Aral Sea: inkinga enkulu global

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ekuqaleni sixties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ne-Aral Sea Kwaba echibini sesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Konke lokhu kwaqala i amanzi umdlalo okunzulu ukunisela ukotini kanye elayisi amasimu kusukela nemifula ingenisa khona ne-Aral Sea - Amu Darya futhi Syr Darya, ukuthi kuyehla kube iphuzu ezibucayi ngokugcwalisa kolwandle. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-sixties ekuseni, wethulwa engelapheki kakade ubuyisele emuva inqubo omiswe ... Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le nkinga Aral Sea.

Ngo-1989, ne-Aral Sea ahlukaniselwe Echibini amabili angawodwa - South ne-Aral Sea, kungokwalabo Uzbekistan naseNyakatho Aral Sea - Kazakhstan. Ngu 1996 ilahlekelwe ¾ yevolumu yayo yamanzi, futhi ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi izakhamizi ephoqeleka ukuba ashiye izindlela ndawo. K 2003 - umthamo wamanzi kwaba% mayelana 10 kuphela, futhi surface area yayo - cishe ikota yebahlali original. Ugu is ezisithekile 100-150km, usawoti liye landa izikhathi ezimbili nesigamu. Kwakheka endaweni kanye ekujuleni kolwandle isihlabathi nethafa nosawoti, indawo 38.000 km2, iye okuthiwa Aralkum.

Ngemva kokuya ulwandle wahlala ezomile ulwandle luqala ukujula kakhulu, embozwe usawoti imali kanye amakhemikhali wezolimo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane wageza off ngesikhathi kanye namasimu wendawo. Njalo uthuli iziphepho, evamile ehlane, thatha konke emoyeni bese zisakazwa ensimini enkulu. Uthuli ngokuvamile bahambe amabanga kuze kube 700-800km futhi ufinyelele of enjalo izifunda Russian njengoba eChelyabinsk Orenburg izifunda. Ukuhogela uthuli ezinesihlungu enjalo kubukela impilo zabantu, kunciphisa amasosha omzimba, okuholela komzimba kanye nezinye izifo eziningi eziyingozi. Bendzawo, njengoba kufakazelwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, ohlushwa ukusakazeka kwezifo zokuphefumula, iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla, umdlavuza emphinjeni nomphimbo, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni. Ezifo izinso, izifo iso futhi isibindi.

Aral Sea yake abacebe kwasolwandle umphakeli. Manje ezingeni usawoti kuwo mkhulu kangaka ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi abaye bafa. Isakhamuzi ezivamile eminyakeni yamuva, kukhona lihlala a i-turbot Black Sea, amazwe 70s, okuyinto ingashintshwa kakhulu ekuphileni emanzini olwandle anosawoti omningi, kodwa ngo-2003 kwadingeka zinyamalele eseneminyaka: i-usawoti emanzini kuyinto izikhathi 2-4 ephakeme kunaleyo kwaba evamile ngoba ulwandle lwalo ULwesithathu. Nezicubu manje kuvuna izinhlanzi ngokuvamile abonise liphezulu kakhulu izinga zinambuzane futhi ngokwemvelo sithinta impilo priaraltsev. Ukudoba nokucubungula umkhakha luqede sabantu uhlala ngaphandle umsebenzi ...

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo ka -Aral Sea abathintekayo hhayi kuphela esifundeni Aral Sea. Ebusweni omisiwe lenzelwa ngonyaka Amathani ayizinkulungwane 100. Usawoti nothuli kusukela admixture we ubuthi ezahlukene futhi amakhemikhali ezingaphezu kuka, nethonya eyinhlekelele phezu nxazonke ophilayo. Thuthukisa umphumela ukungcola lula yokuthi Aral Sea itholakala endleleni indiza ekusakazeni enamandla emoyeni okuyinto kusiza ukususwa uthuli kuleli okusezingeni eliphezulu izingqimba ebangelwa umkhathi, ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi iminonjana usawoti ageleza ebonwe Europe ngisho (ngubani nje nempela owayeke wacabanga!) E-Arctic Ocean .

Nge ukwehlisa izinga yamanzi Aral kwehlisa komhlaba ezingeni futhi kunonophisa luhlelo eshaqisayo yokuba ugwadule ezizungezile sezwe. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990, esikhundleni aluhlaza nezihlahla oluhlaza, izihlahla kanye namakhambi zibonakala lapha izitshalo kuphela ezingavamile imishayo (Halophyte futhi Xerophytes) ingashintshwa ukuze ome futhi nosawoti nenhlabathi. Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle nezinyoni, ngokwenza kanjalo, wayelokhu akukho ngaphezu kwesigamu zilwane bomdabu. Isimo sezulu ngaphakathi 100 ikhilomitha indawo esogwini okwakwakhiwe yokuqala washintsha ebusika kwaba ehlobo ukubanda - ibavuthela kwehle izinga umswakama, okuyinto Yiqiniso, abathintekayo inani kwezulu phathelana kaningi waphawula nesomiso kanye izimila isikhathi kwehle.

Ukucekela imvelo kungaba fast kakhulu, futhi ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo - inqubo ziningi futhi zaba nzima. Qedela ukubuyiselwa ne-Aral Sea, maye, engasakwazi, kodwa imizamo kwenziwa (futhi wenza imizamo) nokuvulwa enyakatho - Small Aral. UHulumeni Kazakhstan ngosizo we-World Bank uthatha izinyathelo ngcono izinga yayo amanzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ophelelwa amandla awo.