Nethempeli baalshamin Wafa uBhela: wabhubhisa Amatshwayo Palmyra

Palmyra yasendulo owakhiwa umbusi Hurrian Tukrisha. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayengomunye woFakazi lamadolobha abaluleke kakhulu ogwadule lwaseSiriya futhi wawusegunjini oasis enhle phakathi umSiriya inhlokodolobha eDamaseku , futhi umfula ngobukhulu e West Asia - Ewufrathe. "Bumnandi Water" uMfula i-Ewufrathe njengoba lihunyushwe lisuselwa olimini lwesi-Aramu, elakhiwe eziningi yamandulo.

Palmyra wagijima yonkana indlela udwendwe abaningi edabula ogwadule lwaseSiriya. Ngenxa yokuba sendaweni ekahle, idolobha bachuma, wandisa kancane kancane futhi uye wathola isihloko zokuhlonipha ka "umakoti esogwadule". Izakhiwo edume kunazo kukhona emathempelini Bel Palmyra futhi Baalshamina.

Nethempeli Bel

Lokhu zethempeli lasendulo kwaba into ngobukhulu kule Palmyra yaseSiriya. Yakhiwa 32 BC, futhi ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa yayo iphutha ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-uMbusi uTiberiyu. Ukubukeka ethempelini Bel kwakufanekisela yokudlondlobala okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, okuyinto yayilokhu izidlela nje Palmyra. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waba engcwele esemqoka yedolobha lasendulo, ukuze badunyiswe umbusi ophakeme wezulu Bela.

Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo sekuwuphawu ka ubunye eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga: ingaphakathi thempeli lakhiwa isiko elithile laseMpumalanga Ephakathi, futhi mbumbulu yayo nefomethi izintandokazi ezakhiwo ababusi Sasentshonalanga Palmyra. Kusolwa ukuthi ithempeli Bel yakhelwe abakhi kusukela emzini wase-Antiyokiya.

Ngaphakathi isakhiwo wawusegunjini eyodwa nje, kodwa endaweni ihholo elikhulu kakhulu ngokwesiko. Ngo niches yayo eziqoshiwe enkulu onkulunkulu Palmyra efakiwe. Ngaphandle kwethempeli izindonga abangu ehlotshiswe omangalisayo bas-imifanekiso namakholomu amancane izihloko zazo zibe ngezethusi eyayibhalwe ezikhazimulayo elangeni elikhanyayo. Bas ukuboniswa udwendwe ngokwesiko, 7 sonozungezilanga amaplanethi 12 futhi Zodiac izimpawu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ithempeli Bel yazuza ukubukeka nesizotha more, okuyinto wayaziwa emhlabeni kuze 2015: uMbusi avaricious Roman uAurelian wasuka amakholomu zethusi eyayibhalwe wamthatha ukuze inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseRoma.

Nethempeli baalshamin e Palmyra

Lesi sakhiwo zenkolo omangalisayo wakhela ngonyaka 17 weNkosi yethu, futhi umsebenzi wakamuva ku lasungulwa laqedwa 130, phakathi nokubusa LamaRoma UMbusi uHadrian.

Ithempeli laphinde elalinikezelwe Unkulunkulu ophakeme waseFenike uBhali, bakhuleka Semites entshonalanga. Ngo onkulunkulu babo Baalshamin kwaba ibandla lasezulwini, walaya iziphepho nemvula, sibonga ngalo ashwabene ngu elangeni elishisa bhe lomhlabathi lwaba evundile. Igama Baalshamin ethempelini elihunyushwe lisuselwa olimini lwesiAramu lisho ukuthi "UNkulunkulu wezulu"

Baalshamin kubhekwe samuntu Ephakeme Nkulunkulu Bela. Ngakho-ke, ngokungafani kuya endlini yokugcina, wayenobuhlobo ezincane kakhulu futhi kwaku kude ikholomu maphakathi nomgwaqo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu umehluko omncane, bobabili amathempeli ngeminyaka yawo-isitayela efanayo Antique, saqeda waba yaseSiriya nomhlobiso kazwelonke futhi akhazimulise onkulunkulu waseFenike.

