Kuyini ezithakazelisayo Turan elisezansi. ezingwadule zayo, imifula kanye namachibi

elisezansi Turan - omunye ezifundeni ezithakazelisa kakhulu Kazakhstan futhi Asia Ephakathi. Uma okwamanje welulela yolwandle olukhulu, izinsalela okuyizinto iCaspian yesimanje kanye ne-Aral Sea. Okwamanje, it is a plain enkulu, lapho insimu kuhlala ogwadule Karakum, Kyzylkum nabanye.

Likuphi Turan elisezansi

Ziya ngokuya kule ndawo incike indawo. elisezansi Turan itholakala ensimini ka uthi ezintathu eNgophezukonke - Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan naseKazakhstan. I isiqondiso enyakatho naseningizimu ubabonisa elisezansi ayizinkulungwane 1.6 amakhilomitha kanye isiqondiso entshonalanga empumalanga - .. On eziyinkulungwane amakhilomitha, bangazihluphi indawo enkulu.

igama esifundeni lisuselwe elithi "Turan", "izwe" izinkambo. Leli gama kulotshwe incwadi engcwele namaZoroaster - Avesta, obuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni 1000 BC. Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi "izinkambo" - a aria asemaqeleni.

Lesi sifunda siyindawo ocebile amaminerali (uwoyela, igesi, igolide, i-sulphur, njll) kabanzi athuthukile imfuyo tisimu.

impumuzo

Relief Turan elisezansi ikakhulukazi kunalokho uhlamvu mnene, izinguquko ekuphakameni kuncane. Nokho, lapha emathafeni eyayihambisana awalethe eziningi futhi ayimigodi. Iphuzu oluphansi lingu ehlanzeni Karagiye, engamamitha okuyinto - lokususa 132 amamitha (ngezansi kolwandle), futhi iphuzu esiphezulu - Mount Tamdytau (0.922 km).

Engamamitha isilinganiso esifundeni 200-300 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Le ndawo ephakeme kakhulu Turan elisezansi iyona Kyzylkum ehlane ngesilinganiso engamamitha 0.388 km. Ezikhathini zasendulo, Turan elisezansi esikhulu phakathi nezwe kolwandle phansi, izinsalela lapho namuhla kukhona Aral futhi iziLwandle iCaspian.

Kyzylkum ehlane, embozwe Karakum Sands nge aeolian landscape evelele. Lapha ungajabulela kwezihlabathi inamagquma, izindunduma futhi amagquma.

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo esifundeni ngokucijile yezwekazi futhi ehlane, kunqunywa izici ngokwezindawo zomhlaba. Okokuqala, Turan Eliphansi itholakala enkabeni yaleli zwekazi. Ngezinye amabanga amade uma liya olwandle futhi ezimanzi umoya. Okwesibili, kusukela eningizimu futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga izinkomba Turan elisezansi elinganiselwe izithiyo entabeni ukuthi buthaka afundwa emoyeni mass.

Konke lokhu kwenza esifundeni ezomile kakhulu wamboza izingxenye ezinkulu ehlane. Kulokhu, a kwezulu enyakatho naseningizimu ivame ukuba wehlise, kanye amplitude we lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni iyakhula.

Uhlelo emfuleni endaweni

Ngenxa izici zezulu emfuleni inethiwekhi zesifunda ayiqondakali athuthukile, emelelwe ngokuyinhloko imifula Syr Darya futhi Amu Darya thutheleka fula ku-Aral Sea. Ke, ngesikhathi - empeleni echibini Turan elisezansi. Futhi ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo wezolimo ziyancipha kakhulu ukugeleza Amudarya futhi Syrdarya - wacishe wama, okubangela kancane Ukoma kwemithombo Aral Sea futhi eziningi izinkinga zemvelo. Turan elisezansi emfuleni Syrdarya sihlukanisa indawo ibe izingxenye ezimbili ukungalingani - nasenyakatho naseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwemifula emibili mikhulu, phezu Turan emathafeni ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga - enyakatho-ntshonalanga amanga embhedeni esishwabene lomfula Uzboi.

Karakum

I Karakum ehlane ( "Sands abamnyama") oluthatha indawo enkulukazi ayizinkulungwane 350 square metres. km. Umsuka igama, mhlawumbe ngenxa izimila ehlobo ilahlekelwa nombala oluhlaza. Futhi zesihlabathi abizwa ngokuthi Ak-Kum ( "isihlabathi esimhlophe"). Karakum namanje eyaziwa ngokuba isihlabathi yako etholakala Ethempelini City Gonur Depe, lapha ekhulekela umlilo.

Ugwadule yomile kakhulu futhi cishe kuwo. Ngonyaka lapha uwela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene 60-150 mm imvula, futhi iningi lazo wabo (70%) ewela phakathi nenkathi ebandayo. Kushisa kakhulu ehlobo, izinga lokushisa kwezinye izingxenye antante 50 ^0, futhi isihlabathi ngokwayo ukufuthelana 80, okwenza ukuhamba eshaya ngoCetshwayo kuso akunakwenzeka. Ebusika kukhona yesithwathwa ezinzima, ngesinye isikhathi thermometer lehla ngezansi 30 ⁰ Celsius.

Naphezu isimo sezulu esibi ehlane kangakanani izilwane eziningi ekhaya - ufudu, Wild, namagundane ehlukahlukene, ofezela, izinyoka, njll Esikhathini enyakatho iqhaza ubumba ogwadule saigas Turan elisezansi bukhoma nezinyamazane. Mhlawumbe isici esikhanga kakhulu nge esogwadule kuyinto wentaba enhle Darwaza, okuyinto bendawo uqhathanise le umnyango esihogweni. Iqiniso liwukuthi emva imishini akuphumelelanga futhi umshini imishini falling ngokusebenzisa phansi ngaphanzi komhlaba wakhuphukela igesi, basabisa nangokuthi ubuthi imizana eseduze. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kwanqunywa ukuba kokhela igesi. Ngakho uvutha 60m uphondo ukuphakama ilangabi lokweqa ke ngezinye izikhathi idlula 10 metres.

Kyzylkum

Lona endaweni ngobukhulu ehlane e-Asia Ephakathi. Ensimini ka Kazakhstan yesimanje kuphela esigabeni yayo enyakatho.

Desert, ogama lakhe lingase lihunyushwe ngokuthi "isihlabathi elibomvu", etholakala ephakathi kwemifula Amu Darya futhi Syr Darya. Sands yayo ngempela abe luhlaza ngokubomvu. Bona umsuka aeolian futhi anesihlabathi, kukhona Paleogene ubudala. Ugwadule ithatha 300,000 amakhilomitha square. Endless Sands is okufakwe lapha nge izintaba outlier encane (esingaphansi ikhilomitha ukuphakama). Amapheshana isihlabathi ezakhiwe umoya, ngezinye izikhathi zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-75 amamitha.

Ngokungafani udade yayo Turan (Karakum), Kyzylkum ingaphezu esihle ekuphileni. Lapha ziklaba nezinkabi sibonga amanzi Artesian kusukela Syr Darya futhi isiteshi kwezinye izindawo ukuphatha ukuthola isivuno elayisi, amagilebhisi izithelo.