Luthiers Antonio Stradivari, Nicolo Amati, Dzhuzeppe Gvarneri nabanye

zomculo enhle kangaka abenzi violin Italian ngikudalile okungukuthi, they nzonzobala kubhekwe ukuba the best, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule nkathi kukhona ubuchwepheshe eziningi ezintsha ekukhiqizeni kwabo. Abaningi babo ziye zalondolozwa usesimweni esihle, futhi namuhla badlala abaculi abadumile kakhulu futhi best in the world.

A. Stradivari

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke nabakhulu violin-umenzi - kuyinto Antonio Stradivari owazalelwa futhi ukuphila kwakhe konke e Cremona. Kuze kube manje, izwe basinda amathuluzi angaba ngamakhulu ayisikhombisa eyenziwe ngezandla zakhe. Mfundisi U-Antonio wayengumuntu master abadumile ngokulinganayo Nicolo Amati.

I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa ayaziwa A. Stradivari. Ukuba abaqeqeshiwe N. Amati, wavula eshabhu lakhe siqu futhi uvelile uthisha wakhe. Antonio ngcono violin ngu Nicolo. Wafuna ngezwi elimnandi kanye ithuluzi ikhululekile, ikwazi umumo lwalugobile, elalihlotshiswe kubo. A. Stradivarius violin ngaphezu, violas wadala, iziginci, cello nehabhu (okungenani eyodwa). Abafundi omkhulu master ababengabakhe amadodana, kodwa abazange bakwazi ukuphinda impumelelo uyise. Kukholakala ukuthi imfihlo umsindo wabo omkhulu violin ebengalidluliselanga ngisho sekudlule namadodana akhe, ngakho akuyona ixazululwe kuze kube manje.

Amati umndeni

Amati umndeni - a abenzi violin kusukela umndeni lasendulo Italy. Babehlala emzini Cremona lasendulo. Andrea eyasungulwa lwamakhosi. WayeyiZwi violin umenzi wokuthoma emndenini. I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwakhe ayaziwa. Ngo-1530 yena nomfowabo Antonio wavula workshop ngokwenza violin, violas futhi cellos. Baye basungula ubuchwepheshe yabo futhi usethe amathuluzi yohlobo yesimanje. Andrea ephethwe ukuba amathuluzi akhe kwakuzwakala silvery, ugodo, kucacile futhi emsulwa. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-26, A. Amati eyaduma. Master wafundisa amadodana akhe kunjalo.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke e umndeni ifektri amayunithi wezinhlamvu baba umzukulu Andrea Amati - Nicolo. Yena ngcono umsindo futhi ukuma amathuluzi uyisemkhulu wadala. Nicolo ikhuphukile ubukhulu, kunciphise iqhubu e onezitezi, wenza ukhalo emikhulu kanye okhalweni ezincane. Wabuye washintsha indlela yokwakheka ukuvenisha, okwenza kube esobala futhi usinike shades zethusi igolide.

Nicolo Amati kwaba umsunguli esikoleni ngoba abenzi violin. abakhiqizi abaningi abadumile of zomculo ezinezintambo babe abafundi bakhe.

umndeni Guarneri

Luthiers lokhu lwamakhosi wabuye waphila Cremona. Umenzi lokuqala kakhulu lo mkhaya Andrea Guarneri violin. Njengoba A. Stradivari, wayengumuntu umfundi ka Nicolo Amati. Kusukela 1641, Andrea ihlala endlini yayo, wasebenza ngiqeqeshwe futhi kuba mahhala ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo. Kusukela St Nicholas ekhaya washiya e 1654, emva kokushada. ngokushesha A. Guarneri wavula eshabhu lakhe siqu. Inkosi sebenezingane ezine - indodakazi namadodana amathathu - Pietro Giuseppe Amati futhi Eusebio. Abokuqala ababili baya ezinyathelweni zikayise. Eusebio Amati ukuthi ogama lakhe behlonipha umfundisi omkhulu loyise wayengumuntu godson yakhe. Kodwa naphezu lelo gama, nguye kuphela izingane ayizange A. Guarneri violin umenzi. Umndeni edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa Giuseppe. Yena singcono kakhulu uyise. Guarneri violin lwamakhosi kwakungafanele njengoba othandwayo amathuluzi A. Stradivari futhi Amati umndeni. Isidingo kubo kwakubangelwa hhayi eqolo izindleko Cremona imvelaphi - kwaba ehlonishwayo.

Manje kukhona abangaba ngu-250 amathuluzi eyenziwe ishabhu of Guarneri.

amakhosi angaphansi owaziwa violin Affairs Italy

Sasiphakathi e-Italy nakwamanye abenzi violin. Kodwa baziwa kancane kahle. amathuluzi abo bayigugu kunalabo adalwe amakhosi ezinkulu.

Gasparo da Salo (Bertolotti) - imbangi main Andrea Amati, ngubani uphikise umsunguli we lwamakhosi odumile ilungelo ukuba umsunguli kwezinhlobo violin yesimanje. Wabuye wadala basses double, violas, cellos, nokunye. Ukuze ezisekhona ezimbalwa kakhulu amathuluzi qamba them esingaphansi kweshumi.

Dzhovanni Madzhini - Umfundi G. da Salo. Waqale ikopishwe amathuluzi umeluleki ngalesosikhathi phelelisa umsebenzi wakhe, uthathelwe impumelelo amakhosi Cremonese. violin yakhe abe umsindo soft kakhulu.

Franchesko Rudzheri - umfundi N. Amati. violin yakhe zenani engengaphansi kwengu amathuluzi akhe umeluleki. Francesco yasungulwa violin encane.

J. Steiner

Evelele violin inkosi Germany - Yakob Shtayner. Wayengumuntu ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ayebhekwa engcono. violin base wadala kunani labo benza A. Stradivari. Mfundisi uJakobe, mhlawumbe, khona-Italian violin umenzi A. Amati, njengoba emisebenzini yakhe komkhondo isitayela, lapho amalungu ukusebenza kwalesi lwamakhosi okukhulu. Personality J. Steiner uhlala ongaqondakali kuze kube manje. In biography yakhe wezimfihlo eziningi. Akukho nini futhi kuphi wazalwa, ngubani unina noyise, ngalokho umndeni weza ezaziwayo. Kodwa imfundo wayekade kakhulu, wakhuluma ngezilimi eziningana - Latin futhi Italian.

Kusolwa ukuthi uN Amati, uJakobe wafunda iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ngemva kwalokho, wabuyela ekhaya futhi ngavula eshabhu lakhe siqu. Ngokushesha iNkosana wammisa inkosi inkantolo futhi wanikeza ngihola kahle.

Yakoba Shtaynera violin zazihlukile abanye. Dec egumbini eseneminyaka steeper, ngokwenza kanjalo wandise ivolumu ngaphakathi ithuluzi. Intamo, esikhundleni curls evamile ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele ingonyama amakhanda. Umsindo imikhiqizo yayo ihlukile onobuhle isiNtaliyane, kwaba eliyingqayizivele, uhlambulukile uqine. imbobo Sound kwadingeka simise inkanyezi. Ukuvenisha kanye primer wasebenzisa Italy.