Ngazi kanjani umshwalense wami irekhodi? Kuyini kwesikhathi umshwalense, nokuthi kuhlanganisa? Ukubalwa umshwalense

ERussia, zonke Sekuyisikhathi eside ejwayele ibinzana "kabusha impesheni" eminyakeni yamuva, cishe njalo ngonyaka uhulumeni wenza izinguquko ezithile ukuze umthetho. Umphakathi akanawo isikhathi ukulandela zonke kugucuka, kodwa ngoba ukuqaphela kule ndawo kudingeka ngokuphuthumayo, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zonke izakhamuzi uphoqelekile ukuba uzibuze mayelana nendlela ukuthola umshwalense wakho kanye umhlalaphansi daba.

Indaba

Waqamba le ncazelo ngenxa phambili kabusha umkhankaso ngo 1996. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kancane kancane uya ukusungula yokubhalisa ngazinye kuzakhamizi jikelele uhlelo impesheni. Omunye amazinga of kabusha ziyinkathi umshwalense. FZ ka 01.04.1996 futhi 16.07.1999 №165 ukunikeza ukutolika ahlukene lo mqondo, yingakho kukhona ukungqubuzana.

Umthetho wokuqala akazange aliphathe nakancane igama umsebenzi zabasebenzi, kwesibili has a ekwakhiweni eqonde kakhulu, kodwa ishiya imibuzo eminingi ngalokho okwenzeka umshwalense empeleni. Ukuphikisana e izincazelo uvumele ngisho isikhathi lapho abantu ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza, nokudluliswa ke wayengekho PF.

definition

Umshwalense isikhathi - a isamba ubude izinkathi isakhamuzi umsebenzi phezu esaphila, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho amaphrimiyamu zikhokhelwa njalo ngumqashi noma usomabhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha zifakwe, lapho ezibanjwayo kudingekile alikwazanga:

• ukunakekelwa ingane kuze iminyaka nengxenye eyodwa futhi;
• ekutholeni phezu exchange stock, enesimo waqinisekisa abangasebenzi;
• anakekele umuntu okhubazekile noma umuntu abaneminyaka engama-80;
• iqhaza emisebenzini yomphakathi, ikhokhwe ngendlela ekhethekile;
• ngenkathi hle ngokuhlala kwelinye izwe owakwakhe bosomaqhinga.

Ukubalwa umshwalense kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana: isikhathi umsebenzi eminyakeni, futhi izici nezimo zokusebenza: okubi, esindayo, zezulu nezinye I Coefficient amacala iminyaka jikelele futhi akhethekile enkonzo ihlukile, ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba nzima kakhulu ngaphandle kosizo zomthetho professional ukuqonda Ukwahlukaniswa a. umsebenzi.

Uyini umahluko kusuka zabasebenzi

Kuyini kwesikhathi umshwalense, ukuqonda lula kakhulu uma sithola isifaniso nge evamile kithi "impesheni yomhlalaphansi" eside, ngo-2015, ewa ukusetshenziswa, futhi sisebenza kuphela kubantu kabani imisebenzi eyenziwa izibalo kuze 2002 Kusukela 2003, zonke izinkokhelo izobalwa kusukela amaprimiyamu.

Ukuze ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa ekhethekile okuza nempesheni amaphuzu, futhi izobuyekezwa unyaka ngamunye iphepha elahlukile.

Ubani iyafaneleka ukuthola

Siye ayikafiki namanje izinguquko wamavukelambuso kule nqubo ngokunginika impesheni ukuba izakhamuzi Russian. Kuhlelwe uhulumeni isinyathelo ukuze ukukhuphula umkhawulo wobudala ukuthola yokuphepha komphakathi kusuka kuhulumeni ongakabi samukelwa, nakuba kukhona ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo le nkokhelo.

Ngakho, ngo-2017 ukuthola ngenxa kuye impesheni yomhlalaphansi kungaba kosikazi finyelela engu-55 ubudala, futhi amadoda e 60. Labo kakade eduze kulonyaka, udinga shesha bese uzama ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe yonke imininingwane mayelana nendlela ukuthola umshwalense irekhodi lakho . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela 2015, hulumende ukhombe ukwenyuka kancane esikhathini womsebenzi sabantu abasebenza, kuzokwenzeka kancane kancane, aze afinyelele iminyaka engu-15.

izinhlobo akhona

Ukwahlukaniswa kuncike umsebenzi odala izici ambalwa kanye qualitative yesevisi, lapho kuqala - ngaso sonke isikhathi, lapho kwakukhona amacala, kungakhathaliseki umsebenzi, kanti eyesibili ibonisa izici of production.