Konke ezingaphandle kwesakhiwo kwadingeka design esiqinile, wama phandle kuphela olungaphambili lwesonto central nge ngokujulile kuvulandi ayisithupha columned futhi portal ukuthi unesikhathi umhlobiso ocebile. Pilasters wawuhlotshiswe izindonga uhlangothi ethempelini. Naphezu kobungako nobuningi bayo encane, ithempeli laliyisikhungo umbono umxhwele. Ngaphambi kokungena isakhiwo ke yayisethafeni imigomo engaphezu lasendulo ngokwakha i-altare, lapho umuntu ayengathola khona ukufunda imibhalo eqoshiwe okunikezela. Bona zalotshwa ngesi-Aramu nesiGreki.

Esikhathini AD V leminyaka, ngemva ukusabalala ikuyo yonke indawo ubuKristu kokubili amathempeli baba obuKristu.

Nethempeli baalshamin - engcwele esibhakabhakeni umbusi

Baalshamin wayewunkulunkulu waseFenike, ngubani uphikise ukubaluleka kwazo e Bela. Kanye Bel, yayenza triad yakhe, uhlukanisa ethempelini onkulunkulu Aglibol Malakbel futhi kulinganiswa Zeus Greek. Uchazwa ngokuthi inkosi esibhakabhakeni, futhi wayechazwa ngesimo okhozi olukhulu, kwamaphiko akhe sinwebiswe ilanga, inyanga kanye nezinkanyezi. izinhlamvu akhe angamalangabi umbani kanye indlebe.

Baalshamin lwabonakala ngokukhethekile liyahlonishwa e Palmyra, kumane esuka kuye, ngokuvumelana izakhamuzi komuzi kwakuxhomeke ngabe imvula nenzuzo sizowela isimo sezwe ehlane. Amanzi lapha, njengoba wazi - yilokho.

ngekhulu xxi: kokufa emathempelini Palmyra lasendulo

Agasti 23, 2015, izidlamlilo ze-nhlangano amaphekula "Islamic State of Iraq kanye baseLevant" (LIH) wabhubhisa ethempelini baalshamin - isakhiwo, ukwakhiwa obuhlehlela kusukela ngonyaka 17 AD. Ngokusho Maamuna Abdoulkarim, ikhanda umSiriya isimo uMnyango Antiquities, amaphekula Ugcwalise omningi iziqhumane ethempelini, bese lishaya it up, okubangela umonakalo ongalungiseki elisencwadini yasendulo Palmyra izinhlamvu.

Ngenxa yalokho izenzo ngesihluku we engxenyeni engaphakathi thempeli labhujiswa ngokuphelele futhi amakholomu Ingaphandle kakhulu abathintekayo. Isiqophi nesithombe ithempeli lika baalshamin, okwalapha libhujiswa amaphekula abangenalwazi okubangelwa intukuthelo zonke umphakathi wezwe lonke ukukhanyiselwa.

Agasti 30, 2015, izidlamlilo iqhume ethempelini uBel asibhubhise ngokuphelele ingxenye APC.

yobuciko Lovely izakhiwo lasendulo wema cishe 2 zeminyaka elangeni elishisayo Middle East, ezibhujisiwe kumaminithi.

Ngo-March 2017 Palmyra wakhululwa LIH abashokobezi. Iziphathimandla yaseSiriya kuhlelwe sokubuyiselwa esikhumbuzo abhubhisa nethempeli ka baalshamin, abese ukuqedela nokubuyiselwa ethempelini Bel. Ngokuvamile, ngezinsuku zabo Ekudalweni kabusha kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi kanye nemali, futhi kungenzeka ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa kamuva, singabona yobuciko okukhulu bokwakha lasendulo futhi.