Kanjani ukuze uthole isitifiketi kwabakhulelwe dolobha, futhi yini ubuqiniso bayo?

Imali yomndeni (MK) - ukwesekwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, okuhloselwe imindeni enezingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ukukhokhelwa "kwemali" kwenziwa ngezindleko ze-federal. Lolu hlelo luye lwasebenza kusukela ngo-2007.

Imali eyinhloko yomndeni izonikezwa kuphela kumnikazi wesitifiketi somuntu siqu esikhethekile, isikhathi esingagcini ngaso. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa isitifiketi somthamo womama akusho ukuthi kunini isikhathi.

Izinjongo zephrojekthi "Maternity Capital":

• Ukukhuthazwa kokukhula kwabantu;
• Ukusiza okubalulekile ekukhulisweni kwesizukulwane esincane;
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlalakahle yemikhaya enokukwazi ukukhokhela izindlu ezithengiwe.

Ilungelo lini lokuthola ukuphepha?

Ngaphambi kokuba uthole isitifiketi semali yokubeletha, noma kunalokho, ukuthi uyayithola, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi unelungelo lokwenza kanjalo. Ilungelo lokuthola lolu lusizo lwezezimali luqala ukusebenza ngemuva kokuba umndeni uzuze okungenani ingane yesibili.

Imali yokubeletha: kanjani ukuthola isitifiketi?

Njengoba usuvele uqonde, ukuze uthole ukwesekwa kwezezimali zikahulumeni, isitifiketi siyadingeka kuqala. Inqubo yokukhipha ingaphezu kokubala. Ngemuva kokuzalwa komzimba, abazali kumele babhalise ingane ebhokisini lokubhalisa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuze bathole isitifiketi sokuzalwa, baqede iphakheji lamadokhumenti edeskithophu yepasipoti endaweni yokuhlala yangempela noma imvume yokuhlala.

Ukukhishwa kwesitifiketi sezimali zokubeletha kwenziwa ngokususelwa ekufakweni kwemibhalo engenhla kanye nefomu lesicelo esikhethekile, kanye nepasipoti emnyangweni womhlaba wePensheni Fund yaseRussia (PFR), ongathintana nanoma isiphi isikhathi ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane.

Amadokhumenti esitifiketi (i-capital capital) ahloselwe isheke eliphelele ngabasebenzi beSikhwama sePensheni (okungenani izinsuku ezingu-30 emva kokuthunyelwa komfakisicelo). Futhi ngemuva kokuba lesi sheke sikhishwe idokhumenti eqinisekisiwe.

Izindlela zokubhalisa kwezokuphepha

• EsiKhwameni Sempesheni;
• Ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zeposi (kulokhu, isicelo kanye nawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo kufanele kubhalwe phansi ).

Iphakheji elidingekayo lamadokhumenti

Ukubhaliswa kwesitifiketi sezimali zokubeletha kwenziwa ngokufaka isicelo esiKhwameni Sempesheni uma kutholakala imibhalo elandelayo:

1. Isicelo sesitifiketi sezimali zokubeletha. Ifomu yesicelo isungulwa nguhulumeni Le fomu ingatholakala kwiSikhwama Sempesheni ngqo lapho ikhishwa isitifiketi bese uyigcwalisa endaweni noma ulande isicelo nge-intanethi bese uyiqoqa ekhaya.

2. Idokhumenti ekhomba umfakisicelo (ngokuvamile ipasipoti lomama omusha) nokufakazela ukuthi kukhona imvume yokuhlala ensimini yaseRussia.

3. Idokhumenti efakazela ukuthi kukhona umshuwalense wempesheni odingekayo.

4. Imibhalo eqinisekisa ubuzwe baseRussia.

Isitifiketi sokubeletha somntwana noma isinqumo seziphathimandla zokwahlulela mayelana nokwamukelwa kwezingane.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthole isitifiketi sezindleko zokubeletha, kufanele uthathe isinqumo sokuthi uzosebenzisa kanjani imali engekho imali, ngoba kulesi sicelo esithunyelwe ku-FIU, lolu lwazi luzodinga ukucaciswa. Futhi uma lokhu kwenziwa ngokusheshisa, ukukhombisa izibalo ezingafanele, khona-ke isicelo sesicelo sokuhlelwa kwezimali zemali yomzali angeke samukelwe.

Ubani ongalindela ukuthola iMK?

Isakhamuzi saseRussia kanye nomfokazi ohlala eRussia banelungelo lokuthola imali enkulu yokubeletha. Indlela yokuthola isitifiketi, sesivele siyicabangile, manje ake sibone ukuthi ngubani futhi ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezithile ezingazenza njengezifundo zesenzo "Umama Oyinhloko".

