Izinkomo Umkhiqizo wobisi: ikakhulukazi zokuzalela. ukukhiqizwa Izinkomo ubisi: rock

Ukuze umuntu ovamile, ayixhunyiwe nezolimo, inkomo ka yisiphi zohlobo - kungcono nje isilwane. Enye into - abalimi. Labo abenza zokuzalela nokukhulisa ka izinkomo ngoba ubisi, ukwazi inombolo yezici ezichaza izinkomo zohlobo yobisi. Nazi nenqubo main: a umbele esikhulu, umzimba side, imisipha ampofu.

Uhlolojikelele

Kunenqwaba izinhlobo zezinkomo. Kodwa nesidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke ngoba ukukhiqiza ubisi inkomo. zohlobo Holstein, Yaroslavl, asemaqeleni holmogorskaja ezimnyama nomhlophe kuyizinto ezivamile eRussia. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi ngamunye kunezinzuzo ezithile phezu kwabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube ubisi fat noma ubuningi bayo. Inyama yobisi zohlobo izinkomo ngekhwalithi Kuthi kunabayeni umkhiqizo eyatholakala kusukela Rnc ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngakho ungalindeli ukuthi u kuzo nzuzo enkulu e yemisipha.

Okuhlanganisiwe (inyama noma yobisi) ukuzalela izinkomo abahluke ngaso kwezinye izinhlobo izinkomo yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi. Sinenkosi kabili umkhiqizo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zilwane zingaphansi athuthukiswe kahle, ubisi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izinga inyama. Omunye wabo ungaboniswa ngokucace kakhudlwana. Base zibizwa noma nohlobo ubisi-inyama, noma inyama nobisi. Ziningi. ukuzalela izinkomo ukuze bathole inyama yobisi: Simmental, Bestuzhev, Schwyz, Kostroma nabanye. Kufanele ukuthi abalimi ngokuvamile ukukhetha lona dilution yabo Holdings zabo.

Holstein

It kubhekwa ezivamile phakathi kwezifuyo yobisi. Inani labantu base-lokhu zohlobo, mhlawumbe eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni. Izwe lakubo - eNetherlands, kodwa atholwe umthamo wayo elikhiqizayo, uye kakade wathola emazweni aseMelika.

Holstein yobisi zohlobo izinkomo abalimi esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa nezinye ngombala omnyama nomhlophe imivimbo wezinkomo. Lezi zilwane eCanada nase-United States ngqo ukuthuthukisa, libanxuse ukukhulisa amafutha anikeza nochichima.

Ngo amathole ekhula, kanye nokugcinwa ukunikeza izinkomo yasetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile, okuhloswe ngazo ekudaleni, yesimanje izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo avalele imfuyo. Ngakho, kula mazwe, inani elikhulu omnyama nomhlophe Rnc ihlukanisa kusukela kokuqala.

Kukholakala ukuthi ngcono Holstein yobisi zohlobo izinkomo azitholakalanga ngenxa ibhuloho, futhi zizalela okumsulwa. Ngakho-ke izilwane zihlukaniswa ukukhiqizwa ezinhle ubisi, usayizi esikhulu futhi nomthamo umbele. Akumangalisi ukuthi eziningi rekordistok udoyu phakathi izinkomo zohlobo hhayi kuphela.

izinkunzi Phila isisindo ngokuvamile in the uhla kusuka 950 kuya 1200, futhi izinkomo - kuze kufinyelele 700 kg. ITILOSI lishayela ozalwa esisindo kuze kufinyelele 47 kg, Dima - 5 kg kancane. Imibele yezinkomazi nezithole izinkomo noma inkomishi emise, noma ubhavu emise fomu. ubisi ukugeleza rate amabanga kusuka 3 kuya 3.5 kg iminithi elingu-1. Ngelanga kuzo, ungathola mayelana 60-65 kg ubisi lapho zisengwa kabili.

Yaroslavl zohlobo

Igama layo liyazikhulumela. Kwakuthinta ezifuywa e-XIX leminyaka esifundazweni Yaroslavl. Lokhu kwenziwa ukukhethwa the best zizalela izilwane ezivela izinkomo wendawo. Ngakolunye zinhlobo ungafakiwe kukho. Lokhu kufakazelwa yokuqala suit Yaroslavl yobisi zohlobo izinkomo, kanye wokuqukethwe Ingaphandle namanoni eliphezulu umkhiqizo okuholela. Izilwane eziningi yinike ubisi isivuno, ukufinyelela uphawu abayizinkulungwane 11. 600 kg ubisi ngonyaka. Ngo ezingaphezu kwesigamu ubisi Yaroslavl inkomo nge okuqukethwe amanoni 4% nangaphezulu.

zohlobo Kholmogory

Kwakuthinta ezifuywa ekhulwini XVII ku endaweni Arkhangelsk esifundeni by ukukhethwa kazwelonke. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi avalele zohlobo izinkomo holmogorskaja une-admixture we-Dutch Black Pied.

Izilwane athuthukiswe kahle. Isisindo esibaya lokuzalwa phakathi 30 futhi 35 kg. Ziyakwazi precocity ngempela. Isisindo izinkomo omdala kuhluka 530 kuya ku-580, nezinkunzi - 810-1000 kg. Isilinganiso ngokuzala amankonyane lokuqala luthatha ngezinyanga ezingu-30.

