Ngezigaba Typological izilimi ezibonelweni. Isijobelelo ngolimi Russian

Zonke izilimi Emhlabeni zihluke kakhulu, kodwa bahlelwe typologically omunye imiqondo emibili: kukhona agglutinative, futhi inflected. Lezi imiqondo - into efana iqoqo imithetho okuzohlolwa amazwi ngolimi axhunyaniswa nomunye futhi yakha amasha.

izilimi Agglutinative ahlelwe ngendlela elandelayo: kukhona abanye isisekelo abalulekile, okuyinto waphetha main incazelo lucebe, futhi kulo ezithile, ngokuqinile kuchazwe oda affixes kunezelwa, okungukuthi, nezinye morpheme ... Agglutinative izilimi Finnish, Estonia, Turkish kanye nezinye.

Ezilimini inflected, futhi, impande, okuyinto has kuphela okushiwo lucebe, kodwa affixes - edidayo. Isibonelo esimangalisayo ulimi inflected kuyinto isiRashiya, futhi affixes - ophela, ticalo netijobelelo of isiRashiya. Ziyashiyashiyana nefomu.

Isijobelelo ngolimi Russian lingaba nezincazelo eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga, ngenxa yesimo samanje esithi asebenzayo isikhathi izwi - benza akhiwa esebenzisa tijobelelo -usch - / - yusch-. Isijobelelo e -usch Russian - (- yusch-) has ngesikhathi esifanayo incazelo sesenzo futhi injalo engenabuntu - samanje esithi futhi impambosi. Ezilimini agglutinative -usch Isijobelelo - (- yusch-) kungaba tijobelelo ezintathu amanani amathathu ahlukene.

Preformative netijobelelo oluhlelekile ticalo

I isiqalo nesijobelelo ngolimi Russian kungaba okwakhayo, t. E. Ukuze yakha entsha uhlobo izwi, ukushintsha izibonakaliso zakhe ze-non-unomphela (isibonelo, isijobelelo isenzo isiRashiya lesesikhatsini lesengcile -l- ekushintsheni isimo sesenzo kusukela esikhathini samanje ukuba esikhathini esidlule, kodwa uhlala isenzo ..) kanye preformative ie lezo ukushintsha incazelo yegama elithi (isibonelo, in- Isiqalo: ukuya - ukungena). Isiqalo ngokuvamile Isijobelelo preformative ngolimi Russian - ekubumbeni. Ukuphela zikhona okwakhayo kuphela. Ngu inflected zihlanganisa isiRashiya, isi-Arabhu, isi-Latin, ngesiGreki.

tijobelelo participles

Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukufunda Ukwahlukaniswa tijobelelo, participles kanye ukupela kwabo. Cabangela isikhathi (esidlule nezamanje - Ngokuzayo e amasakramente akunjalo), idiphozi (zeqiniso noma yokwenziwa) ku conjugation sesenzo okuyinto yakha samanje esithi. Esithi lesesikhatsini samanje has asebenzayo izwi Isijobelelo ngesiRashiya ulimi -usch - (- yusch-) zokuqala kanye Nokwehla -asch - (- yasch-) yesibili. Esikhathini esidlule isibambiso efanayo - Isijobelelo -W - / - vsh-. Passive usenkathini yamanje - -em - / - umfutho, futhi ethulwa esikhatsini lesengcile isenzo tijobelelo ngolimi Russian -n - / - futhi nn- -m- (izimisele). Ifomu yokugcina isakramente ngokuvamile kudidaniswe isiphawulo, kodwa ubatshele akunzima kangako: e wenhlanganyelo alikwazi ukuba sincike ke amabizo. It kuvela ukuthi yonke isenzo zingase zimiswe 4 iSidlo, kodwa akusebenzi njalo.

Ayikwazi aphule ulimi ngesisekelo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi elula, enhle futhi amabi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhathi ukufunda ithebula eziyimpumelelo ukutadisha inflected, futhi ngakolunye - uzama ukuqonda indlela ukufaka engaqondile e ulimi. Konke kuncike ekutheni umphathi ulimi ukhona, futhi yini izilimi ziye zafundiswa ngaphambili. Kunoma ikuphi, ukutadisha zolimi ngalunye - mnandi futhi umdlalo okwanelisayo.