Listeriosis - kuyini? Listeriosis - Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa, Prevention

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu isifo ovamile namuhla ibhekwa njengempophoma listeriosis. Kuyini lokhu? Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi lesi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa uyini imbangela yayo? Yini izimpawu eziyinhloko kuhambisana? Zikhona izindlela eziphumelelayo of ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ngandlela-thile ukuba bazivikele? Lolu lwazi kuyoba usizo wonke umuntu.

Listeriosis - kuyini?

Listeriosis yisifo esithathelanayo. Kwezokwelapha it is amagama ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nevrellez, isifo eyaziwa oMfula iTigrisi, listerellez nokunye. D. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma igciwane isifo enjalo ngokuyinhloko kuthinta uhlelo lymph nezicubu sezinzwa.

I-ejenti lokuqala isifo achazwa 1911 by S. Halfesom. Ngo-1926, ososayensi eCambridge University (labacwaningi elaliholwa J. Murray) aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukuhlonza ejenti causative kwezicubu, thatha iziguli Guinea izingulube onogwaja.

Kakade ngo-1927 ngamcela igama Piri iqembu elisanda kutholakala microorganism Listeria (Listeria) behlonipha usosayensi D. Lister, owake wafundelwa ubunjalo wetifo eNingizimu Afrika. Futhi kakade ngo-1929, lwegciwane ahlukanisa kusukela izicubu womuntu.

incazelo emfushane lwegciwane

Listeria - bacterium induku emise, elingelakwaJuda iqembu anaerobes facultative. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le umzimba olumelana imvelo bangaphandle. Listeria uyakwazi lande amanzi enhlabathini bese izitshalo noma efile isilwane cadavers. Lezi amabhaktheriya kalula ukubekezelela okokuqandisa. Ngisho ngaphansi elangeni Listeria ungakwazi ukugcina ikhono ikhono siphile amasonto amabili.

ukudluliswa endleleni

Yiqiniso, inkinga yokudlulisela ukutheleleka zaphetha ngokwanele efanele. Njengoba sekushiwo, Listeria - nezilwanyana ezincane sasivumela esimile lingaphila ngaphandle aphethe isikhathi eside.

Ngakho ungakuthola kanjani lesi sifo? Eqinisweni, indlela ukutheleleka zingahluka - kuba isifutho, futhi fecal-zemibuzo nezimpendulo transplacental. Umthombo pathogen kungenziwa umuntu sifo, ngoba ama-bacterium abizwa excreted ne indle, ngamathe, isidoda kanye nezinye izinto eziwuketshezi. Futhi yokudlulisela kungenzeka ukutheleleka kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukulethwa noma ukuncelisa ibele.

Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa inyama noma ogulayo imikhiqizo yezilwane. Eqinisweni, listeriosis isilwane akuyona into engavamile. Kodwa leli gciwane lingase awela umzimba wabo, ngisho amanzi. Iningi ukungenwa yizifo yenkukhu nezilwane, nakuba ngokuvamile abathwali listeria ezincelisayo zasendle (raccoon, namagundane, izimpungushe, izilwane ayabulala), kanye nenhlanzi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutheleleka zomzimba womuntu zingase zenzeke ngesikhathi ukungenisa amanzi angcolile noma ezingahlanjiwe imifino kanye nezithelo.

Ingabe ikhona ingozi?

Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi ukutheleleka itholiwe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu futhi, yebo, akuve kuvamile ukuba kwamanye amazwe. Ngo umzimba evamile yomuntu ephile kahle hhayi kakhulu nokuzwelana ezihlukahlukene ukutheleleka. Noma kunjalo, lona lelo qembu ubungozi kufanele kubandakanye abantu abasebenza emkhakheni nemfuyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndaba kubaluleke kakhulu kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Listeriosis e abantu nge ukumelana encishisiwe sitholakale kaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, lolu hlobo lengculaza abesifazane abakhulelwe usengozini, izinsana kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i lihlanganise khona umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela noma izilonda kohlelo excretory. Eminye imithi ukuthi ukucindezela umsebenzi ka izivikeli mzimba zingakwazi futhi ukwandisa ezifweni ukuze Listeria. Futhi namanje abasengozini bahlanganisa iziguli immunocompromised.

By the way, amasosha omzimba kule ukutheleleka futhi kukhiqizwa - omunye ukuthola ukusuka umuntu kungaba ungenwe futhi.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe futhi pathogenesis

Listeria ingena emzimbeni nolwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana wokugaya ukudla, okungenani - ngokusebenzisa imifantu esikhumbeni. Yingakho izilokazane ezincane kanye negazi akunakulidla zasakazekela umzimba. Ngokuvamile, basuke imali e-lymph, lapho aqala ukuba ngenkuthalo ziyanda, okuholela ukuvuvukala.