1. Inani umshwalense isikhathi - ubude besikhathi ingqikithi umsebenzi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ingxenye ukuqhutshwa kabusha Pension Fund yeRussia. Ngaphezu isikhathi evamile yomsebenzi, lapha zifakiwe nezinye nezikhathi obonwa umthetho, ingase ekunakekeleni ingane yabo kuze kube iminyaka emithathu, noma ukudlula ukungenela inkonzo yezempi.
2. Professional umshwalense isipiliyoni - ukuthi inani lesikhathi umsebenzi elihlobene ne izimo esindayo noma enobungozi emsebenzini noma endaweni enabantu okungekuhle.

Inqubo kuhlaziywa impesheni sokuguga kunzima ukuqonda engaqaliwe, kodwa izimiso izibalo impilo yabo esikhathini esizayo kumele baqonde ukuthi wonke umphakathi. Ikakhulukazi manje ibuye isonjululwe umbuzo ukwazi ukuthi umshwalense wakho isipiliyoni. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi legatsha lendawo le PF, kanye kwi website esemthethweni yenhlangano.

Izici nemizana

Ikusasa nezinzuzo zezenhlalo baseRussia akhiwa uhlelo yokuqeqeshelwa izikimu impesheni. Inqubo sokubalwa umshwalense isethwe ngumthetho kahulumeni kusukela 17.12.2001 №173-FZ (rev. On 11.19.2015). Izinkokhelo iphathiswe futhi kwenziwe ngendlela ngokushesha, yesikhathi esisodwa noma impesheni uxhaso.

Ukubalwa inkonzo yempesheni ezenziwe ngesisekelo amagugu ikhalenda, esimweni izinkathi ukuqondana le isakhamuzi sinelungelo lokukhetha omunye wabo. Zonke ukonga zihunyushelwa olimini lwesi-maphuzu, inombolo yabo incike izinkokhelo zenyanga ngumqashi ukuze yesikhwama sempesheni. Lezi zinqubo isimo njalo ngonyaka, ngokusho izinkomba of amandla emali ekhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi isimo ngokufaka isicelo impesheni akuyona nje isikhathi, futhi kamuva, ubukhulu amaphuzu umshwalense kuzokhulisa kakhulu.

Kulabo ukuhlinzeka Amaholo abo, okungase kube amalungu amapulazi, kanye nabamele abantu elincane eSiberia, izinkathi umsebenzi edingekayo kubalwa ngombandela wokuthi benza yingxenye evamile Amaholo abo Pension Fund we Russian Federation. Kusebenza umthetho ofanayo ukuze osomabhizinisi ngabanye.

I-akhawunti akuyona nezikhathi umshwalense

Umthetho uhlinzekela Emacaleni angakajayeleki lapho umuntu ayikwazanga ukwenza iminikelo njalo izimali ngenxa yesizathu esihle. Kubantu abanjalo isimo isungule uhlelo ayo ekubalweni amaphuzu umshwalense:

• lonyaka owodwa ababuthiwe - 1.8;
• anakekele umuntu okhubazekile, indoda abaneminyaka engama-80 - 1.8;
• womama shiya nengane yabo yokuqala - 1.8;
• yesibili - 3.6;
• eyesithathu neyesine - 5.4.

Futhi ngesikhathi eqeqesha ingane yesihlanu kumuzwa Imininingwane ayisafakiwe. Ngokuzimela ukwenza zonke izibalo lula, ngoba abantu abaningi, nawu umbuzo, wazi kanjani umshwalense wakho isipiliyoni. Namuhla-ke kungenziwa ngaphandle ngisho ukuhamba ekhaya, PF Russia usebenza hotline ubusuku nemini, kanye lonke ulwazi kwi website yabo esemthethweni.

Wazi kanjani umuzwa wakho

Lezi idatha kungase kudingeke hhayi tekungilungiselela lonke okufanele, kodwa futhi kulesi sibalo ilivu yokugula. Ngayinye yalezi zigaba inezidingo nokubala uhlelo lwayo. Usayizi sokukhubazeka yesikhashana incike okuqhubekayo-time :

• kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya eminyakeni emi-5 - sisebenti sikhokhelwa 60% yomholo;
• kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuya ku-8 - 80%;
• eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-8 kakade 100%.

Kungase kuphakame izinkinga lapho eqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa idokhumenti ngokungalungile recordation noma ukungezwakali kwawo. Kodwa ngisho ecaleni eziyinkimbinkimbi enjalo, ungakwazi avikele amalungelo abo, ukuqinisekisa ulwazi ngamazwi kuzodingeka ukuba unikeze izinkontileka zokuqashwa, izitifiketi zokuqashwa, sicashunwa lesitsetfwe oda nokulandisa, ekhomba iholo.

