Nangokuvikela zokwakha kanye ngezigaba zabo. Fibre nangokuvikela izinto

Ezinye izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa zikagesi kagesi nelezifunda kagesi babe izakhiwo Kwe-dielectric Heating, isb abe ukumelana zamanje. Leli khono ebavumela ukuba baphathe samanje, futhi ngakho asetshenziselwa ukwakha ukwahlukanisa izingxenye bukhoma. izinto nangokuvikela zenzelwe hhayi kuphela ukuhlala ngokuhlukana izingxenye bukhoma, kodwa futhi ngokudala ukuvikelwa imiphumela enobungozi kagesi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngamagoda amandla zikagesi embozwe ukwahlukanisa.

izinto nangokuvikela nendlela esebenza ngayo

izinto nangokuvikela kabanzi umkhakha, umsakazo kanye ithuluzi, kagesi ukuthuthukiswa grid. operation evamile izinto zikagesi noma kagesi ukuphepha wesifunda ixhomeke dielectrics esetshenziswa. Ezinye nemingcele impahla for ukwahlukanisa kagesi, ukunquma izinga kanye netimphawu.

Ukusetshenziswa ukwahlukanisa izinto ngenxa iziqondiso zokuphepha. Ubuqotho ukwahlukanisa kuyisihluthulelo ukusebenza okuphephile kagesi. kuyingozi kakhulu ukusebenzisa nemishini nge ukwahlukanisa obonakele. Ngisho kwamanje encane kagesi kungase sinomthelela umzimba womuntu.

izakhiwo Kwe-dielectric Heating

izinto nangokuvikela kumele babe izakhiwo ezithile ukuze yenze imisebenzi yayo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi insulators kusukela babashayeli iyona enkulu ivolumu resistivity (109-1020 Ohm-cm). I conductivity kagesi babashayeli, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu dielectrics kanye izikhathi 15. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi insulators abazalwa izikhathi eziningana ezincane kuno-athomu mahhala futhi electron, okunikeza zamanje conductivity impahla. Kodwa lapho impahla ukufuthelana kubo iba ezinkudlwana, ngaleyo ndlela kwande conductivity zamanje.

Hlukanisa izakhiwo Active izimpambosi Kwe-dielectric Heating. Izinto zokuvala umoya izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu yekwentiwa. I njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating leyo nto kumele kube njengoba encane ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo yisivikelo akusho neqhaza circuit capacitance yisinanakazana. Ukuze indaba isetshenziswa njengophawu Kwe-dielectric Heating capacitor, lo njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating kufanele kube, kunalokho, ngangokunokwenzeka.

ngabodwa izici

Amapharamitha eziyisisekelo zihlanganisa ukwahlukanisa Kwe-dielectric Heating amandla, ethize ukumelana kagesi, permittivity isihlobo, Kwe-dielectric Heating nokulahlekelwa engela. Lapho kuhlolwa izindawo kagesi impahla futhi uyakucabangela ukwencika kulezi zici ku amagugu kagesi kanye voltage.

izinto nangokuvikela kanye nemikhiqizo abe sezingeni elikhulu ukumelana kagesi ngokuziqhathanisa babashayeli kanye Semiconductors. Kubalulekile futhi ngenxa ukuzinza yisivikelo ngokubeka amalahle eziningi othize, okwandisa voltage nezinye izinguquko.

Ukwahlukanisa izinto Kwe-dielectric Heating

Kuye umthamo wamanje ogeleza umqhubi, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ukwahlukanisa, okuyinto zingafani amakhono abo.

Ngu yini imingcele zihlukaniswe ekuvikeleni izinto? Ukwahlukanisa dielectrics esekelwe esimweni sabo wokuhlanganisa (okuqinile, uketshezi futhi gaseous) kanye umsuka (organic: yemvelo kanye zokwenziwa, wezinto ezingaphili: zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa). Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu dielectrics okuqinile, okuyinto kungabonwa intambo ekhaya Imishini noma yimuphi omunye izinto zikagesi.