By the way, Listeria akwazi ukungena ngaphakathi amhlophe egazi macrophage amaseli. Lapha basuke simaskwe kusukela namasosha omzimba futhi babe uyavikeleka nemithi. Emkhakheni wezingalo ukukhula asebenzayo-bacterium kwakhiwa ngakho ngokuthi listeriomy okuyizinto Izigaxana necrotic. Kwezinye izimo, necrosis olunzulu kuholela ukuthuthukiswa sepsis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Listeria ngokuvamile lihlasela isimiso sezinzwa, okuholela imiphumela eyingozi.

Listeriosis: Izimpawu kubantu

Indlela ukucacisa khona isifo enjalo? Iziphi izinguquko emzimbeni ukuthi kufanele ubangele ukukhathazeka? Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni Uthatha kwezinsuku 3 kuya ku-45, ngemva kwalokho-ke iqala ukubonisa listeriosis. Izimpawu kubantu zincike kahle hle ukuthi yiziphi izitho zithonywa amagciwane. Kuze kube manje, kukhona ezimbalwa izinhlobo eziyinhloko zendalo sifo.

• ifomu Anginal-ukonakala wezokwelapha ubhekwa ezivamile. Ezigabeni zokuqala isithombe emtholampilo kufana angina evamile. Ububomvu kanye edema womphimbo. Iziguli esekhala ubuhlungu lapho uvuleka. Omunye kungaba ukugcina ukwanda yokugula kwabantu kanye lymph node eseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona, kanti izimpawu eziyinhloko lokudakwa - imfiva (ngezinye izikhathi afinyelela ku 40-41 degrees), ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukukhathala, ezidabukile imisipha, Ukugodola. In the ukungabikho ukuphathwa kungadala necrosis. Futhi ukutheleleka ungasabalalisa kuya sezinzwa isakhiwo uhlelo.
• esiyingozi ngokwedlulele kuyinto listeriosis sezinzwa. Izimpawu kulokhu zifane isithombe emtholampilo nge-meningitis, meningoencephalitis kanye abscesses. Meningitis kuhambisana ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukuhlanza, Ukudlikizela, delirium, rigidity we Imisipha yentamo. Meningoencephalitis lapho isiguli amanye izimpawu, kuhlanganise ptosis (sawo) amajwabu amehlo futhi anikozoriyu (usayizi ukucwiya elilodwa balezi zingane).
• Ngo izinsana Ezinganeni ezitheleleke ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa ukonakala listeriosis granulomatous. Izimpawu zayo ezihlukahlukene - enomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu, ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa, ukukhubazeka, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, njll Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka asithinti nje kuphela sezinzwa, kodwa futhi umgudu wokuphefumula futhi senhliziyo ... inkinga evamile lolu hlobo lesi sifo singumbulali pleurisy ubovu kanye nenyumoniya.
• Kukhona futhi isifo amehlo yezindlala ukuthi ezokwelapha zesimanje ngempela ezingavamile. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo sifo ikhulela ukuxhumana ngqo kwezilwane ezinegciwane. Isithombe ngeziguli Kulokhu sifana ubovu conjunctivitis. Ehamba isifo lwamafinyila ulwelwesi ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, ukuvuvukala, ububomvu kanye ukubukeka ezinkulu ubovu khulula. Ngokuvamile iziguli esekhala ukulunywa ezinzima, evutha ngisho ubuhlungu emehlweni. Izici ehlukile kungafaka ukwanda enamandla lokushisa futhi khona izimpawu anobuthi, okuyinto conjunctivitis abavamile neze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukwanda ama-lymph node eseduze.

Kunoma ikuphi, ukuxilonga listeriosis may udokotela kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukubonakala izimpawu zokuqala kufanele bafune usizo lobuchwepheshe.

izindlela zesimanje uphethwe

Eqinisweni, kukhona izifo eziningi ukuthi izimpawu zabo zifane Listeria. Kuyini futhi yiziphi imithetho uphethwe umehluko? Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo sifana mononucleosis ezithathelwanayo kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu, kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene viral zokuphefumula.

Umlando lesi sifo, yebo, iqala uhlu kwetfula isikhalazo lesiguli. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe eqhutshwa ngayo. Ikakhulukazi, phakathi elabhorethri ukuhlaziya amasampula egazi kungabonwa nokwanda okuphawulekayo inani monocytes. Kubantu, isiguli kuncike khona izimpawu wenziwa kocingo isikhwehlela kusuka iyiphi indawo emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, khulula conjunctival, cerebrospinal fluid. Kwezinye izimo wokubhoboza ka-lymph. Ukuze listeriosis esolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze izibonelo zalokho nokuhlolwa amasampuli amniotic fluid noma umzanyana.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri, zokutshala wenziwa konemimoya izakhi. Le nqubo yenza kube okungagcini nje ukucacisa uhlobo pathogen, kodwa ukuzwela yayo umkhiqizo othize kwezokwelapha.

ukuhlolwa Serological ngoba listeriosis futhi kunembile ngempela, kodwa angase akhiphe imiphumela eyiphutha. nezifundo ohlotsheni lesi sifo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isiguli esolwa khona ithumba ithunyelwe MRIs. ifomu Nervous ka listeriosis kudinga wezinzwa ukubonisana, kanye ekufezeni a wokubhoboza lumbar futhi ingqondo Bheka.

