Prokaryotic iseli - cell umzimba oyi-zenuzi

iseli Prokaryotic - is, eqinisweni, nje ahlelwe umzimba, okuyinto unawo izici amadlozi. Bona ehlelekile labelwe ukuhlukanisa umbuso Monera, okubandakanya ama-bacterium cyanobacteria (oluluhlaza ulwelwe).

Kuyini ngakho "lilihle" isakhiwo eziphilayo zangaphambi yenuzi? iseli Prokaryotic has awanayo i-nucleus, sizungezwe igobolondo yabo, mitochondria futhi plastids. In the isikhungo kuyinto nucleoid cytoplasm (nucleotide), esakhiwa sakhiwo esisodwa nukleproteidnoy ehlanganisa annular DNA. Lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi le-chromosome virus. Sheer cell amagciwane kanye ulwelwe oluluhlaza uyashiywa medium yangaphandle obukhulu cell udonga noma capsule kanye ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Udonga aphansi iyunithi kwesakhiwo ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe a murein izidakamizwa (kumiswa amaprotheni kanye carbohydrate), okuyinto wenza umsebenzi skeleton ongaphandle, enika ukuma nokuvikela amaseli kusuka ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle. Ulwelwesi kwangaphakathi le misebenzi elandelayo: Ukuvikelwa, izinto zokuhamba nezikhungo sokuhlukanisa bezibona ezishukumisa.

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi amaseli prokaryotic kusikisela ukuthi cytoplasm futhi ngezithako zawo empofu kakhulu kunalokho wocwaningo lwezindaba zenuzi (eukaryotic). Iqukethe ribosomes, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze amaprotheni zamagama. Futhi kukhona isakhiwo ulwelwesi, okuyinto senze njengoba organelles ulahlekile - mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, Golgi kanye plastids. Ngokwesibonelo, iseli prokaryotic has a diaphragm bulging ebizwe mesosoma. Kulapha inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula namandla ukukhululwa amagciwane.

Futhi, izinto eziphilayo pre-zenuzi labo abazokwazi sporulation, kodwa musa ukuzalela nabo. Lezinhlamvu noma izinhlumba kukhona ulwelwesi obukhulu ezisiza amagciwane ukuze usinde kwezimo ezingezinhle ngabo. Ukusekela ukuphila izimo ze-non-core bayakwazi ukugcina umsoco - amafutha, carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi.

Iseli prokaryotic akwazi ukwanda ukwahlukana, luthela kanye conjugation. zizalela indlela kuncike hlobo amagciwane noma cyanobacteria. Division luthela - izindlela ezivumela kuqhathaniswa ngokushesha ukwandisa ubungako labantu. Conjugation okwenzeka E. coli, inqubo ngokobulili, okuyinto enomthelela ukushintshashintsha zofuzo nezilwanyana ezincane.

Ngakho, prokaryotes - amaseli pre-enuzi, ayinawo semthethweni lo kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana futhi beswela organelles eziningi ulwelwesi, kodwa ikhono ukushintsha. Lokho bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa abahlala endaweni lapho akekho uyasinda nangokwengeziwe - enuzi, imithombo kawoyela. Inani elikhulu of abameleli umbuso Monera kukhona pathogenic futhi kungabangela ezihlukahlukene izifo kubantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo (uhudo, namathansela, isifo sofuba). Futhi, ezinye izilokazane ezincane ezihlala Symbiosis nge eukaryotes (symbiogenesis), isib nitrogen impande lezimpande eziguqula i-bacterium ukuthi ikoloni phezu izimpande okusanhlamvu.