dielectrics okuqinile kanye nama-liquid, esikhundleni salokho, zihlukaniswe subgroups. dielectrics Solid kukhona indwangu varnished, laminates nangezinkolelo-ze ezihlukahlukene mica. Waxes, amafutha kanye amagesi kuncibilike kukhona uketshezi ekuvikeleni izinto. dielectrics Special gaseous asetshenziswa kakhulu kancane njalo. Lolu hlobo futhi ihlinzeka yisivikelo yemvelo kagesi - emoyeni. ukusetshenziswa kwalo moya hhayi nje ngenxa izici emoyeni ukuthi siwenze yisivikelo esihle, kodwa futhi ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo. Ukusetshenziswa emoyeni njengoba ukwahlukanisa akudingi ezengeziwe izindleko impahla.

dielectrics okuqinile

Solid ekuvikeleni kagesi izinto - isigaba okubanzi dielectrics, ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Sinenkosi ahlukene chemical izakhiwo, kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko zibe Kwe-dielectric Heating njalo kusuka 1 kuya 50,000.

dielectrics Solid zihlukaniswe non-polar, elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye ferroelectrics. umehluko yabo eyinhloko nokwehlukana etindlela. Lesi sigaba has ukwahlukanisa izakhiwo ezifana chemical ukumelana, okungezona kokulandela, dendritostoykost. Ukumelana Chemical sivezwe kula ikhono ukumelana nethonya abezindaba nolaka (acid, alikhali, njll). Tregingostoykost enquma ukuthi ukumelana i arc kagesi, futhi dendritostoykost - kumiswa dendrites.

dielectrics Solid asetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene amandla. Ngokwesibonelo, izinto Ceramic nangokuvikela avame ukusetshenziswa njengoba komugqa futhi feedthrough insulators e ezincane. Njengoba ukwahlukanisa of zikagesi esetshenziswa iphepha, polymers, ingilazi fibre. Ukuze upende ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa imishini kanye namadivayisi, amakhadibhodi kwakwakhe.

Ngokusebenzisa e izimo zokusebenza ezahlukene ngabodwa lidlulisele ezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezahlukene: ukushisa ukumelana, umswakama ukumelana, ukumelana emisebeni nokuzabalazela abandayo. insulators ukushisa ukumelana uyakwazi withstanding okushisa afinyelela ku-700 ° C, lezi zihlanganisa ingilazi nezimpahla on ngesisekelo zabo, organosility futhi abanye polymers. Tropicalized futhi umswakama ukumelana okokusebenza PTFE okuyinto non-hygroscopic futhi hydrophobic.

Izinto zokuvala umoya, ukumelana emisebeni esetshenziswa amadivaysi oluxube athomu. Kuhlanganisa amafilimu wezinto ezingaphili, ezinye izinhlobo polymers, ingilazi fibre futhi izinto esekelwe mica. Hardy kubhekwe ukwahlukanisa ukuthi akamane nje impahla yayo at okushisa afinyelela ku -90 ° C. izidingo ezikhethekile ukwahlukanisa senzelwe amadivaysi ezisebenza esikhaleni noma cleaner. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, sebenzisa izinto cleaner-obukhulu, okuhlanganisa izinto ezenziwe ngobumba ekhethekile.

dielectrics ketshezi

Liquid kagesi ekuvikeleni izinto avame ukusetshenziswa imishini kagesi kanye kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Amafutha transformer indima eyadlalwa ukwahlukanisa. K uketshezi Kwe-dielectric Heating futhi zihlanganisa amagesi kuncibilike, Vaseline unsaturated futhi uwoyela upharafini, organopolysiloxanes, amanzi distilled (nahlanza kusuka usawoti ukungcola).

I izici eyinhloko dielectrics liquid njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating, amandla Kwe-dielectric Heating kanye conductivity kagesi. Futhi, nemingcele kagesi Kwe-dielectric Heating incike ngezinga zokuhlanjululwa. ukungcola okuqinile kungandisa conductivity kagesi eziwuketshezi ngenxa ekwandeni ion mahhala futhi ama-electron. Ukuhlanzwa uketshezi ngokusebenzisa ziphuzo zazihluzwa, ion exchange njll It kuholela ekwandeni inani amandla kagesi indaba, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe conductivity yayo.

dielectrics Liquid zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• amafutha petroleum;
• amafutha yemifino;
• uketshezi zokwenziwa.

Elivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu petroleum amafutha ezifana transformer, ikhebuli capacitor. liquid Zokwenziwa (organosilicon futhi compounds organofluorine) nazo isetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, compounds abandayo ukumelana futhi abicah kukhona hygroscopic, ngakho sisetshenziswe njengesigungu sokufaka yisivikelo e Transformers amancane, kodwa izindleko zabo ziphakeme kunezindlela intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe amafutha.

amafutha Imifino azisetshenziswa njengoba nangokuvikela okubalulekile kagesi ukwahlukanisa ubuchwepheshe. Lezi zihlanganisa ocolisekileyo, linseed, Hemp, futhi uwoyela tung. Lezi izinto wavuma polar kukhona dielectrics futhi ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa ukuze impregnation lephepha capacitors futhi njengoba izidakamizwa ifilimu ukwakha e varnishes kagesi, upende, enamels.

dielectrics gaseous

Okuvame kakhulu dielectrics gaseous kukhona umoya, i-nitrogen, hydrogen, nesibabule hexafluoride. amagesi nangokuvikela zihlukaniswe zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. I zemvelo emoyeni ukukhathazeka, elisetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso ukwahlukanisa phakathi izingxenye bukhoma kwamandla imigqa ngezimoto zikagesi. Njengoba isolator emoyeni has nemiphumela ethile engathandeki esenza kungenzeki ukusebenzisa amadivaysi hermetically uphawu. Ngenxa yokuba khona emakamu eliphezulu le-oxygen asemkhathini kuyinto oxidant, kanye ongaphakeme amandla kagesi air kuboniswa emikhakheni inhomogeneous.

Ngo amandla transformers futhi high voltage izintambo ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo ukwahlukanisa nitrogen. Hydrogen ngaphandle kagesi nangokuvikela impahla futhi limelela Ukupholisa ophoqelelwe, + ngakho evame ukusetshenziswa imishini kagesi. Amayunithi uphawu ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa sulphur hexafluoride. Egcwele igesi ukwenza idivayisi intrinsically ephephile. It is lisetshenziswe high voltage wesifunda amadlambi sibonga izakhiwo arc ukucindezelwa.

dielectrics organic

I-organic ekuvikeleni izinto zihlukaniswe yemvelo kanye zokwenziwa. dielectrics Yemvelo organic manje asetshenziswa akuvamile, ngakho abaningi ukukhiqizwa zokwenziwa enwetshiwe, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise izindleko zabo.

I zemvelo dielectrics organic zihlanganisa i-cellulose, iraba, upharafini, zemifino amafutha (uwoyela ocolisekileyo). Iningi dielectrics zokwenziwa organic kukhona amapulasitiki ezahlukene kanye elastomers elisetshenziswa kakhulu kagesi zasendlini kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

dielectrics wezinto

Izinto wezinto nangokuvikela zihlukaniswe zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Okuvame kakhulu impahla yemvelo mica esesikhundleni chemical nokuzinza ezishisayo. Iphinde isetshenziselwe for ukwahlukanisa phlogopite futhi muscovite.

Ngu yokufakelwa dielectrics wezinto zihlanganisa ingilazi ngokusekelwe izinto, kanye zobumba futhi izitsha zobumba. Kuye isicelo, Kwe-dielectric Heating yokufakelwa azisoze anezakhi ezikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, bushings esetshenziswa Ceramic feldspar, okuyinto has a high Kwe-dielectric Heating nokulahlekelwa tangent.

Fibre nangokuvikela izinto

Izinto fibrous avame ukusetshenziswa ukwahlukanisa e apparatuses kagesi nemishini. Lezi zihlanganisa isitshalo izinto (iraba, i-cellulose, Indwangu), zokwenziwa yendwangu (inayiloni, inayiloni), kanye polystyrene izinto, polyamide, njll

Izinto eziphilayo fibrous zisho hygroscopic, ngakho akuvamile esetshenziswa ngaphandle impregnation ekhethekile.

Muva nje, esikhundleni izinto eziphilayo esetshenziswa zokwenziwa fibre ukwahlukanisa, okuyinto abe ezingeni eliphezulu ukushisa ukumelana. Lezi zihlanganisa ingilazi zemicu asbestos. Glass fibre afuthwe ngesibulali varnishes ehlukahlukene inhlaka ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zayo hydrophobic. Asbhestosi fibre buyimfanelo enamandla ongaphakeme athutha, ngakho ngokuvamile yengezwe ukotini fibre.