Indlela esiphatha ngayo listeriosis?

Yiqiniso, umlando sifo kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiswa kahle lwemithi yokwelapha. Ngakho kubonakala sengathi yokwelapha izifo ezifana?

Isiguli lokuqala ezinqunyiwe antibiotic. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu umuthi njengamanje kubhekwe ukuba erythromycin, tetracycline futhi chloramphenicol. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase akhethe nezinye izidakamizwa, njengoba konke kuncike degree of nozwela amabhaktheriya uhlobo ukuze into ethile.

Njengoba sihambisana nale, isiguli injected ngemithambo yegazi i solution isotonic of sodium chloride futhi zibeka isisu - lokhu kusiza balahle imikhiqizo eyingozi imfucuza futhi uqede izimpawu eziyinhloko lokudakwa.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha izici lincike ohlotsheni nobukhali sifo. Ngokwesibonelo, ne izilonda isimiso sezinzwa iqondiswa iziguli benzylpenicillin. Uma isifo samehlo wamshaya ke ukusetshenziswa nokwelashwa kwayo ngeso lehla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuvukala wamafutha ngama-corticosteroid.

Ngokwazi yokwelapha eside kudinga listeriosis? Ukwelashwa Kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni umile - okungukuthi, emnyangweni ezithathelwanayo. Njengomthetho, izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo zinyamalale ngemva kwamasonto 2-4. Ngemva kwalokho, isiguli kuyadingeka ukuba bahlolwe futhi - uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa waqinisekisa ukungabi khona listeria, indoda ungabhala. Nokho, listeriosis uye egula iminyaka emibili kufanele zibhaliswe emnyangweni ezithathelwanayo futhi ibhekane nokuhlolwa odokotela njalo.

kungakhathaliseki yezinkinga zingenzeka?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinzekwa ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi kuyasiza ngokushesha ukuqeda lesi sifo. Kodwa kukhona ezinye izinkinga, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa listeriosis. Kuyini lokhu?

Okokuqala kuyafaneleka ukuthi izinkinga kuthiwa cishe wadalula izingane kuzalwa, futhi abantu kanzima abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, ukutheleleka komama kanye umzimba, ngokulandelana, i-fetus kungaholela ebunayo ezingenzeka embungwini, ukuzalwa kwengane isishonile, ukuvela kombungu ezithile fetus ukuthuthukiswa, njll Uma ingane wawusungenwe ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ezinsukwini lokuqala umzimba wengane bangezwa yezinkinga ezifana ubovu meningitis, ukunikezwa kwe-izinhlelo zokuphefumula futhi kwegazi. Listeria kungabangela uhlobo ezinzima pneumonia, okuyinto ngokuvamile sigcina ebulalayo umntwana.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ukucindezeleka ifomu sezinzwa lesi sifo. Ngale ndlela umntwana uhlobo ezifanayo isifo kungabangela umonakalo ohlelweni sezinzwa, okuyinto ngokulandelana, luhambisana nomthwalo yezinkinga ezifana retardation engqondo, isithuthwane, ukukhubazeka.

Kubantu abadala, lokhu imiphumela ezivamile zihlanganisa endocarditis kanye ne-hepatitis. Kodwa ngisho lapho usukhulile ifomu sezinzwa of listeriosis ezindaweni ngaphandle kokwelashwa uphela lethally ku 45 - 70% amacala. Yingakho noma kunjalo kufanele ungazinaki izimpawu noma ukuzilimaza medicate.

Kunconywe izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje akukho imithi ukuthi angabavikela abantu kusukela isifo okuthiwa listeriosis phakade. Prevention kulokhu kube nzima kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi le-bacterium kakhulu ukumelana imvelo yangaphandle futhi kungenzeka faka umzimba womuntu ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Yingakho indlela kuphela ngempumelelo ngempela sokuvikela okumelwe asilandele ngokucophelela zonke iziqondiso zempilo ezempilo nokuphepha kanye isilwane. Emapulazini futhi amapulazi wahlanganyela izilwane ezikhulayo, izilwane kumele zihlolwe njalo futhi abenzele ukwelashwa izinga uma kunesidingo. Ngokuqondene Ukuvikelwa siqu, akufanele bayakhohlwa okusingathwa ukudla - kubalulekile ukuba Bilisa ubisi, inyama, ayi kanye neminye imikhiqizo inyama yokosela ngokucophelela kahle.

Umuntu banalesi sifo kufanele baphathwe esibhedlela, ukuze singathwesi abe umthombo ukutheleleka kwabanye. Extract kungenzeka kuphela uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa waqinisekisa alulame ngokugcwele futhi ukungabi khona igciwane emzimbeni-okubangela.