkulu {badcb}:

I₁R₁ - I₃R₃ = ε₁ - ε₂

Isinyathelo 4: Manje ezakha uhlelo of zibalo, okuyinto ilula ngempela ukuxazulula.

Ukusebenzisa imithetho Kirchhoff, ungakwazi ukwenza kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi equation we-Aljibhra. Lesi simo lula uma wesifunda iqukethe izinto ezithile lesinesitfombe-sibuko, kulesi simo kungaba khona ISIZINDA nekhono efanayo futhi iketango legatsha enemisinga alinganayo, okuyinto lula kakhulu kwesibalo.

Isibonelo zasendulo lesi simo inkinga yokunquma amabutho samanje umumo cubic sakhiwa resistances ezifanayo. Ngu wesimethri wesifunda nekhono 2,3,6 amaphuzu, kanye 4,5,7 amaphuzu ziyafana, bona ingajoyinwa, ngoba akashintshi ngokoMthetho ukusatshalaliswa zamanje, kodwa kakhulu lula idayagramu. Ngakho, Kirchhoff umthetho ukuze circuit kagesi povolyaet kalula enze eziyinkimbinkimbi ukubala wesifunda DC.