• Umuntu wesifazane oyisakhamuzi saseRussia owabeletha noma waba ngumama osamukelayo wesibini, wesithathu, wesine, wesihlanu, njll njll emva komhlaka 01.01.2007;
• Umuntu wesilisa onomakhelwane waseRussia osebenza njengomzali owodwa wokutholwa wezingane ezilandelayo kanye nezalandela, uma isinqumo senkantolo esifanele senziwa ngokomthetho kusukela ngo 01.01.2007;
• Ubaba wengane (owomdabu noma owamukelwayo) ongenalo ilungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia, uma kuqedwa ilungelo lokumxhasa ukusekelwa kwezimali ngowesifazane owabeletha ingane (ingane eyamukelwa), ngenxa yokuthi, ukufa, ukunqotshwa kwamalungelo kumntanami, emva kokuzalwa kwalolo lungelo Kwavela, ikhomishana yezenzo zobugebengu, into eyayiyingane;
• Ingane engakafiki eminyakeni yobudala, noma umfundi ogcwele isikhathi sakhe esingadluli eminyakeni engama-23, uma kwenzeka ukukhanselwa ilungelo lokuncedisa ngokwezezimali kwezezimali kumzali (umzali osamukelayo) noma umama (umlingisi) obengabazali kuphela.

Imigomo yokukhishwa

Ukwamukela isitifiketi semali yokubeletha kungenzeka kuphela uma kunezidingo eziningi ezigcwaliseka:

• Inombolo yezingane emndenini ingambili noma ngaphezulu;
• Awekho amaqiniso ekusetshenzisweni kwamalungelo ezengeziwe nezinzuzo ezengeziwe ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa izimo zokuphila, ukuthola izinsizakalo zemfundo, ukukhulisa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi;
• Ukuba khona kwezakhamuzi zaseRussia kumama kanye nezingane ezizelwe kuyimpoqo;
• Abazali bomntwana abanazo izinsolo zokulwa nobugebengu ezibhekiswe ezinganeni;
• Ukuba khona kwamalungelo omzali ezinganeni zabo - kunesibopho;
• Ingane yengane ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo egatsheni lendawo ye-FIU - okungenani ngesonto ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Njengamanje, isitifiketi sezimali zokubeletha sikhishwa ensimini yeRussia Federation, isampula yayo esethulwa ngezansi.

Izizathu, phambi kokukhishwa komqulu oqinisekisiwe

• Ukungafani phakathi kolwazi olunikezwe isicelo, iqiniso.
• Kukhona iqiniso lokuvinjelwa kwamalungelo omzali ngumfakisicelo kumntwana wokuqala.
• Umzamo wokuthola izimali zokubeletha okwesibili.
• Ukuqedwa kwesikhathi samalungelo omfakisicelo wemali yomndeni (noma ukungabikho okuphelele) njengengxenye eyengeziwe yokusekela impahla evela kuhulumeni.

Uma iziphathimandla ze-FIU zinqume ukunganelisi isicelo sokukhishwa kwe-MC, ungayeki - udinga ukulwa. Kukhona amacala lapho ilungelo lokuthola isitifikedi sombuso sezindleko zokubeletha kuboniswa ngesehhovisi lomshushisi. Icala ngalinye lingumuntu ngamunye, isicelo ngasinye sincatshangwa ngasese, ngakho-ke uma wenqatshelwe okokuqala, thola isizathu bese ufaka isicelo kanye nawo wonke amadokhumenti ahlobene ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi uma uphinde uphonswe, thintana neziphathimandla eziphezulu kanye nobulungiswa.

Izinkokhelo: ukushintsha kwesikhathi

Unyaka nonyaka, inani lemali yomndeni lingashintsha.

Ikhokhelwe kuye ngokuthi isimo sezomnotho ezweni kanye nezinga lokukhuphuka kwemali.

Cabanga ngezinga lokulinganisa kanye nenani lemali yomndeni ngeminyaka, kusukela ngonyaka wokwethulwa kohlelo.

AmaDynamics wezinguquko ngobukhulu be-MC ngonyaka
I-Period	Izinga lokukhomba	Usayizi we-MK
2007	-	Ama-ruble angu-250.0 ayizinkulungwane.
2008 ngonyaka	10.5%	Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-276,250.
Unyaka ka-2009	13.0%	Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-312 162.
Unyaka ka-2010	10.0%	Ama-ruble angu-343 378 ayizinkulungwane.
Unyaka ka-2011	6.5%	Ama-ruble angu-365,698 ayizinkulungwane.
Ngonyaka ka-2012	6.0%	Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-387,640.
Unyaka ka-2013	5.5%	Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-408 960.
2014 ngonyaka	5.0%	Ama-ruble angu-429,408 ayizinkulungwane.
2015	5.0%	Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-450.878.