Ulwazi olunembile kakhulu sendlela ukuthola umshwalense irekhodi yakho, ungathola ngesikhathi umnyango esendaweni PF. Kodwa manje kukhona inketho kulula: ngo-2015 ku-website esemthethweni Pension Fund uvele isevisi - ehhovisi yangasese lapho wonkhe umhlali Russian Federation bengathola lonke ulwazi oludingekayo. Ukuze ufunde indlela ukuthola umshwalense wakho nakho ku-intanethi, kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Indlela yokuthola ulwazi

Yayikhona kuze 2012 ukusatshalaliswa uhlelo okuthiwa izinhlamvu chain, saba nemiphumela ethile engathandeki eziningi, okokuqala kunakho konke, kuyinto ukuphepha kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Manje ku olusemthethweni website PF kwimodi online, ungathola ngumxhumanisi, ukwenza aphoyintimenti noma oda amaphepha adingekayo. Omunye elula kunazo amasevisi - umhlalaphansi wokubala, ngawo noma yisiphi isakhamuzi kungaba abala izinkokhelo esizayo.

Xazulula umbuzo kanjani ukwazi umshwalense wakho isipiliyoni SNILS aqonde amaphuzu enkulumo uhlelo kwenkokhelo kanye uqinisekise ukuthi izinkokhelo ngumqashi, ungabona ehhovisi yangasese. Ukuze ubhalise bese ngemvume uzodinga ikheli le-imeyili, inombolo yocingo kanye nesazisi ikhadi, kanye ukufinyelela amanye amasevisi edatha nameplate.

isicelo umkhuba

Bhalisa ku-website ye-Pension Fund kuvula ukuba umuntu ngokuqhubekayo ukuthola ulwazi inani izinkokhelo ezenziwe ngumqashi, thola inani lamaphuzu wathola nokusebenzisa umhlalaphansi wokubala Kulula ukubala usayizi nezinzuzo zezenhlalo esizayo.

Isevisi izoba wusizo kulabo abaqondi uhlelo sibalo yesevisi yempesheni futhi ngisho wacabanga ngekusasa. Lapha uzothola izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo ephathelene impesheni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela akwazi ukwenza izinhlelo zabo siqu ngenxa umhlalaphansi ezizayo.

amanothi

Prakthiza selukhombisile ukuthi izakhamuzi Russian akuzona kahle unolwazi mayelana nenqubo kanye nefomu le-accrual ka sokuguga impesheni. Abaningi Namanje ezibuza ukuthi esibhedlela esikhathini umshwalense ifakiwe. Olawula imithetho kahulumeni zihlanganisa inkathi ukuba inani, kodwa zasibekela umbandela wokuthi isakhamuzi eqashwe ngokusemthethweni.

Kunzima kakhulu ukufunda, eminyakeni zibalwa kuphela uma umuntu unelungelo impesheni ngaphambi kabusha waba zavela ngo-2002

Zonke izibalo izinzuzo esizayo zenzeka phakathi nenkathi ethile (ngokuvamile unyaka owodwa). Uma kule nkathi premium izinkokhelo isikhathi baye lwenziwe ukuba yesikhwama sempesheni, noma ayenakho ubunjalo ngokwengxenye, kungase kuholele i underestimation we uxhaso ingxenye. Ngokusobala, uhlelo ukubala has umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amaningi izici, ngakho ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nendlela ukuthola umshwalense wakho isipiliyoni, kungcono zisebenze neziphathimandla zokulawula.

Isibikezelo sezulu sezinsuku

Ekuqaleni 2017 uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali wamemezela ukuthi kulo nyaka, bonke iziphakamiso ku izinguquko ohlelweni impesheni uzobe ekugcineni kwakhiwa futhi kufakwe umthetho. Izinguquko ezilandelayo esivezwa:

• ekukhuphuleni umkhawulo yobudala, njengoba kwenzeka, is ayikaziwa, sixoxa okukhethwa kukho ukwenyuka kancane umbundu, noma abukhali, ukushaqeka gxuma;
• Shintsha oda umhlalaphansi bakahulumeni;
• Kuyoba indlela entsha ukuze yokuzithandela lokulondoloza imali;
• yesiqinisekiso ilungiselelo Kumiswa.

Kuyacaca ukuthi izinguquko global ziyeza, kodwa umbuzo uyasala, indlela isilungele kubo izakhamuzi zaseRussia uqobo, hhayi kumkhathaze olandelayo ukuthi okuqanjwa kabusha kwenye crisis kwezenhlalo.