Ngokuzalanisa izitshalo wahlanganyela ukutshala Kholmogory zohlobo, kunqunywa isivuno ngokwesilinganiso izilwane zabo. Ngo-2004, eneminyaka engu-ubisi kg 5380 nge okuqukethwe amanoni 3.85% futhi umfutho umthelela 1.9 kg iminithi elingu-1.

Ukukhethwa Kholmogory zohlobo uyaqhubeka ngu zizalela okumsulwa ngegazi black-Motley Holstein. Injongo Ukuhlolwa - ngcono izinga kanye ubisi ezithela.

Red asemaqeleni zohlobo

It has zombili ngebuhle nebubi. Izimfanelo ezinhle zihlanganisa esihle acclimatization umthamo kanye Ukuphendula yokulungiswa ezinhle futhi yokudla. Ububi bayo okuqukethwe ongaphakeme namanoni ubisi, yokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni, ezicutshini abampofu futhi ezinye amaphutha Ingaphandle.

Abalimi abalimi, ngubani ongathanda ngcono obomvu asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo, kumelwe sizinake Ukukhetha ngikubhastelise. Ukuziphatha kumele sifane ubisi, futhi isisindo bukhoma. Udinga ukusebenza ukwandisa okuqukethwe e obisi namafutha.

Ikhwalithi umkhiqizo emapulazini ehlukene ihlukile kakhulu. lokucuketfwe fat Ubisi kungaba isukela 3.3 kuya 5.3%, okuyinto isidingo afeze ukukhethwa ezingcono kakhulu kule zohlobo ukhomba ngqo.

zohlobo Black ne-White

Lokhu inkomo othandwa kakhulu eRussia. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinkomo yobisi zohlobo omnyama nomhlophe bakwazi limethembe abalimi abaningi ngenxa umkhiqizo walo kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu kanye umthamo kuhle acclimatization.

Isiqu isilwane kancane welulela, kodwa ezilinganiselwe, a umbele ezinkulu. Umbala omnyama nomhlophe. Kodwa ngoba kukhona abanye umehluko izakhiwo imfuyo zendawo nezimo zemvelo, kanye ezingeni yokuzalanisa ezingamaduna, zohlobo ukuthi evezwe izinhlobo eziningana namaqembu. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokubukeka namafutha okuqukethwe ubisi udoyu.

Ngakho, abamnyama izinkomo nezimanakanaka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi of Russia laliqongelelwe ukweqa ostfrizskogo nezinkomo Dutch wasendaweni Yaroslavl holmogorskoj nezinkomazi. Futhi, zikhona izimpawu of ukungcola kanye shvitckoj izinhlobo Simmental. Lezi zilwane mikhulu. Izinkomo nesisindo 650, nezinkunzi - mayelana 1000 kg. Ubisi isivuno kuqhathaniswa high, kodwa namanje eliphansi kuya okuqukethwe amanoni namanye amaqembu.

zizalela Izici

Ngo nenkathi poslemolochny okuyinto Uthatha izinyanga 3-6 ku-24, kuye ngokuthi zohlobo, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa evamile nokukhula Dima, kokukhulelwa kwabo ngesikhathi esifanele, kanye kumiswa esiphezulu zabo ubisi umkhiqizo.

Babevame zihlukaniswe amaqembu yobudala: 6-9, 9-12, 12-18 nezinyanga 18-24. Iqembu ngalinye oluqukethwe ngaphandle leash e nezitebele zamahhashi on endaweni aklaba-egcekeni khulula ebanga noma igumbi udoti ezijulile ezingashintshi. Amanzi wumnikezeli esebenzisa abaphuza.

Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, Dima ngokuvamile ahamba amadlelo. Uma kukhona ukudla okwanele, bese kwenziwe umquba, okuyinto kufanele ibe eziningi zisetshenziswa kanye seeded oluhlaza utshani yonyaka, kanye ugxilisa. Ebusika, okuphakelayo kufanele kube nengxenye-ibhodi - ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukudla kufanele iqondiswa: 25-30% ugxilisa 40-45% 28-33% silage kanye hay. Kuyaguquka nokho ukudla izinga yobisi zohlobo izinkomo unika labo zinhlobo ngokuqondile ezifuywa zalo mkhiqizo.

Mangisho ukuthi ukutshala Dima intsha kulo lonke nezikhathi kudinga ukudalwa kwezimo ezifanele ukuzilondoloza kanye nokuncelisa. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka kakhulu neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni yohlobo edingekayo izinkomo nge high ubisi isivuno.

amanani

Growing izinkomo inyama noma ubisi - kuba ibhizinisi zinhle, zinosizo. Uma kunjalo lufakwa ekusakazeni ke akukho izinkinga esikhethekile umnikazi, akazange adale. Kodwa kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi izinkomo yobisi okuyiwona intengo kancane ephakeme kunaleyo for inyama, zidinga ukunakekelwa kakhulu.

Umsebenzi onjengalona kusikisela ukuthi umnikazi unolwazi olukhethekile namakhono. Kuyadingeka ukuba kahle nodaba benhlalakahle yezilwane ehlobo nasebusika isizini, kanjani futhi obani ukuze nginikeze ubisi inyama, yini okufanele uyenze nge umquba, lapho ukuthola ukudla, njalo njalo .. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe sikwazi ukuzwisisa izinhlobo izilwane nokwazi konke amanani. Ngokwesibonelo, avalele zohlobo izinkomo. intengo zabo ziyahlukahluka kusuka 40 kuya kwezingu-55. Futhi amajongosi angaba yizinkulungwane 25. ruble. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye yonke le mininingwane, ungakwazi uqhubekele ukufuya izinkomo atawutadishelwa.