Indlela yokusebenzisa

Imali yamamama njengesekelo lombuso ivikelwe ngumthetho, ngokuhambisana nokuthi indlela yokusebenzisa usizo lwezezimali isetshenziswa kanjani. Umgomo oholela kulokhu kuwukukhishwa kwamathuba okukhwabanisa imali, ukukhwabanisa nokuxhashazwa kwezingane ezifweni zezimoto, kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenzisa izimali ze-MC. Ukuqhutshwa kwesenzo somthetho, uma isitifiketi somholo (umndeni) somndeni sitholwa, kufanele sisetshenziswe ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2009, ngokucabangela isimo esibucayi emkhakheni wezomnotho wezwe, umbuso wanikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa i-MC ukukhokhela izibopho zemali mboleko esikhwameni semali ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi.

Umthetho uhlinzekela izindawo eziningana lapho ungasebenzisa khona izimali zesitifiketi esingenayo imali.

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuphila. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi imali yomndeni ingasetshenziswa ekuthengeni izindlu noma ukwakhiwa kwayo.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokwenza imali yokubuyisela izibopho zemali mboleko ngaphansi kohlelo lokuthenga impahla noma imali ebolekwa ngemali yokuthenga izindlu, nokubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zokwakha. Kulesi simo, lezi zimo ezilandelayo kumele zigcinwe:

- Izindlu ezithengiwe, noma izindlu, ezakhiwa, kufanele zitholwe ngaphakathi kwezwe laseRussia;

- Imali mboleko yokubolekwa kwempahla kumele ikhishwe ngaphandle komunye wabashade, kodwa kokubili.

Insizakalo yombuso ongenasidingo ivumelekile ukuthi ikhokhwe njengenkokhelo yokuqala yokubolekwa kwemali, ukukhokhelwa kwezibopho zemali noma njengemali eyengeziwe yokuthenga izindlu. Lapho imali izohamba khona kuwe. Uma usuvele uthenge indlu, futhi kuyinto yokubolekwa kwemali yokuboleka imali, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwenza i-MK njengomnikelo kuncike esikhungweni sebhange kuphela ngesisekelo somuntu siqu. Kungase kube khona ezinye izinkinga.

2. Ukukhokhelwa kwezinsizakalo zemfundo eyodwa noma izingane eziningana. I-capital maternity ingenza njengesiqiniseko semfundo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu oyedwa nabo bonke abantwana emndenini banethuba lokuba isazi esiqinisekisiwe.

Izimfuneko okumele zigcinwe:

- isikhungo semfundo kufanele sitholakale ngaphakathi kwezwe;

- isikhungo semfundo kufanele sibe nezinga elifanele lokugunyazwa;

- isigaba sobudala sabangena kufanele singabelungu "25+".

Isitifiketi sezinhloso zemfundo singasetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho kudinga isidingo esinjalo.

Ngokuphathelene nesikhungo semfundo, ukhetho lubanzi ngokwanele:

• Isikole esiphakeme;
• Isikole sobuchwepheshe;
• I-Gymnasium;
• Ukusungulwa kwesikole;
• Ikholeji;
• Isenkulisa yezingane.

Amadokhumenti esitifiketi (imali yokubeletha), uma ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kokusiza ngezimali ukuthola izinsiza zemfundo, okulandelayo kuyadingeka:

• Isitatimende sosizo lwezezimali ngokubhala;
• Isitifiketi se-MK;
• Idokhumenti efakazela ukuthi kukhona umshuwalense wempesheni okudingekayo kumuntu obambe isitifiketi;
• Ikhophi eqinisekisiwe yenkontileka yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zemfundo yinye noma esinye isikhungo sezemfundo ngesisekelo esikhokhelwayo;
• Inkontileka yokuqasha isikhala esiphila ehostele ngokuhlonza izinkokhelo zenyanga kanye nezindleko eziphelele zokuphila isikhathi sonke sokufunda kanye nokukhokha isikhathi;
• Idokhumenti eqinisekisa ukuhlala kwangempela komfundi emkhatsini weziko lemfundo (isitifiketi);
• Inkontileka yokugcinwa kwengane esenkulisa (uma ikhokha ukugcinwa kwemvuthu enkulisa).

3. Ukwandisa ingxenye yokuqoqwa kwempesheni yabomama. Kusho i-MK ingabandakanyeka njengengxenye eyinxenye yempesheni yabesifazane. Kulesi simo, izimali zingaphansi kokufakwa esikhwameni sesempesheni.

Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukuchitha i-MC yokukhokhwa nokukhokhelwa kwemali ngokwesilinganiso esifanayo, inani losizo lukahulumeni lihlukaniswe kabili futhi lidluliselwa yiSikhwama sePensheni ngokuhambisana nemininingwane ecacisiwe kwisicelo. Lapho imali yemithombo yesibonelelo sezwe sesivele isetshenzisiwe ngokugcwele, i-FIU iyavuma ukwazisa umnini wesitifiketi sokuqedwa kwelungelo lokusekelwa kwezwe.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi indlela yokusebenzisa imindeni yomndeni yilapho kudala ingxenye ehlangene yokuhlomula kwempesheni yomsebenzi wokubeletha, iphakheji lamaphepha kufanele libe nalokhu:

• Isitatimende-oda, okuzoqukatha ulwazi ngezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa izimali ze-MC;
• Idokhumenti eqinisekisa ilungelo lokuchaza usizo lwezezimali - isitifiketi;
• Amadokhumenti ekhomba ukuthi ungubani futhi eqinisekisa ukuhlala komnikazi wedokhumenti eqinisekisiwe.

Ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa imali futhi uyinqume ezindaweni ezikhethiwe, kufanele uphinde uxhumane ne-FIU uphinde ufake isicelo sokulahlwa kwe-MC.

Ungakhipha kanjani isitifiketi semali yokubeletha noma uyithengise?

Akunakwenzeka ukuphuma futhi uthengise imali enkulu yokubeletha. Lokhu kuvunyelwe ezingeni lezomthetho, ngokuqondile, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-MCs ngokukhipha imali. Naphezu kwalokhu, kungcono ukuhlangabezana nesimemezelo sokuthengwa kwemali yomndeni. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuhlelwe ukuqhuba ukuthengiselana okukhohlisayo ngokuthengwa kwezindlu zangempela, lapho omunye wabaphikisana nesivumelwano esiyisihlobo noma umngane womndeni.

Izenzo ezinjalo zibhekwa njengobunkohliso futhi zibandakanya abahlanganyeli enkontileka yokuthengisa enecala.

Muva nje, kunamacala uma inhloko yomndeni isetshenziselwa ukukhokha imali yokubolekwa kwemali mboleko ngokusebenzisa abaqondisi. Kufanele uqaphele uma behlinzeka ngesilinganiso senzalo esinqabelayo kancane futhi ukukhula okungenani kwe-MC.

Ngonyaka ka-2009, ukhetho lokukhokha imali luvele luvele. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba isitifiketi (i-capital-maternity capital) sithengiswe, kwakudingeka silindele ukungena kokusebenza kwesichibiyelo, esasungulwa emthethweni ngenxa yesimo esibucayi ezweni. Ngokuhambisana nemibono emisha, bonke abanikazi besitifiketi bangase bancike ekukhokheni okukodwa okuvela enkonzweni yama-federal ngemali eyi-12,000 rublekhi. Kodwa lokhu kuyinkinga evamile.

Isimiso cashless ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili wombuso aid, okuyinto senzelwe omama - omunye izinhlobo usizo olunjalo yilona dolobha umzali. isitifiketi sokuzalwa uhlobo lwesibili of ukwesekwa federal, futhi ayikwazi cashing futhi kabusha.

Umkhawulo isikhathi imindeni emikhulu ukuze kusekelwe imisebenzi Uhlelo

I "inhlokodolobha umndeni" usebenza eRussia kusukela ngo-2007. Kuyo yonke le ndawo yayikhona, iphrojekthi ehlelekile yethulwa izichibiyelo, izilungiso yandiswe. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi uhlelo ezosebenza kuze 31,12. 2016 UHulumeni iziphathimandla Russian Federation kaningi sisho inhloso yabo uxolela 2025 uma kucatshangelwa ukusebenza. Kodwa okwamanje uhlelo iphela, le 31.12.2016, ie isitifiketi kwabakhulelwe dolobha bangase leyo mikhaya, kwaqedwa esenziwa kuze kube 01/01/2017, le

Yeka izinguquko ezibe khona phezu kohlelo 2015?

Ngo-2015, uhlelo kokusebenzisa dolobha umndeni ezinye izichibiyelo yandiswe enziwa, owawuthi:

• ingxenye ethile usizo okubhekiswe emindenini nezingane 3 noma ngaphezulu, iyatholakala cashing phandle;
• ezikhathini ukuntengantenga komnotho omama alufanelekele MC, ungathola imali ruble 20 000;
• iqhaza komfakisicelo kungavunyelwe MK ezikhungweni microfinance;
• qinisa izimo credit umhlanganyeli wokubambisana bangalindela ngaphansi kwazo ukuthola usizo abahlosiwe zezimali.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

• Kanjani ukuze uthole isitifiketi dolobha womama, uma umndeni unengane eyodwa?

Ilungelo lokuthola izibambiso babe nemindeni kuphela lapho izingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma umndeni unengane eyodwa, isimo usizo lwezimali kungafanele.

• Kanjani ukuze uthole isitifiketi kwabakhulelwe capital isizwe?

Ngakwesokudla ukwamukela MC isigcwaliseke kowezizwe yesikhwama sempesheni kumele uhambise i-passport ka isakhamuzi angaphandle kanye esinikezwe imvume yokuba yisakhamuzi, isitifiketi sokuzalwa noma ezinye ubufakazi okuqondene yisakhamuzi Russian ingane.

• Ingabe kukhona izindlela lapho ukukhipha isitifiketi (inhlokodolobha womama), uma izimo unganelisekile, okwakwenzelwa kulo ilungelo lokuthola MC?

Cha Uma engahlonishwa izidingo eziyisisekelo sokubhalisa isitifiketi kuya MC ke irisidi yayo ayikwazi kubhekwe. Ngemizimba FIU senqabe ukwanelisa isicelo.

• Abahlala emaphandleni kumfakisicelo inhlokodolobha womama lapho ukuze uthole isitifiketi?

Ukulungiselela kanye Ukukhishwa izitifiketi MK wahlanganyela Pension Fund. Kufanele uxhumane nehhovisi eliseduze wesifunda FIU.

• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma isitifiketi elahlekile?

Ukulahlekelwa isitifiketi MC akusho ukuqedwa ilungelo lokuthola wombuso aid. Kufanele uthintane noMnyango Pension Fund lendawo ohlala futhi ukuthola iyimpinda idokhumenti.

• Ukuhlola ngokuqinisekisa capital umndeni inkulumo ethi "ukuphila eshalofini" isitifiketi kuya MC - ungomunye futhi okufanayo noma cha?

Cha, lawa imibono ehlukene. Ubuqiniso womama dolobha - a ukusebenza itemu federal iphrojekthi "inhlokodolobha sikanina ', okuyinto okwamanje oluhambisana iminyaka 2007-2016. Igama elithi ka yiqiniso kwalesi isitifiketi MC akanamkhawulo - uthole wombuso aid can ubani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaki izinsuku, izinyanga noma iminyaka, esezele ingane. esinqunyiwe kuphela isikhawu ukuba kokuzalwa komntwana yesibili futhi okwalandela noma afeze inqubo yokutholwa njengendodana.

• Indlela yokwenza ilungelo dolobha womama (lapho ukuze eqinisekisiwe, futhi ungakwenza kanjani lokho), uma ngingumuntu phesheya okwesikhashana?

Thola isitifiketi MC futhi ungakwazi emva Lapho ngifika ekhaya, into esemqoka ukuthi ingane yazalwa noma bamukela ngesikhathi wokusebenza zohlelo, "inhlokodolobha sikanina '. Kodwa udaba nokuwenza, unga kuphela endaweni ye-Russian Federation ukuze ehhovisi FIU endaweni yokuhlala noma ukubhaliswa.

• Lapho udinga isicelo imali eyengeziwe etholakalayo ngaphansi project "inhlokodolobha sikanina '?

Isitatimende okuyinto ekhombise isiqondiso somzali yokuqhuba umsebenzi, kuyakuba imizimba Pension Fund kwegatsha indawo ngemuva kokuthi ingane ifinyelele eminyakeni engu 3 (oneminyaka emithathu term kuyokwenzeka, noma kusukela ngosuku lokwamukelwa).

• Ingabe ngichitha inhlokodolobha womama lokufeza Okuqondiwe amaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo?

Yebo, ungakwazi. Imigomo yokusetshenziswa dolobha umndeni imali kwakuhilelani njengoba omunye izindawo target (izindlu, imfundo noma impesheni) iphelele noma ingxenye ku ngamunye wabo. Lapho uzobe wachitha kanye izindlela lapho isabelo isilinganiso kuncike kuphela umnikazi isitifiketi.

• Uma womama dolobha izimali asetshenziselwa ukuthola impahla lapho umdayisi uyithathaphi imali?

Imali abhadalela umdayisi ubala Pension Fund zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili emva nokufakwa isicelo ehambisana, lobeka isiqondiso ngokukhwabanisa capital izimali.